We came across a bullish thesis on Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. on Phaetrix Investing’s Substack by Phaetrix. In this article, we will summarize the bulls’ thesis on AMD. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.'s share was trading at $159.79 as of September 22nd. AMD’s trailing and forward P/E were 95.68 and 26.88 respectively according to Yahoo Finance. Benchmark Rates Canaan Inc. (CAN) as a ‘Buy’ as Bitcoin Treasury Grows Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) presents a compelling 12–18 month investment opportunity, targe ...

Core Viewpoint - BluSky AI Inc. has signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) with Lilac to form a strategic partnership aimed at enhancing cloud compute provisioning and monetizing idle capacity in the AI ecosystem [1][2][3] Group 1: Partnership Details - The LOI allows BluSky AI to offer its GPU cloud computing resources, including unallocated inventory and customer capacity, for rent through Lilac's marketplace [2] - This collaboration is expected to increase the utilization of BluSky AI's compute assets while expanding Lilac's supplier base with high-performance GPU models such as NVIDIA B200, H200, H100, A100, L40, RTX 5090, and RTX 4090 [2][3] - The partnership includes a multi-pronged engagement strategy involving engineering integration, co-marketing efforts, and a customer acquisition framework, with a definitive agreement anticipated in the coming months [3] Group 2: Company Missions and Goals - BluSky AI aims to democratize access to AI compute and optimize resource efficiency by integrating idle capacity into Lilac's platform, enabling customers to generate new revenue streams [3][6] - Lilac's mission is to democratize access to critical AI infrastructure and create a more efficient cloud economy by connecting idle GPU capacity to AI developers and enterprises [5][7] Group 3: Marketing and Transparency Initiatives - BluSky AI will designate Lilac as a 'Preferred Marketplace Partner' and promote the platform within its ecosystem [6] - Both companies will collaborate on various marketing initiatives, including joint press releases, social media activations, and event partnerships [6] - BluSky AI will provide quarterly transparency reports on available GPU inventory to inform marketplace strategy and performance tracking [6]

Core Viewpoint - NVIDIA has launched the new GeForce RTX 5090D v2 in mainland China, replacing the banned RTX 5090D, with a 25% reduction in memory and bandwidth to comply with U.S. export regulations, while maintaining the same price of RMB 16,499 (approximately $2,298) [1][9]. Product Specifications - The RTX 5090D v2 retains the same GB202-240 GPU chip as the RTX 5090D, with a base clock of 2.01 GHz and a boost clock of 2.41 GHz. However, the memory has been reduced from 32GB GDDR7 with a 512-bit interface to 24GB GDDR7 with a 384-bit interface, resulting in a bandwidth decrease from 1792 GB/s to 1344 GB/s, complying with U.S. export regulations limiting bandwidth to below 1.4 GB/s [5][8]. - The CUDA core count remains unchanged at 21,760, but the AI performance has significantly decreased from 3,352 TOPS to 2,375 TOPS, a reduction of approximately 29.15% [7][8]. Market Response - The RTX 5090D v2 is available from various manufacturers such as ASUS, Colorful, and GIGABYTE, with starting prices at RMB 16,499, while some flagship models have prices reaching RMB 17,499 to nearly RMB 19,000 [1][3]. - The previously banned RTX 5090 and 5090D are now in high demand in the second-hand market, leading to price premiums [1].

Core Viewpoint - Bolt Graphics, a lesser-known chip startup, has claimed that its first GPU module, Zeus 4C, achieves performance levels 13 times greater than the RTX 5090 in path tracing scenarios [1][4]. Performance Comparison - In path tracing tasks at 4K resolution with 120 frames per second, Zeus 4C outperforms RTX 5090 significantly, but it is not designed for gaming applications [4][6]. - Zeus GPU models (2c26-064 and 2c26-128) have advantages in board power and cache compared to RTX 4090 and RTX 5090, but they lag in floating-point performance (FP64/FP32/FP16 vector tflops) [5][6]. - Zeus GPU utilizes LPDDR5X memory, which is designed for mobile devices, resulting in lower bandwidth compared to the GDDR7 memory used in RTX 5090, leading to potential performance issues in gaming scenarios [6][9]. Target Applications - Bolt Graphics focuses on high-precision graphics rendering rather than gaming or AI performance, targeting industries such as film visual effects, game rendering, and high-performance computing (HPC) [6][9]. - Path tracing is highlighted as a key technology for Bolt Graphics, providing realistic rendering effects widely used in various industries [7][9]. Architectural Design - The Zeus GPU series features a chiplet architecture, with models incorporating multiple compute and I/O cores to enhance performance [13]. - The design aims to address memory bandwidth limitations by offering multiple SODIMM slots for additional memory [13]. Market Position and Future Outlook - Bolt Graphics is seen as a niche player in the GPU market, potentially challenging established companies like NVIDIA and AMD in specific applications [20]. - The company has not yet disclosed benchmark testing details or how its performance compares to competitors, with developer kits expected in 2026 and full production in 2027 [20][21].

Core Viewpoint - Bolt Graphics, a lesser-known chip startup, has claimed that its first GPU module, Zeus 4C, outperforms NVIDIA's RTX 5090 by 13 times in path tracing scenarios [1][8]. Group 1: Performance Claims - Zeus 4C achieves 120 frames per second at 4K resolution in path tracing tasks, significantly surpassing the RTX 5090 [8]. - Despite its impressive path tracing performance, Zeus GPUs fall short in floating-point operations compared to RTX 4090 and RTX 5090 [9]. - The Zeus GPU series is designed for high-precision graphics rendering rather than gaming or AI performance, focusing on applications like movie visual effects and high-performance computing (HPC) [12][14]. Group 2: Technical Specifications - Zeus GPUs utilize LPDDR5X memory, which is optimized for low power consumption but has lower bandwidth compared to the GDDR7 memory used in RTX 5090, leading to potential performance issues in gaming scenarios [10]. - The architecture of Zeus GPUs includes multiple compute and I/O cores, similar to AMD's chiplet design, enhancing their computational capabilities [17][19]. Group 3: Market Position and Future Prospects - Bolt Graphics is positioned as a niche player targeting specific high-demand applications rather than competing directly with established players like NVIDIA and AMD [26][27]. - The company has not yet disclosed benchmark testing details or how its performance compares to competitors, and the developer kits for Zeus GPUs are expected to be released in 2026, with mass production in 2027 [29][30].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence of Bolt Graphics, a startup aiming to redefine the GPU landscape with its new GPU called Zeus, specifically targeting path tracing technology to challenge established giants like NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel [1][6]. Group 1: Path Tracing as a Breakthrough - Path tracing represents a significant advancement in game graphics, providing a more realistic rendering of light interactions compared to traditional real-time ray tracing [2]. - Traditional methods sacrifice physical accuracy for performance, while path tracing offers "no-compromise quality" despite its high computational cost [2]. - The historical development of path tracing dates back to Jim Kajiya's 1986 paper, which laid the foundation for modern rendering theories [3]. Group 2: Bolt Graphics and Zeus GPU - Bolt Graphics was founded by engineers from major companies like NVIDIA and AMD, recognizing the untapped potential of path tracing technology [6]. - The Zeus GPU comes in three versions: single-chip (Zeus 1c), dual-chip (Zeus 2c), and quad-chip (Zeus 4c), with varying power and performance specifications [6][7]. - Zeus 1c has a TDP of approximately 120W and can process around 7.7 billion rays per second, while Zeus 4c targets data center applications with a TDP of 500W and up to 2TB of DDR5 memory [6][7][10]. Group 3: Advantages of Zeus - The memory architecture of Zeus utilizes LPDDR5X for bandwidth and DDR5 for capacity, allowing for a total memory of up to 2.25TB, which is beneficial for path tracing and HPC datasets [10]. - Bolt claims that Zeus can outperform NVIDIA's RTX 5090 by a factor of 10 in terms of efficiency for 4K path tracing scenes [10][11]. - Zeus supports IEEE-754 FP64 standard, making it suitable for high-performance computing (HPC) applications, which is a competitive advantage over NVIDIA's focus on AI [11][12]. Group 4: Ecosystem Development - Bolt is building an open, customizable ecosystem based on RISC-V architecture, which allows for community acceptance and flexibility in design [14][15]. - The company is developing a proprietary path tracing engine called Glow Stick, which aims for compatibility with mainstream rendering tools [15][16]. - Bolt plans to integrate its technology with various industry software and is working on drivers for DirectX and Vulkan, although challenges remain in the Windows ecosystem [16][17]. Group 5: Future Prospects and Challenges - Bolt aims to deliver its first development kits by Q3 2025 and enter mass production by the end of 2026, facing typical startup pressures [17][18]. - The company intends to target professionals in film and design before expanding into the gaming market, requiring successful case studies to build credibility [18][19]. - The potential for Zeus to revolutionize graphics rendering and simulation integration is significant, but the path from concept to production is fraught with challenges [19].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence of Bolt Graphics, a startup aiming to redefine the GPU landscape with its new GPU called Zeus, which focuses on path tracing technology to challenge established giants like NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel [1][19]. Group 1: Path Tracing as a Breakthrough - Path tracing represents a significant advancement in rendering technology, providing a more accurate representation of light behavior compared to traditional real-time ray tracing [2]. - The computational demands of path tracing are substantially higher, requiring ten to a hundred times the power of standard GPUs for real-time applications [2]. Group 2: Bolt Graphics and Zeus GPU - Bolt Graphics was founded by engineers from major companies like NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel, with a mission to create a high-performance path tracing GPU [7]. - The Zeus GPU comes in three versions: Zeus 1c, Zeus 2c, and Zeus 4c, with varying power and performance specifications, including a path tracing performance of approximately 7.7 billion rays per second for the 1c version [7][8]. - The Zeus 4c version is designed for data centers, featuring a TDP of 500W and up to 2TB of DDR5 memory, aimed at high-performance computing (HPC) and rendering farms [8][10]. Group 3: Advantages of Zeus - Zeus GPUs utilize a unique memory architecture combining LPDDR5X for bandwidth and DDR5 for capacity, allowing for a total memory of up to 2.25TB, which is beneficial for both path tracing and HPC datasets [10]. - In terms of performance, Bolt claims that their GPUs can outperform NVIDIA's RTX 5090 by a factor of 10 in certain scenarios, significantly reducing the number of GPUs needed for complex rendering tasks [10][11]. Group 4: Ecosystem Development - Bolt is building an open and customizable ecosystem based on RISC-V architecture, which allows for greater flexibility and community engagement compared to traditional closed architectures [14]. - The company is developing a proprietary path tracing engine called Glow Stick, which aims to integrate with popular rendering tools and provide high-precision sampling and physical Monte Carlo integration [15][16]. Group 5: Challenges and Future Outlook - Despite its potential, Bolt faces significant challenges, including the timeline for mass production, which is projected for late 2026, and the need to establish a robust software ecosystem to support its hardware [17][18]. - The success of Bolt's Zeus GPU could redefine the graphics rendering landscape, particularly in gaming and HPC applications, if it can deliver on its promises of unprecedented visual fidelity and performance [19].

Core Viewpoints - The article discusses the rapid growth and potential of the computing power leasing industry, particularly through the lens of CoreWeave, a significant player in this sector [2][11]. Company Overview - CoreWeave was established in 2017, originally as a cryptocurrency mining company, and has since pivoted to focus on AI cloud and infrastructure services, operating 32 data centers by the end of 2024 [2][3]. - The company has deployed over 250,000 GPUs, primarily NVIDIA products, and is a key provider of high-performance infrastructure services [2][3]. Business Model - CoreWeave offers three main services: bare-metal GPU leasing, management software services, and application services, with a focus on GPU leasing as the core offering [3][4]. - Revenue is generated primarily through two models: commitment contracts (96% of revenue) and on-demand payment, allowing flexibility for clients [4][5]. Financial Performance - In 2024, CoreWeave's revenue reached $1.915 billion, a year-over-year increase of over seven times, with Q1 2025 revenue at $982 million, reflecting a fourfold increase [8][9]. - The company has a remaining performance obligation of $15.1 billion, indicating strong future revenue potential [8]. Competitive Advantages - CoreWeave has optimized GPU utilization rates and efficiency, achieving significant performance improvements in AI training and inference tasks [7]. - The company has established strong relationships with NVIDIA, ensuring priority access to cutting-edge chips and technology [6][7]. Market Outlook - The AI infrastructure market is projected to grow from $79 billion in 2023 to $399 billion by 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 38%, highlighting the industry's potential [11]. - The computing power leasing sector is expected to play a crucial role in the digital economy, driven by increasing demand for AI capabilities [11][14]. Future Growth Strategies - CoreWeave plans to expand its customer base, explore new industries, and enhance vertical integration with strategic partnerships [10]. - The management aims to leverage existing contracts and maintain a low leverage asset structure to support growth [10].

Core Viewpoint - The RTX 5090 series is experiencing high demand and prices, while facing supply constraints and regulatory challenges in the Chinese market [5] Group 1: Market Demand and Supply - NVIDIA has ceased production of the RTX 4090 and shifted focus to the RTX 5090 series to meet strong market demand [1] - The overall manufacturing capacity is limited, and even a 25% increase in production may not fully satisfy demand, leading to a persistent supply shortage and high premiums in the market [1] - The market price for the RTX 5090 in Hong Kong is approximately 35,000 RMB, while prices in mainland China have seen a slight decline but remain high due to strong demand [1] Group 2: RTX 5090D Model and Pricing - The RTX 5090D model, specifically launched for the Chinese market, targets internet companies, with channel prices around 15,000 RMB and potential further declines to about 14,000 RMB [2] - For large AI clients, the average procurement price is around 15,000 RMB, but strong negotiators may secure prices as low as 10,000 RMB per chip [2] - NVIDIA has set a minimum suggested retail price (SRP) to maintain market order, prohibiting sales below this price [2] Group 3: Regulatory Challenges and Product Adjustments - The RTX 5090D has been classified as a non-compliant product due to exceeding the U.S. export control bandwidth limit, leading NVIDIA to suspend shipments to mainland China [3] - NVIDIA is exploring solutions to modify the 5090D and H20 models to comply with regulations, including reducing memory clock frequency [3] - The suspension of 5090D supply is expected to have a limited short-term impact on the domestic market, as prior procurement volumes were not substantial [3] Group 4: Supply Chain and Manufacturer Impact - Global manufacturers like ASUS, MSI, and Gigabyte benefit from the current high-price environment, while local firms like Colorful face more limited profit margins [4] - Major tech companies in China, such as Alibaba and Tencent, primarily acquire computing power through direct purchases from NVIDIA or by sourcing consumer-grade graphics cards [4] - NVIDIA intentionally limits the supply of the 5090 chip to prevent it from being widely used in data centers, thereby protecting the sales strategy and market share of its higher-margin professional AI computing cards [4]

Core Insights - Intel has made significant progress in the high-performance graphics sector, with the Xe3 hardware design completed and software development ongoing, indicating a strong commitment to future advancements [1][21]. GPU Organization - Modern GPUs are built on a hierarchical structure that allows for scalability in performance, power consumption, and pricing [3]. - The Xe3 architecture features a new topology that can support up to 16 Xe cores per render slice, compared to only 4 in previous generations [4][7]. Performance Metrics - Xe3 can theoretically support a configuration of 256 Xe cores with 32,768 FP32 channels, surpassing Nvidia's RTX 5090, which has 21,760 FP32 channels [7]. - The Xe3 architecture aims to enhance flexibility in scaling computational power without being constrained by fixed-function hardware [8]. XVE Changes - The Xe Vector Engine (XVE) in Xe3 can run up to 10 threads simultaneously, improving thread-level parallelism and latency hiding compared to previous generations [10]. - Xe3 introduces a more flexible register allocation system, allowing for better utilization of resources and higher occupancy rates [11]. Instruction Modifications - Xe3 supports new instructions for floating-point conversions and sparse matrix operations, indicating a focus on optimizing performance for specific workloads [14]. - The architecture includes enhancements for ray tracing, such as Sub-Triangle Opacity Culling (STOC), which aims to reduce unnecessary shader work during rendering [15][17]. Future Outlook - The Xe3 architecture represents a significant step forward for Intel's graphics capabilities, with improvements in latency tolerance and dynamic register allocation [21]. - Intel's ongoing research and development efforts suggest a commitment to advancing its GPU architecture, potentially positioning it more competitively against Nvidia and AMD [22].