文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 袁玲玲（微信 Yuen43） 报告摘要 近一周，扩内需信号进一步明确，主要涉及就业、地产、股市、服务消费等。 1 、高层定调：总理在三次会议或调研上，均高度关注经济问题。 1 ） 4 月 15 日， 总理在北京调研 消费及地产相关内容。 2 ） 4 月 17 日， 总理主持国务院专题学习，以预期管理为主题，提出要"要 讲究政策时机，在一些关键的时间窗口，推动各方面政策措施早出手、快出手，对预期形成积极影 响。 要把握政策力度，必要时敢于打破常规 "。 3 ） 4 月 18 日，总理主持召开国常会，研究稳就业 稳经济问题。提出要" 锚定经济社会发展目标 ，加大逆周期调节力度"。 2 、股市楼市： 1 ） 4 月 15 日 ，总理在北京调研时提出，"当前和今后一个时期，我国房地产市场 仍有很大的发展空间"。 2 ） 4 月 18 日， 总理主持召开国常会，"要持续稳定股市，持续推动房地产 市场平稳健康发展"。 3 、消费及就业 ： 1 ） 4 月 18 日， 总理主持召开国常 ...

2025 年 4 月 21 日星期一 地址： 电话： 重庆市江北区金沙门路 32 号 23 层； 023-67070250 上海市浦东新区向城路 288 号 1101A； 021-61101856 1 市场有风险 投资需谨慎 | 对二甲苯 | PX： | 11 | | --- | --- | --- | | PTA： | | 12 | | 乙二醇： | | 12 | | 短纤： | | 13 | | 瓶片： | | 13 | | 纯碱： | | 14 | | 玻璃： | | 14 | | 烧碱： | | 14 | | 纸浆： | | 15 | | 碳酸锂： | | 16 | | 铜： | | 16 | | --- | --- | --- | | 锡： | | 17 | | 镍： | | 17 | | 工业硅/多晶硅： | | 17 | | 豆油、豆粕： | | 18 | | 棕榈油： | | 19 | | 菜粕、菜油： | | 19 | | 棉花： | | 20 | | 白糖： | | 21 | | 苹果： | | 22 | | 生猪： | | 22 | | 鸡蛋： | | 23 | | 玉米： | | 24 ...

Core Viewpoint - Service consumption is a key focus of policies aimed at boosting domestic demand, with significant growth potential in both supply and demand sides, particularly in the tourism and cultural industry [1][2][3] Group 1: Service Consumption Policies - The Ministry of Commerce and nine other departments have issued a "Service Consumption Quality Improvement Action Plan for 2025," outlining 48 specific measures across various sectors including dining, accommodation, health, and tourism [2] - The government's frequent issuance of work plans to support service consumption has enhanced market expectations for policy support [2] Group 2: Tourism and Cultural Industry - The tourism and cultural industry is characterized by its large capacity, broad scope, high resilience, and strong driving force, making it a significant area for potential subsidies to stimulate consumption [3] - Historical data indicates that tourism consumption subsidies can have a multiplier effect, with ratios ranging from 1:4 to 1:5, and in some cases, as high as 1:12 [3] Group 3: Beneficiary Sectors - Key sectors expected to benefit from the "old-for-new" policy include platforms, transportation, accommodation, scenic spots, and dining [4][5] - Past consumption voucher distributions show that hotel accommodation typically accounts for 20%-40%, scenic spot tickets for 15%-30%, and transportation for 5%-20% of total subsidies [5] Group 4: Investment Strategy - With the government's clear direction to stimulate domestic demand, there is an expectation of continued policy support for service consumption [7] - The upcoming May Day holiday is projected to maintain high passenger traffic growth, with airline ticket prices expected to turn positive, indicating a significant holiday effect [7]

点击小程序查看报告原文 提振内需的必要性与政策实施的有效性正在提升 外部冲击之下，"扩内需"必要性进一步提升。 美国近期实施的关税政策力度远超预期，扰动全球贸易秩序，加剧全球经济放缓风险。中美贸易摩擦动态 演绎，截至4月16日，中国出口美国的个别商品累计各种名目的关税已达到245%[1]。在此背景下，我国政府迅速采取针对性措施，包括对等关税、出口管 制、反倾销调查、WTO诉讼等[2]，维护多边贸易。与此同时，在外部尤其贸易前景尚不明朗的背景下，更为积极地实施内需刺激政策必要性提升，以国 内增长确定性应对外部环境的不确定性。 当前时点"扩内需"的效果或优于以往。第一，从政策空间来看， 近期公布的物价数据显示，CPI同比2月起再次进入负增长区间，PPI同比持续低位运行， 通胀低位为货币宽松和财政刺激提供了更大操作空间。 第二，从政策目标来看， 扩大内需是去年底经济工作会议以及两会明确的首要任务[3]。特别地， 2024年地方政府债务置换计划落地后，地方偿债压力缓解，为新增投资及民生支出释放财政空间，地方政府配合中央逆周期调控的能力和意愿增强。 第 三，私人部门信心逐步企稳。 3月统计局公布的商品房销售面积、销售金 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand and creating more consumption scenarios to continuously release consumption potential, highlighting the need for high-quality supply to create effective demand [1][2]. Group 1: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The relationship between consumption stagnation and supply not meeting demand is noted, with a structural contradiction of excess low-end supply and insufficient high-quality supply [2]. - The article points out that while the consumption structure in China has been optimizing, there is still a significant need for innovation in products and services to meet the evolving consumer demands [2]. Group 2: Consumer Behavior and Market Trends - As residents' income levels rise, there is a shift towards development-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and quality-oriented consumption, indicating a need for deeper exploration of these demands [2]. - The first quarter of this year saw a 5.4% year-on-year increase in per capita service consumption expenditure, which accounted for 43.4% of total per capita consumption expenditure, suggesting a shift towards service consumption as a primary development direction [3]. Group 3: Policy and Support for Innovation - The article mentions the issuance of the "Special Action Plan to Boost Consumption" by the Central and State Offices, which aims to enhance consumption capacity through income increases and burden reductions [1]. - It highlights the necessity for enterprises to innovate in products and services to enhance competitiveness, with a call for supportive measures from relevant departments, especially for private and small enterprises [2]. Group 4: Future Directions for Consumption - The need to cultivate a complete internal demand system is emphasized, with a focus on both enhancing traditional consumption and fostering new types of consumption [3]. - The article advocates for the promotion of green and low-carbon consumption, aiming for a positive interaction between supply upgrades and consumption upgrades through targeted policies [3].

Economic Overview - The first quarter of 2025 showed a good economic start, with March export data exceeding expectations, driven by a "rush to export" effect, leading to a year-on-year export growth rate of 12.4%[6] - Core economic indicators such as consumption, investment, and real estate showed significant improvement, primarily due to the effectiveness of growth stabilization policies[6] - Fixed asset investment grew by 4.3% year-on-year, with manufacturing and infrastructure investment being the main drivers[6] Trade and Policy Implications - The recent trade conflict that erupted in early April did not impact the first quarter's economic performance; instead, the "rush to export" provided some support[7] - The upcoming April Politburo meeting is expected to focus on macroeconomic policies aimed at stabilizing growth, with a high probability of further policy implementation[7] Domestic Demand Expansion - Expanding domestic demand is identified as the government's primary task for 2025, with a focus on childcare subsidies, real estate, and tourism[8] - Recent policies include increased childcare subsidies and support for the real estate market, indicating a commitment to releasing market potential[8] Market Expectations - Since late February, market expectations for the 2025 performance of the Wind All A Index have weakened, with the consensus forecast for net profit declining from CNY 66,149.50 billion to CNY 63,991.29 billion, a drop of 3.26%[10] - This decline reflects a market reassessment of the U.S. government's trade stance towards China, particularly following tariff increases[10] Market Performance - The Shanghai Composite Index increased by 1.19%, while the CSI 300 rose by 0.59%, indicating a stronger performance compared to other indices like the ChiNext and the CSI 500, which saw declines[5] - The overall A-share market's price-to-earnings ratio is currently at 17.95, up by 1.02% from the previous week[5]

中信建投指出，我国积极推行消费扩内需政策，近两年多项政策已取得一定成效，如"两新"政策推动设 备更新和消费品以旧换新，创新消费场景带动文旅等消费增长。然而，美国特朗普政府4月以来对中国 逐级加征高额关税，关税节奏与力度远超预期，严重冲击我国出口贸易。在此背景下，我国今年消费实 现大幅增长既是应对外部冲击的必然选择，也将成为稳定经济基本盘的关键抓手，后续国内消费扩内需 政策大概率会继续加码。 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 贺骁束 hexiaoshu@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 工业部门开工率同比涨跌互现，其中钢铁、焦化等内需链仍偏强，纺服产业链相关的江浙织机开工率 有一定放缓迹象，有待后续继续观察确认。截至4月第三周，全国247家高炉开工率（期末值，下同）同比增 长3.0pct；焦化企业开工率同比增长6.8pct。苯乙烯开工率同比增长0.6pct；PTA江浙织机负荷率同比回落 8.1pct，环比回落5.0pct；涤纶长丝江浙织机开工率同比回落16.4pct，环比回落7.7pct；山东地炼开工率 同比回落6.3pct；PVC开工率同比增长0.5pct。汽车半钢胎开工率同比回落2.6pct，全钢胎开工率同比增长 1.9pct。 第二， 中电联口径，截至4月10日纳入统计的发电集团燃煤电厂本月累计发电量同比下降6.4%。这一数据和 3月大致相当，今年3月1-27日同一口径燃煤发电量同比回落6.7%。近年来新能源发电占比迅速提升，火电 对经济的代表性下降，如一季度统计局口径火电、风电、太阳能发电同比增长分别为-4.7%、9.3%、 19.5%，所以燃煤发电数据只有同口径对比的意义。 ...

Investment Rating - The industry is rated as "outperforming the market," indicating an expected relative increase of over 10% compared to the broader market index in the next six months [44]. Core Insights - In March 2025, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 40,940 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.9%, marking a 1.9 percentage point increase from the growth rate in January-February 2025 [11][12]. - The growth in retail sales is attributed to the recovery in both goods retail and catering income, with goods retail growing by 5.9% and catering income by 5.6% compared to the previous months [12][14]. - The online retail sales for the first three months of 2025 totaled 36,242 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 7.9%, which is a significant recovery from a decline of 4.5% in the same period of 2024 [35][37]. Summary by Sections Overall Performance - The total retail sales in March 2025 showed a year-on-year increase of 5.9%, with a notable recovery from the previous months [11][12]. - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) recorded a year-on-year decrease of 0.1%, improving from a decline of 0.7% in February [11][15]. Segment Analysis - Most consumer goods experienced a rebound in growth, particularly in categories such as home appliances, audio-visual equipment, cultural office supplies, furniture, communication equipment, and sports entertainment products [2][20]. - Essential categories like grain and oil food saw a significant increase of 13.8%, while daily necessities grew by 8.8% [16][17]. - Among optional categories, home appliances surged by 35.1%, furniture by 29.5%, and communication equipment by 28.6%, indicating strong consumer demand [20][23]. Online Retail Performance - The online retail sales for the first quarter of 2025 reached 36,242 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 7.9%, accounting for 29.07% of total retail sales [35][37]. - The physical goods online retail sales amounted to 29,948 billion yuan, growing by 5.7%, with food items seeing a notable increase of 14.0% [35][41]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on sectors such as food and beverage, particularly the white liquor industry, which is expected to recover due to economic stimulus policies and pent-up demand from events like weddings [39][42]. - The consumer services sector is highlighted as a key area for growth, with tourism and education benefiting from policy support [39][42]. - In the retail sector, gold and jewelry are recommended due to their appeal as safe-haven assets amid global trade uncertainties [39][42].

智通财经APP获悉，开源证券发布研报称，2025年3月社零数据增速环比回升，主要系"以旧换新"政策 扩大范围以及居民消费信心修复。展望2025年随着中美关税冲击影响，预计后续扩内需政策有望显著加 力，大力提振国内消费需求，食品饮料板块有望受益。细分板块看，白酒行业基本处于自身周期底部位 置，后续大概率是平稳上行，进入中长期布局时点。大众品方面，看好具有渠道改革与海外市场扩张红 利的零食板块;建议关注餐饮复苏下啤酒行业的改善;此外建议关注具备生育政策概念催化、原奶价格平 衡点有望加速到来的乳制品行业。 开源证券主要观点如下： 观测季度数据变化情况，2025Q1社会消费品零售总额同比+4.6%，增速环比2024Q4提升0.6pct，居民消 费处于持续改善阶段。2025Q1餐饮及限额以上餐饮收入同比分别+4.7%和+4.7%，增速环比2024Q4分别 +1.5pct和+3.2pct，一季度受益于消费需求改善，餐饮消费增速有所提升。2025Q1粮油食品类、饮料 类、烟酒类同比分别+12.2%、-0.5%、+6.3%，增速环比2024Q4分别+2.3pct、+4.1pct、+3.5pct，粮油食 品保持较高增速，饮料类 ...