Group 1 - The market is overly optimistic about the economic outlook, ignoring the negative impacts of unprecedented high tariffs, particularly on small businesses and inflation [1] - Multiple factors, including tariffs, a weak dollar, and potential demand slowdown, are impacting the inflation outlook, with tariffs expected to drive inflation higher in the second half of the year [1] - The labor market's ability to buffer against economic recession is weaker than in any period post-pandemic, with fewer job vacancies per unemployed person compared to 2021-2022 [1] Group 2 - The U.S. fiscal policy is creating a tug-of-war effect on economic growth, with both tariffs and fiscal measures raising inflation risks [2] - Inflation-protected assets, such as TIPS, appear relatively cheap, and could benefit if market sentiment shifts towards inflation concerns [2] - The Federal Reserve's economic forecast suggests a median expectation of a 50 basis point rate cut this year, but inflation pressures may lead to fewer cuts than anticipated [2]

证券研究报告·策略报告·策略点评 策略点评 20250707 美股连涨，非美风偏收紧——港股&海外周 观察 我们对港股持谨慎乐观态度。港股下行有底，关注短暂回调后的或有增 量资金入场。 1、港股还处在震荡趋势中，超宽松的流动性并未流向二级市场股票。 2、外部风险上行。1）美股仍处在反弹趋势中，持续创历史新高。部分 海外机构或将继续回流美股，分散中国资产的关注。2）市场重新关心 美国对等关税议题，担心有变。 3、进入数据验证期，市场将会更关注经济基本面和企业盈利面。最近， 互联网巨头价格战，市场担心二季度企业盈利下滑。 4、随着市场进一步回调，增配红利和自下而上寻找低估股票渐渐成为 共识。部分此前获利了结资金也在寻找合适时机入场增配。 ◼ 美股：事件面及宏观经济韧性，推动美股再度走高。其中道指领涨 2.3%， 标普 500 及纳指分别上涨 1.7%及 1.6%。 特朗普"大美丽"法案"闯关"成功。美国独立日当天（7 月 4 日）， 特朗普签署了大规模减税和支出法案——"大美丽法案"（One Big Beautiful Bill Act）。具体来看，减税方面，主要是 2017 年个人所得税 减税永久化、延长并提高 ...

Group 1: Economic Overview - The US economy is showing signs of slowing down, with the Atlanta Fed's GDPNOW model predicting a 2.6% annualized GDP growth for Q2, down 0.3 percentage points from previous estimates [2] - Employment data indicates a divergence from economic trends, with initial jobless claims decreasing to 233,000, below seasonal levels, and the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropping to 4.1% [2] - Long-term inflation expectations have slightly increased, with the 5-year breakeven inflation rate rising by 0.1 percentage points to 2.4% [3] Group 2: US Market Reactions - The US stock market rose by 1.7% due to stronger-than-expected employment data, alleviating concerns about economic slowdown from trade policy uncertainties [3] - The likelihood of interest rate cuts has diminished, with expectations returning to two cuts of 50 basis points, and the probability of a July cut dropping to zero [3] - The bond market is expected to maintain high volatility, with strategies suggesting a focus on short to medium-term US bonds [4] Group 3: China Economic Insights - China's economic growth is projected at approximately 5.2% for Q2, with June manufacturing PMI at 49.7, indicating a slight contraction [6] - Real estate investment is expected to decline significantly, with cumulative growth projected to drop to -11.2% due to seasonal factors and high base effects from last year [6] - External demand for Chinese exports may recover, aided by the easing of trade restrictions with the US and a rebound in US import demand [7] Group 4: Domestic Market Dynamics - The domestic market is influenced by the central government's focus on "anti-involution" policies, which are expected to lead to significant policy announcements in the second half of the year [8] - The A-share market saw the Shanghai Composite Index rise by 1.4%, driven by strong performance in banking and sectors benefiting from supply-side reforms [10] - The bond market experienced slight gains, with a balanced outlook expected in the short term, while potential policy adjustments could increase market volatility [9] Group 5: Currency and Commodity Outlook - The US dollar is expected to weaken in the medium term due to concerns over US debt sustainability and rising uncertainties from tariff suspensions [4] - The Chinese yuan is anticipated to maintain a neutral trend, influenced by both positive and negative factors in the trade environment [4] - Gold prices may experience short-term fluctuations but are expected to have strong medium-term support due to ongoing central bank purchases [4]

一、现货黄金基本面： 三、现货白银技术面： 5. 央行购金需求强劲：2025年全球央行对黄金储备的需求量维持高位。据世界黄金协会统计，2025年前四个月，各央行净购金256吨。中国人民银行截至 2025年5月末，已连续七个月扩大黄金储备。世界黄金协会6月17日发布的调查显示，95%的受访央行认为未来12个月内全球央行将继续增持黄金，近43%的 央行计划在未来一年内增加自身黄金储备，央行的购金行为对黄金价格形成有力支撑。 6. 市场需求结构变化：2025年一季度全球金矿产量同比增长0.5%至890吨，但同期黄金ETF流入量达226吨，推动投资需求同比增长170%。中国、印度等传 统消费大国金饰需求同比下降32%，而投资需求占比从2024年的18%跃升至34%。这种"消费萎缩、投资扩张"的格局，预示黄金正从商品属性向金融属性加 速转变，投资需求的增长有利于黄金价格上行。 二、现货黄金技术面： 回顾上周五现货黄金的价格走势，上周五美国独立日假期，美国市场休市一天，整体成交量萎缩，价格波动较小，截至目前市场报价约3330.00美元/盎司。 从短线1H周期技术图形观察，1H价格明显处于横盘震荡的走势中。 基于当前技术形 ...

Core Insights - The recent U.S. employment data for June showed a rare divergence, with a disappointing ADP report but strong non-farm payrolls, indicating mixed labor market signals [1][2] - The passage of the "Big Beautiful" tax and spending bill marks a significant shift in U.S. fiscal policy, moving from clean energy investments and social security expansion to tax cuts, increased defense spending, and stricter immigration enforcement [2] Economic Indicators - The U.S. ADP employment number decreased by 33,000 in June, the largest drop since March 2023, against an expectation of an increase of 95,000 [2] - Initial jobless claims for the week ending June 28 were 233,000, slightly below the expected 240,000 [2] - The unemployment rate in June was 4.1%, better than the expected 4.3% [2] - Seasonally adjusted non-farm payrolls increased by 147,000 in June, surpassing the expectation of 110,000 [2] Legislative Developments - The "Big Beautiful" tax and spending bill includes a $5 trillion increase in the U.S. debt ceiling and significantly cuts funding for healthcare programs, food assistance, and clean energy projects [2] - The European Central Bank's June monetary policy meeting minutes indicated that most inflation indicators suggest medium-term inflation will stabilize around the 2% target [2] Upcoming Events - Key upcoming economic indicators include China's June foreign exchange reserves and CPI, as well as the Federal Reserve's monetary policy meeting minutes [2]

文章称，用好用足更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，持续用力、更加给力，推动已确定的各 项政策举措充分发挥红利。我国宏观政策仍有进一步发力的空间。面临外部环境更趋复杂严峻、国内需 求不足、风险隐患较多等困难和挑战，应提高宏观调控前瞻性、针对性、有效性，根据形势变化及时推 出增量储备政策，更好地巩固经济发展和社会稳定基本面。 ...

当前经济稳定运行的压力犹存，需要加紧实施更加积极有为的宏观政策。通过增强宏观政策协调配合， 用好用足政策空间，充分释放政策效应，就可以更有效扩大国内需求、畅通经济循环、增强发展动能。 近日，财政部公布三季度将发行11只超长期特别国债，其中4只发行时间较原计划提前。此外，今年第 三批消费品以旧换新资金将在7月下达的消息也引起高度关注。一系列密集举措显示，宏观政策正在加 紧发力，为宏观经济运行提供更坚强支撑。 从总体看，今年宏观政策呈现"靠前发力"的特点。更加积极的财政政策方面，前5个月发行国债6.29万 亿元，同比增长38.5%；发行新增地方政府债券1.98万亿元，增长36.6%；全国一般公共预算支出增速达 4.2%，加强对惠民生、促消费、增后劲领域的投入，各项重点支出保持较高增幅。货币政策适度宽 松，强化逆周期调节，综合运用多种货币政策工具，为经济持续回升向好创造适宜的货币金融环境。 用好用足更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，持续用力、更加给力，推动已确定的各项政策举 措充分发挥红利。促进扩大内需方面，尽早发行和使用超长期特别国债、专项债券等，发挥财政资金引 导和带动效应，三季度部分超长期特别国债提前发 ...

Group 1 - The bond market has experienced two significant adjustment phases in the past six months, driven by discrepancies in monetary policy expectations and fundamental outlooks [2] - The first adjustment occurred from February to March, where the anticipated "double reduction" policy did not materialize, leading to a tightening of the funding environment and a subsequent decline in bond prices [2] - The second adjustment was triggered in early April by unexpected increases in U.S. tariffs, raising concerns about the economic fundamentals and leading to a rapid strengthening of the bond market [2] Group 2 - Future variables that could disrupt the current market oscillation include a potential slowdown in economic growth, which may lead to a temporary strengthening of bonds [3] - If the market doubts the sustainability of short-term positive economic data, it could impact corporate capital expenditure and consumer confidence, potentially leading to a correction in economic growth expectations and a subsequent bond market rally [3] - A more proactive signal from the central bank could guide funding prices lower, which may lead to a decrease in short-term yields and open up space for long-term price increases [4] Group 3 - The resilience shown in the domestic economy during the first half of the year may lower policy expectations for the second half, and if fiscal and real estate policies exceed expectations, it could lead to an upward revision of fundamental outlooks [4] - The bond market is currently in a low interest rate and low spread environment, with institutional funds likely to engage in ongoing debates regarding the pace and intensity of easing measures [4] - In this oscillating market, flexibility in duration management and careful selection of investment products will be essential to enhance returns through periodic trading [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article deeply analyzes the origins of modern central banking and discusses the relationship between fiscal and monetary policies in macroeconomic regulation, emphasizing the importance of maintaining clear boundaries and coordination between the two [3][4]. Group 1: Historical Context and Evolution - The emergence of modern central banks is closely linked to the establishment of fiscal discipline and the gold standard, with the Bank of England recognized as the first modern central bank [8][9]. - The evolution of fiscal and monetary policies has been shaped by historical events, including the Great Depression, which highlighted the need for government intervention in economic activities [22][27]. - The transition from strict gold standard to a more flexible monetary system allowed central banks to adjust liquidity and money supply, reflecting the changing economic landscape [19][20]. Group 2: Policy Framework and Coordination - Fiscal and monetary policies are distinct yet interconnected tools for macroeconomic management, requiring independent decision-making by fiscal authorities and central banks to avoid severe issues [4][6]. - The article advocates for a clear delineation of responsibilities between fiscal and monetary policies, suggesting that both should adapt to the economic context while maintaining their primary objectives [4][30]. - The coordination of fiscal and monetary policies is essential for effective macroeconomic regulation, particularly in addressing short-term fluctuations and long-term structural reforms [4][31]. Group 3: Implications for Future Policy - The article emphasizes the need for reform in fiscal systems to enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies, particularly in the context of China's economic development [4][30]. - It suggests that improving the decision-making mechanisms for fiscal and monetary policies can lead to better economic outcomes, particularly in promoting high-quality growth [4][30]. - The importance of communication with the market during crisis responses is highlighted, indicating that both fiscal and monetary authorities should work collaboratively to manage economic challenges [4][30].

Group 1: Fiscal Policy Strengthening - The fiscal policy for 2025 is set to be more proactive, shifting from "moderate increase" in 2024 to "more vigorous" measures in 2025, emphasizing counter-cyclical adjustments to stabilize the economy[5] - The budget deficit rate for 2025 is expected to reach a historical high, with significant increases in government bond issuance and spending intensity[14] - The focus of fiscal resources will be on people's livelihoods, consumption, and new productivity sectors, while also addressing risks in local debts and real estate[14] Group 2: Debt Instruments Expansion - The issuance of special bonds is set to increase to 4.4 trillion yuan in 2025, a 12.8% increase from 3.9 trillion yuan in 2024[21] - The plan includes 5,000 billion yuan in special government bonds to support state-owned banks' capital replenishment, enhancing their risk resistance and credit capacity[17] - The scope of special bonds will expand to include land reserves and the acquisition of existing housing for public welfare, with a shift from a "positive list" to a "negative list" for eligible projects[21] Group 3: Existing and Incremental Policies - Existing policies will be accelerated, with special bonds and long-term special bonds being issued and utilized promptly to enhance effectiveness[39] - The government aims to release the effectiveness of existing policies while reserving space for new incremental policies as needed[39] - New policy financial tools are in preparation to support technology innovation, consumption, and foreign trade, with an estimated scale of around 500 billion yuan expected to leverage investments significantly[7]