Core Viewpoint - The Chinese supermarket industry is facing significant challenges, with many companies struggling to adapt to market changes and competition from foreign retailers, leading to declining revenues and profitability [1][5][11]. Industry Overview - The departure of Zhang Jingyi from Yonghui Supermarket highlights the difficulties faced by Chinese supermarkets in recent years, including the impact of e-commerce and the pandemic [1]. - Many Chinese supermarket companies have attempted to innovate and adjust their product offerings, but customer traffic remains low, and profitability is still a major issue [1][5]. Comparison with Foreign Supermarkets - In contrast to the struggles of Chinese supermarkets, foreign retailers like Walmart, Costco, and Metro have maintained strong profitability, with Walmart reporting a revenue of $161.63 billion and a net profit increase of 53.3% in its latest fiscal quarter [6][8]. - In the first half of 2023, over 60% of the 13 listed Chinese supermarket companies reported a decline in revenue, with some facing significant losses [5][9]. Financial Performance of Chinese Supermarkets - Lianhua Supermarket reported a revenue decline of approximately 13.3% in the first half of 2023, continuing a trend of losses that have accumulated to over 2 billion yuan since 2017 [9][10]. - Other companies like Bubugao and Renrenle also reported severe losses, with Bubugao's revenue dropping by 69.29% and a net loss of 449 million yuan [9][10]. Self-Brand Development - The development of private labels is crucial for supermarkets to differentiate themselves and improve profit margins, yet Chinese supermarkets lag significantly behind their foreign counterparts in this area [12][13]. - In the U.S., private label sales grew by 11.3% in 2022, while in China, the private label market share is only about 1% [12][13]. Challenges in Private Label Strategy - Chinese supermarkets have been slow to develop effective private label strategies, often relying on OEM and ODM products rather than creating unique offerings [35][36]. - The lack of dedicated procurement teams for private labels in Chinese supermarkets contrasts sharply with the practices of foreign retailers, which often have specialized teams focused on private label development [36][42]. Future Opportunities - Despite the current challenges, the potential for growth in the Chinese supermarket sector remains, given the country's manufacturing and consumer capabilities [43].

当胖东来宣布进军郑州，且其首店位置与规划中的山姆会员店近在咫尺时，零售界的目光瞬间聚焦。一个是以"极致服务"和"人性光辉"闻名、深耕河南的区 域零售传奇；另一个则是凭借会员制与全球供应链横扫中国中产家庭的国际仓储巨头。 两者在郑州的即将相遇，被外界渲染为一场"本土情怀"与"全球模式"的正面交锋。然而，胖东来，这位被网友亲切称为"胖东来"的零售明星，其近年来在商 品策略上的某些动向，是否意味着它正在有意或无意地借鉴山姆等会员仓储店的经典打法？本文将深入剖析。 在探讨具体策略之前，必须认清胖东来与山姆的基因有着本质区别。它们的成功，源于完全不同的商业哲学和土壤。 在大包装销售方面，山姆的大包装是其商业模式的自然产物，服务于家庭每周或每月的集中采购需求，以降低单次使用成本。胖东来在部分商品（如坚果、 零食）上也提供大规格包装，但这更多是为了满足顾客的多样化需求和对高性价比的追求，并非其核心的销售模式。 胖东来的生鲜品类依然强调"日清"和高周转，与山姆仓储式的大包装囤货逻辑存在显著区别。关于爆款单品策略，山姆是制造爆款的高手，通过强大的买手 团队和供应链能力，打造出具有社交货币属性的"网红商品"。 胖东来同样不乏人气 ...

（来源：中华工商时报） 转自：中华工商时报 全球性咨询公司贝恩公司与Worldpanel消费者指数最新联合发布的《2025年中国购物者报告（系列 二）》显示，零售商自有品牌在过去两年间年均增长44%。报告指出，零售商自有品牌不仅在抢占增量 需求，而且将加剧品牌商面临的竞争压力。 零售业态不断演变，零售商从"卖货架"转型为"做商品"，开始"干品牌商的活"，他们以第一手消费者市 场需求洞察以及供应链整合优势，发展自有品牌。 今年10月，永辉超市宣布将在5年内打造500支自有品牌商品。合百集团旗下合家福超市自去年发力自有 品牌，截至今年11月，自有品牌单品数达到476个，销售超4000万元，同比增长92%。沃尔玛等超市门 店入口等醒目处也陈列着各种自有品牌商品。大润发除推出低价"超省"系列外，还推出"润发甄选"系 列。 自有品牌火热，原因在于当前消费潮流趋于务实，人们寻求优质性价比，加之消费市场下沉，自有品牌 的相对优势迎合了这些需求。Worldpanel消费者指数显示，2025年前三季度有超过48%的中国城镇家庭 购买过自有品牌，较去年同期提升10个百分点；此外，自有品牌在地级市的渗透率增长超过12个百分 点，显 ...

Core Insights - Sam's Club in China has achieved record sales of over 120 billion yuan, marking a 20% year-on-year increase, with expectations to exceed 130 billion yuan for the year [1] Group 1: Sales Growth Factors - The significant sales growth is attributed to three main factors: strong performance in online-to-home services, with online sales expected to reach 65 to 70 billion yuan, accounting for over 50% of total sales [2] - Rapid expansion of physical stores, with plans to open approximately 11 new stores in 2025, driven by the demand for high-quality products from the growing middle class in China [2][3] - Same-store sales growth, with projections indicating an increase in the number of stores generating over 500 million yuan in annual sales from 2 to 8 by 2025 [3] Group 2: Trust and Quality Issues - Despite record financial performance, member trust in Sam's Club has reached a historical low, with over 13,000 complaints reported on consumer platforms, highlighting issues with product quality and discrepancies between advertised and actual products [4][6] - The decline in trust is exacerbated by the removal of approximately 200 exclusive products and a decrease in the proportion of private label goods from 38% to 30% [7] - Specific complaints include quality issues with various products, leading to dissatisfaction among long-term members, who express concerns over the value of their membership fees [6][7] Group 3: Competitive Landscape - The retail landscape in China is evolving, with domestic players like Yonghui gaining competitive advantages through localized supply chains and optimized product offerings, posing challenges to foreign giants like Sam's Club [8][9] - Sam's Club is expanding into high-potential county markets, but faces competition from new retail formats such as Hema and JD Fresh, which leverage supply chain upgrades to offer high-quality alternatives [9]

Core Insights - Sam's Club in China has achieved sales exceeding 100 billion, accounting for nearly two-thirds of Walmart China's total net sales [1] - In contrast, local supermarket companies are facing significant declines, with a 13.2% drop in total revenue and a 48.12% plunge in net profit in the first half of 2025 [3] Group 1: Sam's Club Performance - Sam's Club has set a record for the fastest store openings in its 29 years in China, with six new stores opened in the first half of 2025 and a total of 11 planned for the year, bringing the total to nearly 60 stores [5] - The membership fee model, with annual fees of 260 yuan for regular and 680 yuan for premium, initially seemed counterintuitive in a market where entry is typically free [7][9] - The changing economic landscape, with per capita GDP surpassing 8,000 USD and especially 10,000 USD, has shifted consumer behavior away from solely seeking low prices [7] Group 2: Consumer Psychology and Trust - The membership fee acts as a filter, attracting consumers who value quality, efficiency, and trust over mere affordability [9][11] - The concept of "sunk cost" enhances customer retention, as consumers feel compelled to purchase more once they have paid for the membership [11] - Sam's Club offers a unique value proposition by providing certainty in product quality, alleviating consumer concerns about counterfeit goods and ingredient transparency [14][16] Group 3: Product Selection and Experience - Sam's Club simplifies the shopping experience by offering around 4,000 carefully selected products, significantly fewer than traditional supermarkets [19][21] - A professional buying team leverages global supply chains and consumer data to curate high-quality options, reducing decision fatigue for consumers [21][23] - The self-owned brand, Member's Mark, contributes nearly 40% of sales and embodies the commitment to quality and traceability [25] Group 4: Competitive Strategy and Market Position - Sam's Club has established a "trust moat" through stringent quality control, differentiating itself from local competitors who engage in price wars [27] - The company has adapted to online sales, with over 50% of sales now occurring online, supported by a network of over 500 fulfillment centers [29][30] - The appointment of former Alibaba executive Liu Peng as president of Sam's China indicates a strategic focus on digital operations and online growth [31] Group 5: Industry Implications - Sam's Club's success highlights the failures of local retailers who have not built consumer trust and have been caught in a cycle of internal competition [37] - The contrasting success of Sam's Club and local retailers underscores the importance of genuine consumer engagement and quality control in retail [35]

Core Insights - The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market in urban China showed a 2% year-on-year sales growth in the first three quarters of 2025, with beverages leading the growth while dairy products faced challenges [1] - Final consumption expenditure contributed 53.5% to economic growth, driving GDP growth by 2.8 percentage points [2] - Online channels experienced a 7% year-on-year sales growth, with major e-commerce platforms like Douyin and JD.com showing positive performance [10][12] Group 1: FMCG Market Performance - Urban China's FMCG market achieved a 2% year-on-year sales growth in the first three quarters of 2025, with beverages leading the growth [1] - Dairy products faced significant challenges, with declines in both purchase frequency and spend per trip [1] - Lower-tier cities remained key growth engines, with sales in town and county markets growing by 4.1% and 3.6% respectively [1] Group 2: Retailer Performance - Walmart Group's market share increased by 1 percentage point, driven by Sam's Club and community store formats [6] - Hema's overall share increased by 0.4 percentage points, with its ChaoHesuan format driving growth through value-for-money offerings [6] - The SPAR Group achieved significant growth in the East region, with its discount store model becoming a key growth driver [6] Group 3: Discount Store Format - The penetration of discount snack stores exceeded 31% in the first three quarters of 2025, with a notable increase in the West region [7] - Comprehensive discount stores saw a 2.3 percentage points year-on-year increase in penetration, driven by major players expanding their offerings [8] - Wumart Group accelerated its transition to a hard discount format, leveraging its existing store network [9] Group 4: Online Channels - Online channels demonstrated steady performance with a 7% year-on-year sales growth [10] - Douyin's penetration increased by 5.1 percentage points, reaching close to 50%, with significant growth in town-level markets [12] - Xiaohongshu's penetration reached 1.7%, reflecting its unique content community platform's effectiveness [13] Group 5: Private Label Development - Over 48% of Chinese urban households purchased private label products, an increase of 10 percentage points year-on-year [17] - Retailers are enhancing control over product supply chains to optimize costs and improve price advantages for private labels [17] - Traditional supermarkets and online platforms are actively promoting private label development to strengthen consumer loyalty [18]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive outlook for the membership-based retail industry in China, driven by the steady increase in the middle-income population and the expected market growth [5]. Core Insights - Membership-based retail is a manifestation of supply chain efficiency revolution and consumer stratification, aiming to enhance customer loyalty and consumption stickiness through differentiated services and benefits [3][4]. - The market size of China's membership-based retail industry is projected to grow from 25.36 billion RMB in 2019 to 44.69 billion RMB in 2025, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12% [27][30]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - Membership-based retail services involve issuing membership cards to create a specific consumer group, providing them with preferential prices and exclusive services [17][18]. - The industry has evolved through various stages: emergence, development, rapid growth, and maturity, reflecting innovation in business models and deep integration of consumer demand with technological changes [24][25]. Industry Chain Analysis - The industry chain consists of upstream suppliers (international brands, private labels, and local brands), midstream participants (membership-based retail players), and downstream consumers, typically characterized by higher income levels [35][46]. - Membership-based retail enterprises focus on product selection and quality control to establish competitive advantages, with a significant emphasis on private label products [39][42]. Current Status of the Industry - Membership-based retail enterprises are primarily located in first-tier and new first-tier cities, with a gradual decrease in coverage as city tiers lower [51]. - The report highlights the importance of differentiated membership benefits and tiered membership systems to enhance customer engagement and retention [4][20]. Development Trends - The report anticipates continued growth in the membership-based retail market, supported by the increasing middle-income population, which is expected to reach 611 million by 2025, with an average income of 38,560 RMB per person [5][35]. - The industry is likely to evolve towards more vertical and personalized offerings, leveraging technology such as big data for precise marketing [3][18].

Core Insights - The article discusses the strategic shift of RT-Mart towards private label brands in response to the challenges faced in the retail industry, particularly during a downturn in consumer spending [1][5][6] Group 1: Company Strategy - RT-Mart is launching a "Private Label Festival" in October 2025, featuring nearly 500 private label products across various categories, aiming to balance cost control and quality experience [5][10] - The private label strategy includes two main series: "Super Savings," which focuses on cost-effective products, and "RT-Mart Selection," which emphasizes quality and local specialties [5][10] - The company aims to leverage its supply chain to ensure quality control and competitive pricing, moving away from traditional brand partnerships [10][11] Group 2: Market Context - The traditional supermarket model is under pressure from online platforms and new retail formats, leading to a significant decline in the number of physical stores and sales [6][11] - Consumer behavior has shifted towards value-driven purchasing, with a growing demand for high-quality, cost-effective products [6][11] - The retail industry is transitioning from a "channel dividend" to a "supply chain dividend," necessitating a focus on supply chain integration and brand storytelling [11][16] Group 3: Financial Performance - Financial data indicates a decline in revenue for RT-Mart's parent company, with a drop from approximately 83.66 billion yuan to 71.55 billion yuan between 2023 and 2025 [7][10] - The gross profit also decreased slightly, from 20.58 billion yuan to 17.24 billion yuan during the same period [7] Group 4: Competitive Landscape - RT-Mart faces competition from established private label brands like Walmart's "Great Value" and Sam's Club's "Member's Mark," which have already gained market recognition [13][14] - The rise of hard discount chains and online platforms offering low-priced products poses additional challenges to RT-Mart's market position [14][15] - The company must quickly innovate and adapt to consumer preferences to remain competitive in a crowded market [15][16]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fierce competition in the Chinese supermarket industry, particularly focusing on the rise of private label brands as a strategic response to market challenges and consumer preferences. Group 1: Industry Trends - The supermarket industry in China is witnessing a shift towards private label brands, with major players like Yonghui and Sam's Club investing heavily in this area to enhance profitability and market share [3][25][107]. - The penetration of private label products has increased significantly, with consumer awareness rising to 90% and 35% having purchased such products in the past six months [19][20]. - Retail giants such as Alibaba, JD, and Meituan are also entering the private label space, indicating a broader trend towards self-branded products across the industry [7][25]. Group 2: Company Strategies - Yonghui has engaged a "Fat Donglai support team" to develop 500 private label products over five years, aiming for these to account for 40% of total sales [3][88]. - Sam's Club has successfully integrated its private label, Member's Mark, which contributes approximately 40% of its revenue despite only accounting for 25%-30% of its SKU [53][54]. - Aldi, known for its high private label ratio of 90%, focuses on a limited SKU strategy, emphasizing quality and cost-effectiveness [56][65]. Group 3: Consumer Behavior - Consumers are increasingly seeking value, with a preference for high-quality products at competitive prices, leading to a demand for private label brands that offer better quality without the brand premium [111][128]. - The trend of "quality-price ratio" is becoming more significant, with consumers willing to try private labels that meet their quality expectations [114][117]. - The success of private labels hinges on building consumer trust through consistent quality and value, as seen with successful brands like Fat Donglai and Costco [138][139]. Group 4: Challenges and Opportunities - Many supermarkets struggle with private label strategies due to a lack of comprehensive supply chain management and product differentiation, often resulting in poor sales performance [91][96]. - The article highlights that while private labels can be a lifeline for traditional supermarkets, they also pose risks if not executed with a clear strategy and commitment to quality [106][109]. - The competitive landscape indicates that successful private label brands require a shift from merely selling products to creating unique offerings that resonate with consumer needs [130][131].

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated Q2 revenue increased by 5.6% in constant currency, outperforming expectations with each business segment showing stronger sequential sales growth than in Q1 [26][27] - Adjusted operating income grew by 0.4% in constant currency, despite absorbing a headwind of 560 basis points from expenses related to general liability claims [10][41] - Adjusted EPS increased by 1.5% to $0.68, with discrete charges related to legal matters and restructuring adjusted out for comparison purposes [41][42] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - E-commerce sales grew by 25% globally, with all segments exceeding 20% growth, led by Walmart U.S. and Sam's Club U.S. at 26% [6][27] - Walmart U.S. comp sales grew by 4.6%, with strength in general merchandise across categories, particularly in apparel, media, gaming, and automotive [8][27] - Sam's Club U.S. comp sales, excluding fuel, increased nearly 6%, driven entirely by unit growth [31][33] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - International sales increased by 10.5% in constant currency, with significant contributions from China, Walmex, and Flipkart [7][30] - Sales in China grew by 30%, while Walmex saw over 6% growth, with e-commerce growth in international markets exceeding 20% [30][31] - Global advertising revenue increased by 46%, with Walmart Connect in the U.S. up 31% excluding VIZIO [9][37] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on maintaining price leadership while investing in associates, supply chain automation, and AI technology [25][48] - The introduction of AI roles aims to enhance customer service, improve associate experience, and increase productivity [17][18] - The company is optimistic about the upcoming holiday season and is preparing for strong performance in the back half of the year [16][17] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in navigating economic uncertainty and expects to gain market share during this period [24][25] - The company is raising its full-year sales growth guidance in constant currency by 75 basis points to a range of 3.75% to 4.75% [43][44] - Management remains focused on balancing short-term share gains with long-term investments in technology and associates [25][48] Other Important Information - The company has approximately 7,400 price rollbacks across its assortment, with a 30% increase in grocery rollbacks compared to last year [15][39] - Inventory levels are healthy, with a global increase of 3.8% and a 2.2% increase in Walmart U.S. [12][43] - The company is closely monitoring customer demand and managing inventory in response to tariff impacts [14][43] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you discuss the underlying profitability and AI's impact on sales? - Management indicated that AI is not yet lifting top-line sales but is optimistic about future productivity improvements [52][53] - The business mix remains strong, with no significant concerns about underlying profitability [55][56] Question: How does recent competitor activity affect Walmart's strategy? - Management acknowledged that competition is improving but emphasized the focus on customer needs and maintaining price and assortment [60][62] Question: How does Walmart address concerns about gross margin performance? - Management highlighted the importance of long-term trends over short-term fluctuations and expressed confidence in navigating unexpected expenses [66][67] Question: What is the current state of inventory management? - Management reported strong inventory levels and effective management practices, with a focus on supporting unit growth [71][75] Question: Can you elaborate on pricing strategies and consumer response? - Management noted that customers are making rational trade-offs in response to price changes, and the company is leveraging its business model for flexibility [82][85] Question: What are the strategic priorities for international markets? - Management discussed the focus on e-commerce growth and technology integration in Canada, Mexico, and India, with significant investments in QuickCommerce capabilities [90][91] Question: How is e-commerce profitability evolving globally? - Management reported progress in e-commerce profitability, with significant contributions from advertising and membership, and emphasized the diversified profit streams [95][96]