丹麦位于欧洲北部，国土面积为4.3万平方公里（不包括格陵兰和法罗群岛），既是传统意义上的西方 工业发达国家，也是一个养殖业发达的农业强国。丹麦全国总人口约592万，城乡饮用水全部来自地下 水，在完善的管网供水体系和集中水质处理保障下，已基本没有零星地下水开采，每年地下水抽采量约 3.6亿立方米。 地下水水源保护与应用 在国家层面，丹麦环境部下辖环境保护局、自然资源局和海岸带管理机构。其中，环境保护局遵循《欧 盟水框架指令》，负责地下水相关立法、行政命令发布、指南制订、杀虫剂批准，以及地下水分布图的 绘制及监测等。 在市级层面，丹麦有98个市，每个市都需要编制城市发展与管理规划和地区发展规划，相关环境保护局 负责水资源规划、取水证发放、监督供水公司、水质管理、城市规划、制订行动计划或保护计划。为避 免当地水资源短缺，在地下水分配环节需要遵循公共供水、自然资源价值保护、灌溉、工业用途等原 则。 借鉴国际经验、结合我国实际，笔者认为，推动地下水管理体系现代化，需从机制创新、技术赋能与多 元协同等多方面共同发力，以实现水资源可持续利用与生态保护的双重目标。具体建议如下： 适时完善地下水资源化利用及信息公开相关的政策法 ...

8月25日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布《关于推进绿色低碳转型加强全国碳市场建设的意 见》，强调要"依法加强重点排放单位、技术服务机构和金融机构信用监督管理"。碳市场是我国积极应 对气候变化、推动碳达峰碳中和目标落实的重要政策工具，但其运行和发展也面临着风险和挑战。建立 高质量碳市场信用体系，既是我国环境信用体系建设的重要方向，又是回应和解决碳市场突出问题的必 要举措。 信用机制在推动碳市场建设方面具有优势 以大数据为基础、以信用评价为依据，实施精准监管、协同监管。与传统监管方式相比，碳市场信用监 管更加强调采用"互联网+"、大数据的手段，有效整合各类信用信息，建立风险预判预警机制。这种方 式能及早发现防范苗头性和跨行业跨区域风险，为监管部门开展精准监管奠定坚实基础。 此外，碳市场信用监管强化了地区间、部门间协同监管，支持社会力量积极参与，鼓励充分发挥行业组 织、第三方信用服务机构作用，有助于整合形成全社会共同参与碳市场建设的合力。 推动碳市场信用体系建设的对策建议 信用机制为碳市场建设提供了系统性、精准化和协同化的监管优势，是实现高效治理的重要路径。其优 势体现在以下几个方面： 贯穿市场主体全生命周期。 ...

调研中，梁言顺边看边听边问，认真听取巢湖综合治理情况汇报，强调要把巢湖综合治理摆在突出位 置，坚持岸上岸下共管、干流支流同治，加强蓝藻治理，坚决防止治理后再污染。要坚持精准治污、科 学治污、依法治污，较真碰硬抓好中央生态环保督察反馈问题整改，在保证整改质量的前提下能快则 快、能早则早，打造湖城共生、人湖和谐的美丽画卷。 潘骞 周家林 途经花塘河、芦溪湿地时，梁言顺询问环巢湖湿地保护情况，强调要加强湿地保护修复，持续强化湿地 行蓄洪和生态保护功能，进一步增强生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性。临近红石咀、四顶山、姥山岛 等景点，梁言顺强调，要大力发展全域旅游，培育生态旅游新模式新业态，推动巢湖生态价值转化为发 展优势。 巢湖闸是长江流域巢湖出口控制枢纽工程，梁言顺来到闸口，现场察看防洪减灾体系建设，强调要结合 实施全域水患治理，推进巢湖流域重大防洪治理工程建设，扎实做好强堤固坝、河道疏浚等工作，高标 准打造通江达海的内河航道网，不断提高防洪减灾和航运能力。 9月4日，安徽省委书记梁言顺赴巢湖开展调研。他强调，要坚决抓好中央生态环保督察反馈问题整改， 系统推进巢湖生态保护修复和生态环境治理，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转 ...

在工业文明时代，人类以征服者的姿态利用和改造着大自然，以牺牲环境为代价换取经济社会的高速发 展，这种发展模式是不可持续的。当时间来到加快推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化的新阶段，对于生产 力的认识，除了人类利用自然、征服自然的能力，还应当包含人类保护自然以维持生态系统为人类发展 提供支撑的能力。 目前来看，三次产业分类均是以人为中心进行划分的，既没有与生态系统结合在一起，也没有充分考虑 生态系统服务与人类健康可持续发展的衔接循环作用。从未来产业培育来看，笔者建议在传统以人为中 心的产业划分之外，划分出以生态系统为中心的新产业，即生态系统服务业。 生态系统服务业以全球生态系统可持续发展为前提，包括生态系统为人类健康可持续发展、人类为生态 系统可持续发展所提供的一切产品和服务。发展生态系统服务业，不仅要重视自然资本为人类提供的能 够维持基础生理功能和生态功能的产品及服务，如农畜产品、清洁水源等；更要注重人类为生态系统可 持续发展所提供的一切产品和服务，如绿色技术创新以及生态清洁能源的开发使用等。 中央经济工作会议要求以科技创新推动产业创新，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模 式、新动能，发展新质生产力。未来 ...

Core Viewpoint - The separation of sampling and testing in national surface water environmental quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring data authenticity and accuracy, but there are significant operational issues that need to be addressed [1][2]. Group 1: Issues in Sampling Process - Some sampling agencies lack clear sampling plans, leading to delays in sample analysis and reporting [1][2]. - Non-compliance with sampling protocols, such as improper sample handling and transportation, can compromise data integrity [1][2]. - Issues like sample mislabeling and inadequate transportation conditions result in resource wastage due to the need for re-sampling and re-testing [1][2]. Group 2: Challenges in Analysis and Testing - The irregular timing of sample collection and delivery affects the efficiency of analysis, leading to reagent waste and equipment wear [2]. - Insufficient understanding of potential sample interferences by analysts can distort results [2]. - The monitoring task guidelines are outdated and do not meet the needs of modern monitoring practices [2]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Establish a comprehensive quality management system to oversee the entire sampling and testing process [3][4]. - Strengthen supervision of sampling agencies by requiring detailed monthly sampling plans and performance evaluations [3][4]. - Enhance training for sampling and testing personnel to improve operational skills and adherence to protocols [4]. - Update operational guidelines and methods to align with current monitoring requirements [4]. - Improve the functionality of data reporting software to enhance efficiency and reduce errors in data handling [4]. Group 4: Advancements in Monitoring Infrastructure - Accelerate the construction of automatic water quality monitoring stations to achieve comprehensive regional coverage [5].

Core Viewpoint - The newly issued "Regulations on the Responsibility System for Ecological and Environmental Protection of Local Party and Government Leaders" aims to establish a comprehensive, clear, and interconnected responsibility system for ecological and environmental protection, enhancing the overall effectiveness of local leadership in ecological civilization construction [1][3][6]. Group 1: Responsibility System Structure - The responsibility system emphasizes comprehensive coverage, ensuring that all local party and government leaders are held accountable for ecological and environmental protection [4][8]. - It clarifies the responsibilities of seven categories of local party and government leaders, linking responsibility to specific roles and tasks [8][9]. - The system aims to achieve a full-cycle management approach, ensuring that responsibilities are clearly defined, understood, and executed [3][6]. Group 2: Key Principles - Comprehensive coverage involves detailing responsibilities down to individuals and specific tasks, focusing on key personnel and positions [4][5]. - Consistency between rights and responsibilities ensures that each leader's authority corresponds with their duties, preventing any misalignment [4][6]. - Clear rewards and penalties are established to encourage proactive engagement while maintaining strict oversight [5][6]. Group 3: Implementation and Monitoring - The regulations outline specific monitoring and accountability mechanisms, including ecological protection inspections and performance evaluations [10][11]. - Local leaders are required to regularly analyze ecological conditions and assess environmental risks, ensuring informed decision-making [12][14]. - The regulations promote a shift from passive responses to proactive environmental governance, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention [13][15].

Core Viewpoint - Hunan Province is intensifying its efforts in pollution prevention and control, with key officials emphasizing the importance of addressing ecological and environmental issues through a series of meetings and actions [1][2]. Group 1: Meetings and Actions - Hunan's Party Secretary and Governor held consecutive meetings to address pollution prevention, indicating the province's high level of commitment [2]. - On September 1-2, key officials discussed the prominent ecological and environmental protection issues in various cities and counties, highlighting the need for accountability and action [1]. - The meetings focused on the urgency of achieving the goals set in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the central government's pollution prevention targets, identifying gaps and areas for improvement [1]. Group 2: Recent Initiatives - Recent inspections and meetings by provincial leaders, including discussions on water safety and pollution control measures, demonstrate ongoing efforts to enhance environmental governance [2]. - The implementation of the Hunan Provincial Water Pollution Prevention Regulations on May 1 and measures for coordinated air pollution control in key cities reflect a structured approach to environmental management [2]. - The province is actively engaging in a "summer offensive" against pollution, showcasing a proactive stance in tackling environmental challenges [2].

环境应急监测是环境应急工作的重要支撑。凡是处置效果好的突发环境事件，都离不开高质高效的应急 监测作保障。 近年来，各地生态环境系统高度重视环境应急监测工作，采取了多项措施提升基层应急监测能力，取得 了积极成效，但仍有一些不足。突发环境事件多发生在县区，县区理应是第一道防线，然而，当前一些 县区的环境应急监测仍存在明显短板。 基层环境应急监测的问题主要表现在以下几个方面。一是应急监测能力薄弱。在岗人员较少、人员老 化，动手能力不强。有的地方只能开展日常监测，对石油类、化学品监测束手无策，有的地方连基本的 应急监测方案都编不好，有的地方则依赖第三方监测机构。二是监测设备较为落后。基层普遍缺乏先进 的便携式监测设备，一些地方使用的还是十多年前甚至更早的仪器，出数慢且误差大，应急时发挥的作 用有限。三是应急监测响应速度不快。应急监测队伍要么短时间到不了现场，要么到了现场不能快速进 入工作状态。 对此，笔者认为，要坚持问题导向、多向发力，抓紧推进上述问题解决，为有力有效应对突发环境事 件、保障环境安全夯实基础。 研究启动环境应急监测能力提升行动。可以省级监测站为主体，通过多种途径和方式，如安排监测能力 建设资金，举办应 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of rural sewage treatment in improving agricultural productivity and environmental quality, highlighting the need for tailored solutions based on local conditions [1][2] - The "tidal population" issue in rural tourism areas leads to significant fluctuations in sewage discharge, necessitating innovative management strategies such as the "water storage peak shaving" model in places like Cangxi County, Sichuan [1] - Different sewage treatment methods are recommended based on population size and sewage volume, with larger villages requiring centralized systems and smaller ones utilizing constructed wetlands or purification tanks [1][2] Group 2 - Effective management and maintenance of rural sewage treatment facilities are crucial, with a focus on establishing long-term regulatory mechanisms to ensure stable operation [2] - The implementation of a multi-party responsibility mechanism in Cangxi County, involving community management and financial support, addresses funding challenges in sewage treatment projects [2] - The central government has outlined a plan for rural sewage and waste management, emphasizing the need for region-specific strategies that align with broader rural development goals [2]

Group 1 - The article highlights the successful resolution of a complex environmental complaint case by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Anyang City, which reflects the public's expectation for a robust environmental complaint mechanism [1] - The bureau utilized various methods such as day-and-night inspections, surprise checks, and drone tracing to confirm the absence of illegal wastewater discharge, demonstrating a proactive approach to environmental governance [1][2] - The case emphasizes the importance of public participation in the verification process, as the bureau allowed the complainant to witness the excavation of disputed pipelines, thereby enhancing transparency and trust [1][3] Group 2 - The article identifies several challenges faced by local authorities in handling environmental complaints, including insufficient technical means, lack of transparency in the investigation process, and inadequate recognition of external supervision [2] - It suggests that many local units tend to focus solely on surface-level environmental issues without addressing deeper conflicts such as neighborhood disputes or economic interests, which can lead to recurring complaints [2][4] - The article advocates for the integration of modern technology in complaint investigations, such as drone surveillance and online monitoring, to establish a solid factual basis for resolving issues [3][4] Group 3 - The article calls for a people-centered approach in enhancing the effectiveness of environmental complaint handling, emphasizing the need for public engagement and transparent communication [3] - It proposes the establishment of a "deep investigation" mechanism to understand the underlying social and economic factors contributing to environmental complaints, promoting collaboration among various local organizations [4] - The article stresses the importance of embracing external supervision as a means to improve regulatory compliance and internal processes within environmental governance [3]