Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the reports indicates that Indonesia's economy is facing internal structural challenges, with GDP growth expected to slow to 4.9% in Q1 2025, driven more by internal reform pressures than external geopolitical risks [1] - The establishment of the Danantara Sovereign Wealth Fund, with a target size of $900 billion, is seen as a key strategic tool for Indonesia's economic transformation, aimed at managing state-owned enterprises and acting as a catalyst for industrial upgrades [3] - Indonesia's mandatory foreign exchange retention policy for resource-based exports is expected to increase foreign exchange reserves by over $20 billion within the year, helping to restore the reserve coverage to the level of 12 months of imports [3] Group 2 - The Indonesian capital market has experienced significant foreign capital outflows, with a net outflow of $2.98 billion from the stock market and over $375 million from the bond market since the beginning of 2025, attributed to governance issues among local companies [4] - The Indonesian Composite Index (IHSG) has seen a year-to-date decline of 7.5%, with current valuations corresponding to forward P/E ratios of 10.7x and 9.6x for 2025 and 2026, respectively, placing it at a low compared to other Southeast Asian markets [4] - In light of ongoing governance disputes and uncertain trade friction prospects, the Indonesian stock market may face further valuation adjustment pressures, despite its low export dependence on the U.S. at only 10% [4] Group 3 - The report suggests a "short-term defensive + mid-term layout" strategy for Q2 2025, focusing on sectors with complete local supply chains and lower exposure to internal and external market risks, such as food and beverage and healthcare [4] - Mid-term attention is recommended for sectors benefiting from state-owned enterprise restructuring and fiscal expansion, including financial services (state bank reforms), utilities (electricity infrastructure), and construction (accelerated infrastructure investment) [4]

短期内，美国滥施关税会带来一些压力，但也带来了技术创新和经济转型的机遇。迎难而上、开拓进取 的当代青年，将用实际行动诠释"打铁必须自身硬"的时代内涵，成为中国在技术创新和经济转型征程中 的生力军。最重要的，还是要集中精力办好自己的事情——实验室里，青年科研团队甘坐冷板凳， 以"十年磨一剑"的定力钻研基础学科创新；产业一线，青年工程师化危为机，用数字化技术改造传统生 产线；广袤沃野，越来越多新农人用知识奏响田园牧歌，把论文写在祖国大地上。 风浪无法阻挡一个民族走向复兴的坚定步伐。目睹中国始终以开放姿态举办进博会、服贸会，展现高水 平对外开放的决心；见证国产大飞机、量子通信等重大科技成果接连涌现，一些尖端技术和产品走在世 界前列……当代青年更加明白，爱国不是抽象的口号，而是一个人立德之源、立功之本，只有将爱国情 转化为报国行，以奋斗为笔、以实干为墨，才能在历史的长河中写下奋斗者的青春篇章。 近期，美国政府挥舞关税大棒，对包括我国在内的几乎所有贸易伙伴滥施关税，在国际社会掀起轩然大 波。每一代青年都有自己的际遇和机缘，面对科技封锁、贸易摩擦，当代青年应如何拨开迷雾、看清本 质，以智慧和底气迎接挑战？这不仅是全球贸易 ...

沙特阿拉伯2024年外国直接投资(FDI)流入量同比下滑19%至207亿美元，创2020年以来新低，标志着这个海湾大国连续第三年遭遇外资吸引力下降的挑战。 根据该政府最新披露的年度报告，沙特全年实际利用外资规模未实现预期目标的290亿美元，延续了2021年以来外资流入持续萎缩的态势。 当前沙特正站在转型的关键十字路口。主权财富基金定下2030年资产管理规模达2.67万亿美元的宏伟目标，但外资持续流出与全球经济放缓的双重压力，正 考验着这个石油王国经济重构的决心与智慧。 财政压力成为转型路上的"双刃剑"。尽管国际油价波动导致政府预算承压，沙特仍坚持扩大财政支出以推进改革，主权财富基金公共投资基金(PIF)资产规模 至2024年底已达9400亿美元。但分析人士警示，若油价长期低迷导致财政缺口扩大，政府或将被迫削减非核心领域支出，这可能进一步打击私人投资积极 性。 值得关注的是，沙特经济改革已取得部分阶段性成果，包括降低失业率、女性劳动力参与率和住房所有权。但在核心目标领域仍存短板——非石油产业对 GDP的贡献度仍不足，与"2030愿景"设定的目标存在差距。为扭转局面，沙特计划自2026年起将改革重心转向私营部门， ...

针对年初项目开工多、资金需求集中的情况，金融机构坚持靠前发力：一季度，工商银行公司贷款余额 首次突破17万亿元，新增项目类贷款超4000亿元；建设银行新增对公贷款超万亿元，对公贷款余额再创 新高；交通银行对公贷款实现同比多增…… 新华社北京4月24日电 题：新增贷款流向哪些领域——首季中国经济一线调研报告之八 吴雨、李延霞、张琼斯 中国人民银行发布的数据显示，一季度，我国社会融资规模增量超15万亿元、新增贷款达9.78万亿元， 均处于历史较高水平。 金融是经济的镜像。首季新增贷款流向哪些领域？折射出哪些经济发展新动向？近日，记者深入多地的 工厂商圈、金融机构，探寻资金流向，感受经济回升向好暖意。 需求回暖带动货币信贷投放"加码" 焊花飞溅、机械轰鸣，位于四川的成达万高铁项目施工现场，施工队伍正全力推进隧道掘进与桥梁架 设。 作为"八纵八横"高铁网沿江通道的重要组成部分，成达万高铁项目建设的加速推进离不开金融的一路护 航。2025年一季度，建设银行四川省分行为项目投放信贷资金4亿元，自建设以来累计向项目注入16亿 元，为项目推进提供了有力的资金保障。 今年以来，金融对实体经济的有效支持直接反映在金融数据上。一季 ...

Core Viewpoint - The visit of the Kenyan United Democratic Alliance Secretary-General Omar to China highlights the interest in learning from China's poverty alleviation strategies and governance practices, particularly through the lens of Xi Jinping's book "Escaping Poverty" [1][5]. Group 1: Key Insights from the Visit - Omar expressed a desire to obtain an English version of Xi Jinping's book "Escaping Poverty" to better understand China's poverty alleviation efforts [1]. - The visit included a comprehensive exchange of experiences between the Kenyan delegation and Chinese officials, focusing on governance and party-building practices [3][5]. - The delegation comprised 16 members from various functional departments of the United Democratic Alliance, indicating a broad interest in learning from China's political and governance models [3]. Group 2: Observations on Governance and Discipline - Members of the Kenyan delegation noted the strong discipline within the Chinese Communist Party, which they believe is crucial for the development of their own party [5]. - The delegation showed interest in the training experiences of the Chinese Communist Party, with hopes of establishing a similar party school in Kenya [5]. - Omar remarked on the vitality of China under Xi Jinping's leadership, emphasizing the importance of visionary leadership and governance for the people [5][6].

我明确给了大家一则箴言：保持定力，坚守能力圈，放眼长期。什么意思呢？就是希望大家不要在这种 行情中迷失了自我，忘记了自己的初心。这是非常可悲的。 换算过来，就是不要频繁交易，这山望着那山高。否则，你铁定挨打，而且受伤程度还不轻。 上周，因为贸易摩擦等因素的影响，A股出现了大落小起的走势，很多人倒霉，也有人开心。 上周二、三慢慢进场之后，我的内心十分平静，并且告诉大家，耐心等待种子变大即可，不要慌里慌张 的。 连续几天都是笑哈哈！ 板块上： 第一：内循环板块持续上涨 今天打开软件，整车、家具、零售、自贸区等内循环板块持续上攻，对于国际贸易摩擦开始免疫了。 指数虽然大涨，但银行、证券涨了个寂寞，尤其是证券，明明是风向标板块，却搞成了反面教材。 人只有坚守自己的能力圈，赚自己看得懂的钱才能够持久。但上周的大幅波动，对于绝大多数散户来 说，就是致命的诱惑。 倘若你无法坚守自己的能力圈，那么被揍只是早晚的事情。 周末多个巨头也发布了协助外贸企业转内销的重大利好消息，助力经济转型。这都是前所有为的动作， 也是对经济的利好。 不过，我认为本质还是提高大家的收入，让大家有足够的实力消费。 第二：银行证券不是很给力 最后再重复 ...

Group 1 - The domestic housing market has entered a long-term adjustment trend since 2022, with average housing prices expected to drop by 30% by March 2025, affecting both second and first-tier cities [1] - The real estate market is experiencing sluggish sales, with a total unsold residential area reaching 7.5 trillion square meters, indicating significant inventory pressure across various regions [1] Group 2 - Since 2024, the government has implemented several policies to stimulate the housing market, including lifting purchase restrictions in most cities, increasing public housing loan limits, and reducing mortgage rates from over 4% to below 3% [3] - Tax incentives have also been introduced, such as reductions in deed tax and value-added tax, to encourage home purchases [3] Group 3 - The necessity to rescue the housing market stems from its impact on 56 related industries, including construction and furniture, which are crucial for local GDP growth [5] - The real estate sector provides significant employment, with over 13 million employees in real estate companies and millions more in related industries, highlighting the potential job market pressures if the sector fails [5] Group 4 - The real estate market is vital for local government finances, with land transfer fees accounting for 50% of local fiscal revenue and real estate-related taxes making up 35% [7] - A prolonged downturn in the housing market could severely reduce these revenues, affecting government operations, including civil servant salaries and infrastructure projects [7] Group 5 - The fiscal burden on the government includes approximately 80 million people reliant on public funds, with a projected annual salary expenditure of 8 trillion yuan, of which 5 trillion yuan is linked to the real estate sector [9] - Failure to stabilize the housing market could lead to significant salary payment gaps for these public sector employees, emphasizing the urgency of market intervention [9] Group 6 - The ultimate goal of the housing market rescue is not merely to influence price fluctuations but to stabilize prices in the short term, allowing for a transition towards a more diversified economy focused on high-end manufacturing and technology [12] - As part of the recovery efforts, local governments are expected to gradually introduce property taxes to create new revenue streams amid declining land transfer fees [12]

――宏观经济周报 分析师：周喜 SAC NO：S1150511010017 2025 年 4 月 11 日 证券分析师 周喜[Table_IndInvest] 022-28451972 zhouxi@bhzq.com 宏观经济分析报告 5 波动加剧更看政策耐心 宋亦威 [Table_IndInvest] SAC NO：S1150514080001 022-23861608 songyw@bhzq.com 严佩佩 SAC NO：S1150520110001 022-23839070 yanpp@bhzq.com 研究助理 靳沛[Table_I 芃 ndInvest] SAC NO：S1150124030005 022-23839160 jinpp@bhzq.com 风险提示：1.地缘政治风险：全球经贸局势不确定性抬升，或对市场风险 偏好形成扰动。2.经济和政策变化超预期：近来海外经济波动加剧，国内 经济正处于转型阶段，基本面超预期变动易引起相关政策调整。 请务必阅读正文之后的声明 渤海证券股份有限公司具备证券投资咨询业务资格 1 of 7 证 券 研 究 报 宏 观 研 究 告 宏 观 周 报 就外围环境而言， ...

特朗普的第一个任期，于2018年4月初根据301调查结果对中国发出了加征进口关税的威胁。此后，中美 关税摩擦交错升级，美国于2018年7月6日、8月23日、9月24日和2019年9月1日分四批对累计约3700亿美 元中国进口商品加征了10%~25%的关税。 特朗普1.0关税在2018年引发了"抢出口效应"。据中方统计，当年，中国出口（美元口径，下同）增长 9.9%，增速较上年加快2.0个百分点。其中，对美国出口增长10.8%，较出口平均增速高出0.9个百分 点。同期，由于中国进口增长15.8%，快于出口增速，进出口顺差减少16.4%，其中对美贸易顺差增长 16.7%。 文/ 中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛 从2019年的经验看，关税冲击不一定表现为中国整体贸易顺差下降，而 是在顺差可能扩大的情况下，通过出口和进口两个渠道影响或反映中国经 济运行。我们需早做准备，并变压力为动力，加快经济转型和政策调整。 现在外部环境更趋复杂严峻，将倒逼中国加快推进相关改革与调整：一是 加快构建新发展格局；二是转变外贸发展方式；三是强化宏观政策的民生 导向，将外部打压遏制的压力转变成集中精力做好自己事情的动力。 美国政府换届一个 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of boosting consumption in China as a response to external pressures such as the U.S. tariff war, positioning it as a key strategy for economic transformation and sustainable growth [9][30][31]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff War and China's Response - The U.S. has implemented a significant tariff policy, imposing a 34% tariff on Chinese goods, leading to a total of 54% when combined with previous rates, which is expected to decrease global trade volume by 5% and negatively impact U.S. economic growth by 0.8% [11][12]. - In response, China has announced countermeasures, including additional tariffs on U.S. imports, while emphasizing the need to maintain its legitimate rights and promote high-level opening-up [12][30]. Group 2: Importance of Consumption in China's Economy - Consumption is identified as the starting and ending point of economic circulation, with current issues stemming from insufficient consumer spending, which is low in GDP contribution [15][30]. - The Chinese government has prioritized boosting consumption as a core economic task, aiming to stimulate domestic demand and transition from an investment-driven to a consumption-driven economy [14][16]. Group 3: Strategies to Counteract Tariff Impacts - A proposed strategy includes issuing over 1 trillion yuan in universal consumption vouchers and significantly lowering interest rates to stimulate consumer spending and improve living standards [18][19]. - The issuance of consumption vouchers is highlighted as an effective short-term measure to directly increase disposable income and stimulate demand, with a multiplier effect greater than traditional infrastructure investments [18][30]. Group 4: Long-term Economic Transformation - The article outlines several long-term strategies for economic transformation, including shifting fiscal policy from infrastructure investment to social welfare support, innovating monetary policy to promote consumption, and reforming income distribution to enhance disposable income [23][24][25]. - It stresses the need for structural changes in the economy to create new demand and support the growth of the private sector, which is crucial for driving consumption [26][27]. Group 5: Consumption Prosperity Plan - The proposed consumption prosperity plan should amount to 10-15% of GDP, translating to a scale of 10-15 trillion yuan over three years, aimed at stimulating economic activity without specifying usage [28][30]. - Improving social security for low-income groups is essential to enhance their consumption propensity, thereby contributing to overall economic growth [29][30].