在不确定性因素增多背景下，财政政策必须加力发挥逆周期调节作用，持续加大支出强度、加快支出进 度，让政策发挥最大效能。 在更加积极的财政政策导向下，今年一季度虽然财政收入承压，但财政支出强度与进度实现双提升。财 政部数据显示，一季度一般公共预算收入同比下降1.1%，但支出增长4.2%；政府性基金预算收入同比 下降11%，但支出增长11.1%；一般公共预算完成全年支出进度的24.5%，高于过去5年同期平均水平。 从结构上看，一季度社会保障和就业支出增长7.9%、教育支出增长7.8%，重点领域支出增速远超整体 水平。可见，在财政紧平衡趋势下，积极财政前置发力的态势明显，关键领域投入力度不减。 今年一季度支出强度大、进度快，体现了财政政策更加积极、主动靠前发力取向，有力促进了经济向新 向好。一季度GDP同比增长5.4%，消费投资继续改善，就业形势总体稳定，新质生产力成长壮大。其 中，大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新政策继续显效，一季度社会消费品零售总额同比增长4.6%，设 备工器具购置投资同比增长19%。投资方面，一季度固定资产投资同比增长4.2%，比上年加快1个百分 点，其中，基础设施投资增长5.8%，制造业投资增长 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rapid increase in local government bond issuance in 2025 is aimed at stabilizing the economy, mitigating risks, and funding major projects, debt repayment, and supporting the real estate market [1][2]. Group 1: Bond Issuance Overview - In the first four months of 2025, local government bonds issued totaled approximately 35,354 billion yuan, marking an 84% year-on-year increase, the highest in recent years [1][2]. - The bond issuance is categorized into new bonds and refinancing bonds, with new bonds accounting for about 15,000 billion yuan (54% increase) and refinancing bonds around 20,000 billion yuan (116% increase) [2][3]. Group 2: Economic Context - The surge in bond issuance is linked to the current macroeconomic environment, characterized by insufficient domestic demand and complex external conditions, necessitating local governments to raise funds to counter risks and stimulate economic growth [2][3]. - The issuance of refinancing bonds has doubled this year, primarily to replace hidden debts, with approximately 16,000 billion yuan of refinancing bonds used for debt repayment in the first four months [2][3]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The Ministry of Finance indicated that the average interest rate on the 20,000 billion yuan of debt replacement bonds issued in 2024 has decreased by over 2.5 percentage points, leading to a projected reduction in interest expenses by over 200 billion yuan over five years [4]. - The government aims to enhance the transparency of local debt and improve debt management, which is expected to free up more financial resources for local governments and stimulate economic activity [4][5]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Experts predict that the issuance of special bonds will accelerate, with local governments expected to complete their annual bond issuance by the end of June [8][9]. - The overall increase in local government bond issuance is anticipated to create space for new policies in the second half of the year, potentially including the issuance of additional government bonds to support employment and livelihoods [10].

宏观•要闻 《民营经济促进法》出台 4月30日，十四届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过《民营经济促进法》出台，自2025年5月20日起 施行。民促法是我国首部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，从"公平竞争""投资融资促进""科技创 新"，到"规范经营""服务保障""权益保护"，民促法对民营企业发展中的重点关切予以积极回应。 商务部新闻发言人就中美经贸对话磋商情况答记者问 5月2日，商务部回应中美经贸对话磋商情况称，中方注意到美方高层多次表态，表示愿与中方就关税问 题进行谈判。同时，美方近期通过相关方面多次主动向中方传递信息，希望与中方谈起来。对此，中方 正在进行评估。 蓝佛安：更加积极财政政策的科学设计与成功实践 5月1日出版的最新一期《求是》杂志，刊发财政部党组书记、部长蓝佛安的署名文章《更加积极财政政 策的科学设计与成功实践》，传递出积极财政政策设计的丰富内容和实施重点。文章指出，2024年出台 的一批有针对性的财政增量政策，是我国财政宏观调控史上的一次重大创新。具体包括一次性增加6万 亿元地方专项债务限额置换存量隐性债务，加力支持地方化解债务风险；研究发行特别国债支持国有大 型商业银行补充核心一级资本 ...

Group 1 - The "Private Economy Promotion Law" was passed, marking the first foundational law specifically for the development of the private economy in China, effective from May 20, 2025. It addresses key concerns such as "fair competition," "investment and financing promotion," "technological innovation," "business regulation," "service guarantee," and "rights protection" for private enterprises [1] Group 2 - The Ministry of Commerce noted that the U.S. has expressed willingness to negotiate on tariff issues, and China is currently evaluating this situation [2] Group 3 - A new proactive fiscal policy is set to be introduced in 2024, including a one-time increase of 6 trillion yuan in local special bond limits to replace hidden debts, issuance of special government bonds to support state-owned banks, and measures to stabilize the real estate market [3] Group 4 - In April, the manufacturing PMI fell to 49.0%, a decrease of 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, while the non-manufacturing PMI remained in the expansion zone at 50.4% [4] Group 5 - The U.S. President announced a 100% tariff on all films produced abroad entering the U.S., indicating a significant trade policy shift [5] Group 6 - U.S. non-farm payrolls increased by 177,000 in April, exceeding market expectations, while the unemployment rate remained stable at 4.2%. This led to a decrease in market expectations for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve [6] Group 7 - Global risk assets saw a comprehensive rise, with the Hang Seng Tech Index leading with a 3.1% increase, indicating a recovery trend in Chinese assets [7] Group 8 - The Hong Kong Monetary Authority intervened by purchasing 46.539 billion HKD in U.S. dollars to maintain the currency peg, marking its first intervention in five years [8] Group 9 - The Hong Kong Monetary Authority attributed the recent strength of the Hong Kong dollar to increased demand related to stock investments and the appreciation of several regional currencies against the U.S. dollar [9] Group 10 - Berkshire Hathaway's annual shareholder meeting addressed trade policies and investment strategies, emphasizing the importance of global trade [10] Group 11 - New energy vehicle companies reported significant growth in April deliveries, with XPeng Motors seeing a 273% year-on-year increase [11] Group 12 - Travel booking platform Fliggy reported an over 80% increase in customized travel bookings for the May Day holiday, indicating a shift towards more personalized travel experiences [12] Group 13 - OPEC+ announced an increase in production by 411,000 barrels per day starting in June, reflecting a response to current market conditions [13] Group 14 - Upcoming new stock offerings include three companies, with specific details on their subscription codes [14] Group 15 - CITIC Securities indicated that risk appetite is expected to rise in May, focusing on themes related to technology and consumption [15] Group 16 - Zhongtai Securities highlighted that opportunities in May will be more pronounced in technology, consumption, and certain cyclical sectors, suggesting a focus on improving performance and policy support [16]

地方发债快增 在地方财政收支矛盾较大的背景下，地方政府投资建设重大项目等愈加依赖举债，而举债的合法途径基 本就是发行地方政府债券。 随着前期2万亿元化债额度发行近尾声，在中央部署下，以及应对关税战冲击财政政策靠前发力，专家 普遍认为后续新增专项债发行将提速。 为稳经济、防风险，地方政府加快发行债券筹资，将资金投向重大项目建设、偿还隐性债务、支持楼市 稳定和消化拖欠企业账款等。 根据财政部、中国债券信息网等数据，2025年前4个月，全国发行地方政府债券合计约35354亿元，同比 增长约84%。无论是发债规模还是增速均创近年同期新高。 为何今年以来地方政府发债规模急剧增长？这笔巨额资金花哪儿了？影响几何？近期召开的中共中央政 治局会议要求，加快地方政府专项债券、超长期特别国债等发行使用。未来专项债发行将有何变化？是 否会增加额度？ 地方政府债券按用途分为新增债券和再融资债券。新增债券资金主要用于基础设施等重大项目、民生项 目等建设，而再融资债券主要用于偿还到期地方政府债券本金或置换隐性债务等，即"借新还旧"。 根据前述公开数据，今年前4个月全国发行的约3.5万亿元地方政府债券中，新增债券约1.5万亿元，同比 增长 ...

热点 聚焦 蓝佛安：财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱 01 5月1日出版的最新一期《求是》杂志，刊发财政部党组书记、部长蓝佛安的署名文 章《更加积极财政政策的科学设计与成功实践》，传递出积极财政政策设计的丰富 内容和实施重点。蓝佛安表示，财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱。新时代以来， 面对错综复杂的国内外发展环境，习近平总书记高度重视财政工作，为财政工作定 调指向，亲自决策、亲自部署一系列重大财政政策，有力促进了经济稳定运行，维 护了社会大局稳定。新时代我国财政政策的设计与实践，是习近平经济思想在财政 领域的生动体现。在财政政策实践中，我们深刻体会到，坚持以习近平经济思想为 指引，坚决贯彻落实好党中央决策部署，我国经济发展就没有迈不过去的坎、闯不 过去的关，必须加力实施更加积极的财政政策，推动中国经济巨轮破浪前行。 《清华金融评论》观察 蓝佛安部长强调"财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱"，这一表态体现了以下核心内涵 和政策方向：一是财政的全局性作用。财政不仅是经济调控工具，更是国家治理体系 的关键。此外财政是应对复杂挑战的"压舱石"。二是当前政策发力重点。财政政策可 提振民生与消费。财政可助力风险防范与改革深化。三 ...

2025.05. 05 本文字数：2241，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 陈益刊 美国近期单方加征关税，尤其是对中国加征畸高关税，对全球经济造成严重冲击。为了应对外部冲击 影响加大等情况，不久前中共中央政治局会议对经济工作作出部署，其中包括用好用足更加积极的财 政政策。 "财政部门要深入贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神和今年《政府工作报告》部署，聚焦高质量发展关 键领域、薄弱环节，加强财税政策支持和资金保障，精准施策、持续用力，充分释放财政政策效 能。"蓝佛安称。 根据上述文章，财政部门下一步深入实施财政政策发力点，主要在七大方面，即大力提振消费；积极 扩大有效投资；加快培育发展新质生产力；加强对企业的纾困支持；加大保障和改善民生力度；支持 城乡区域融合发展和防范化解重点领域风险。 除了落实好已有更加积极财政政策外，财政增量政策也颇受关注。 蓝佛安还在文中强调，为应对可能出现的冲击，财政始终留有后手。政府有较大举债空间。 "充足的储备工具，巨大的政策空间，特别是在实践中形成的财政宏观调控科学方法论，是我们做好 当前财政工作的信心和底气所在。"蓝佛安说。 为应对潜在冲击，今年全国两会期间中国推出了力度更大 ...

五一假期影响市场的重要资讯有：人民币、港币汇率大幅走强，香港金管局时隔五年首次购入美元以维 持联系汇率制度；全球避险资产整体回落，其中COMEX黄金下跌2.6%，10年期美债利率上行14BP；欧 盟希望以购买更多美国商品的方式结束关税战；日美进行第二轮关税谈判，暂未达成关税共识；美国对 加拿大及墨西哥汽车零部件免关税；"五一"假期出行活跃，短途客流增长明显；蓝佛安发文解读2024财 政新政；特朗普对国外电影征收100%的关税；欧佩克+6月将增产41.1万桶/日；胡塞武装首次成功袭击 机场致航班停运；伯克希尔·哈撒韦年度股东大会召开；小米汽车将智驾更名为辅助驾驶；飞猪："五 一"定制游预订量大增超80%。 市场表现： （一）全球风险资产全面上涨，恒生科技指数领涨 五一假期期间，全球风险资产延续修复行情，其中中国资产领涨，恒生科技指数上涨3.1%，纳斯达克 中国金龙指数上涨2.7%，恒生指数上涨1.7%，富时中国A50期货上涨0.3%。美股方面，三大指数整体上 涨，纳斯达克指数上涨3.0%、标普500指数上涨2.3%、道琼斯工业指数上涨1.9%，其中纳指与标普500 已修复4月2日以来全部跌幅。 欧洲方面，德国D ...

Company Performance - Berkshire Hathaway reported a net profit of $4.603 billion for Q1 2025, down from $12.702 billion in the same period last year [2] - The company's revenue for Q1 2025 was $89.725 billion, slightly down from $89.869 billion year-on-year [2] - Berkshire Hathaway experienced an investment net loss of $5.038 billion in Q1 2025, compared to a profit of $1.48 billion in the previous year [2] - As of March 31, 2025, the company's cash position reached a record high of $347.7 billion [2] - 69% of the total fair value of equity investments is concentrated in American Express, Apple, Bank of America, Chevron, and Coca-Cola [2] Investment Trends - The Hong Kong Monetary Authority bought $6.005 billion in US dollars for the first time in five years, injecting HKD 46.539 billion into the market [4] - As of May 2, 2025, 21 brokerage firms have released their stock recommendations, totaling 208 recommendations across 167 A-shares [4] - The top recommended stocks include Haida Group, Gree Electric Appliances, and Dongpeng Beverage, with 5, 4, and 4 recommendations respectively [4] - By April 30, 2025, 5,399 listed companies had disclosed their Q1 reports, with 603 companies having social security funds among their top ten circulating shareholders [5] Economic Indicators - As of the end of March, the number of participants in basic pension, unemployment, and work injury insurance reached 1.071 billion, 244 million, and 297 million respectively, showing year-on-year increases of 4.42 million, 2.56 million, and 2.71 million [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a more proactive fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy and enhancing social welfare, guided by Xi Jinping's economic thought [2][3]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy Effectiveness - In 2024, a series of incremental fiscal policies were implemented, leading to a noticeable economic rebound and increased social confidence, particularly during the second and third quarters [3][4]. - A one-time increase of 6 trillion yuan in local special bond limits was executed to replace hidden debts, with the 2024 replacement quota fully issued and over 70% of the 2025 quota completed, resulting in an average interest rate reduction of over 2.5% [4]. - The introduction of special government bonds to support state-owned banks in enhancing their core capital is aimed at improving their ability to serve the real economy [4]. Group 2: Support for Key Sectors - The government has intensified support for the real estate market through tax incentives and special bonds, leading to signs of stabilization in the housing sector [5]. - A significant adjustment in student aid policies has been made, benefiting over 34 million students, alongside direct financial assistance to over 11 million vulnerable individuals [6]. - The GDP growth rate for the last quarter of the previous year was 5.4%, with a total GDP of 134.9 trillion yuan, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [6]. Group 3: Strategic Fiscal Management - The design and implementation of fiscal policies reflect the central government's strategic thinking, emphasizing a systematic approach to balancing multiple objectives such as growth, structural adjustment, and risk prevention [7][8]. - The government is focusing on precise measures to address key economic challenges, particularly in local government debt management, to foster new growth points [8]. - The fiscal policy aims to enhance macroeconomic control by increasing the deficit ratio to 4% and raising the fiscal budget to 5.66 trillion yuan, the highest in recent years [11][12]. Group 4: Investment and Consumption Promotion - The government is committed to boosting consumption through substantial fiscal measures, including a 300 billion yuan allocation for consumer subsidies [14]. - Effective investment strategies are being employed, with a focus on both physical and human capital, including the issuance of long-term special bonds to support infrastructure and equipment upgrades [15]. - Increased funding for scientific research and technology is prioritized, with a 10% rise in central government technology spending compared to the previous year [15]. Group 5: Social Welfare and Regional Development - The fiscal strategy includes enhancing social welfare by increasing funding for education, healthcare, and social security, with a focus on improving living standards [17]. - Support for rural development and agricultural policies is being strengthened to ensure food security and promote rural revitalization [18]. - The government is actively working to mitigate risks in key sectors, particularly in local government debt management and the real estate market [18].