Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The overall finished steel is supported by raw material costs, with gradually improving profits. The market may pre - trade market expectations, and steel prices are expected to fluctuate moderately. The operating range of rebar may be between 3000 - 3300, and that of hot - rolled coil between 3200 - 3500. Attention should be paid to the destocking speed of steel and downstream consumption [3]. - Steel demand has entered the off - season, and steel mills have actively carried out maintenance and production cuts. After the reduction in steel production, steel inventory has been destocked, and the contradictions in the industrial chain have been alleviated. The price of coking coal has generally declined, benefiting steel mills, and the profits of steel mills have recently increased. Steel mills now have the space and motivation for new production increases. Steel currently has low raw material inventory and has the demand for winter storage replenishment. With the approaching of the Fed's interest - rate meeting and the Central Economic Work Conference, macro - expectations provide support, and the short - term price decline space is limited [21]. - For coking coal, the marginal change in supply is limited, but the profits of terminal steel mills are under pressure, and the production of hot metal has been continuously reduced. The supply and demand of coking coal have turned into a slight surplus. Coking enterprises are actively controlling the raw material procurement rhythm due to the expected price cuts, and the inventory pressure on upstream mines is becoming apparent. Short - term coal prices will still be under pressure. For coke, as the cost of coking coal has decreased, the immediate coking profit has recovered, and the subsequent coke supply is expected to increase. As the coking enterprises' production gradually resumes, coke may face inventory accumulation pressure. Attention should be paid to the price - cut rhythm of mainstream steel mills. Considering that the futures market has already priced in 4 - 5 rounds of price cuts in advance, the spot price of coke may face more than 2 rounds of price - cut pressure [31]. - Ferroalloys face the fundamentals of high inventory and weak demand. The cost center may decline due to the impact of coking coal supply guarantee, but the supply side maintains the trend of production cuts, so the downward space for ferroalloys is limited, and they are expected to fluctuate weakly. Recently, the price of finished steel has been relatively strong, and the market may pre - hype market expectations, driving the rebound of ferroalloys. However, due to the weak fundamentals of ferroalloys themselves, they may return to their own fundamentals after the rebound [47]. - Soda ash is mainly priced based on cost. Although the cost - side expectation is firm, the valuation has no upward elasticity without a trend - based production cut. The cold repair of glass has accelerated, and the expected rigid demand for soda ash has further weakened. The expectation of maintaining a high - level supply of soda ash in the medium and long term remains unchanged. Photovoltaic glass has started inventory accumulation at a low level, and the daily melting volume is relatively stable, and the balance of heavy soda ash continues to be in surplus. In October, the export of soda ash exceeded 210,000 tons, remaining at a high level, which continues to relieve the domestic pressure to a certain extent. The high - level inventory in the upstream and mid - stream restricts the price of soda ash [61]. - In December, the expectation of cold repair of glass production lines has resurfaced, and the implementation situation is to be determined, which will definitely affect the far - month pricing and market expectations. However, the near - month 01 contract will still follow the reality (delivery logic), and the key lies in the spot price in Hubei and the expectation of warehouse receipts. In reality, with the recent acceleration of cold repair and the expected further decline in daily melting volume, but the terminal has entered the off - season, and the inventory of futures, cash, and traders in Shahe and Hubei remains at a high level, so there is still pressure on the spot price. The degree of inventory destocking in the mid - stream should be observed [84]. Summary by Related Catalogs Steel - **Prices and Spreads** - On December 5, 2025, the closing prices of rebar 01, 05, and 10 contracts were 3137, 3157, and 3192 respectively, and those of hot - rolled coil 01, 05, and 10 contracts were 3312, 3320, and 3329 respectively [4]. - The spot prices of rebar and hot - rolled coil in different regions showed slight changes on December 5, 2025. For example, the aggregated price of rebar in China was 3326 yuan/ton, and that of hot - rolled coil in Shanghai was 3300 yuan/ton [9][11]. - The 01 - 05, 05 - 10, and 10 - 01 month - spreads of rebar and hot - rolled coil also changed compared with the previous day [4]. - The 01, 05, and 10 contract ratios of rebar to iron ore and coke remained unchanged at 4 and 2 respectively on December 5, 2025 [18]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of rebar and hot - rolled coil's futures prices, month - spreads, and basis were provided [5][6][7]. Iron Ore - **Prices and Spreads** - On December 5, 2025, the closing prices of iron ore 01, 05, and 09 contracts were 785.5, 769, and 744 respectively, with daily changes of - 9, - 8, and - 9 respectively [22]. - The basis of iron ore 01, 05, and 09 contracts and the prices of different iron ore varieties in Rizhao also showed certain changes [22]. - **Fundamentals** - On December 5, 2025, the daily average hot - metal production was 232.3 tons, a weekly decrease of 2.38 tons and a monthly decrease of 1.92 tons. The 45 - port desulfurization volume was 318.45 tons, a weekly decrease of 12.13 tons and a monthly decrease of 2.48 tons. Other indicators such as global shipping volume, 45 - port inventory, and 247 - steel - mill inventory also changed [25]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of iron ore's futures month - spreads and basis were provided [23][24]. Coking Coal and Coke - **Prices and Spreads** - The month - spreads of coking coal and coke, such as 09 - 01, 05 - 09, and 01 - 05, showed different degrees of changes on December 5, 2025. The immediate coking profit, main mine - coke ratio, main rebar - coke ratio, and main coke - coal ratio also changed [35]. - The spot prices of coking coal and coke in different regions and different types showed certain fluctuations on December 5, 2025 [38]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of coking coal and coke's futures month - spreads, basis, and coking profit were provided [40][41][42]. Ferroalloys - **Silicon Iron** - On December 5, 2025, the silicon - iron basis in Ningxia was - 24, with a daily increase of 72. The 01 - 05, 05 - 09, and 09 - 01 month - spreads also changed. The spot prices of silicon iron in different regions remained relatively stable, and indicators such as the price of semi - coke small materials and the price of thermal coal also showed certain changes [48]. - **Silicon Manganese** - On December 5, 2025, the silicon - manganese basis in Inner Mongolia was 122, with a daily increase of 38. The 01 - 05, 05 - 09, and 09 - 01 month - spreads changed. The spot prices of silicon manganese in different regions increased slightly, and the prices of different ores and the inventory of silicon manganese also changed [49][50]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of silicon - iron and silicon - manganese's production costs, profits, month - spreads, and basis were provided [51][52][53]. Soda Ash - **Prices and Spreads** - On December 5, 2025, the closing prices of soda ash 05, 09, and 01 contracts were 1213, 1275, and 1137 respectively, with daily changes of - 19, - 19, and - 25 respectively. The month - spreads (5 - 9), (9 - 1), and (1 - 5) also changed. The spot prices of heavy and light soda ash in different regions remained stable, and the difference between heavy and light soda ash also remained unchanged in most regions [62]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of soda ash's futures prices, month - spreads, basis, inventory, production capacity utilization, and production were provided [63][64][65]. Glass - **Prices and Spreads** - On December 5, 2025, the closing prices of glass 05, 09, and 01 contracts were 1115, 1176, and 994 respectively, with daily changes of - 16, - 12, and - 16 respectively. The month - spreads (5 - 9), (9 - 1), and (1 - 5) also changed. The basis of different contracts in Shahe and Hubei also changed [85]. - **Sales and Production** - The daily sales - to - production ratios of glass in Shahe, Hubei, East China, and South China showed different degrees of fluctuations from November 28 to December 4, 2025 [86]. - **Seasonal Data** - Seasonal charts of glass's futures prices, month - spreads, basis, inventory, daily melting volume, and sales - to - production ratio were provided [87][88][89].

黑色产业链日报 2025/12/03 咨询业务资格：沪证监许可【2012】1515号 研报作者：许亮 Z0002220 审核：唐韵 Z0002422 【免责声明】 本报告基于本公司认为可靠的、已公开的信息编制，但本公司对该等信息的准确性及完整性不作任何保证。本报告所载的意见、结论及预测仅反映报告发布时的观点、结论 和建议。在不同时期，本公司可能会发出与本报告所载意见、评估及预测不一致的研究报告。本公司不保证本报告所含信息保持在最新状态。本公司对本报告所含信息可在不发出通知的情 形下做出修改， 交易者（您）应当自行关注相应的更新或修改。本公司力求报告内容客观、公正，但本报告所载的观点、结论和建议仅供参考，交易者（您）并不能依靠本报告以取代行 使独立判断。对交易者（您）依据或者使用本报告所造成的一切后果，本公司及作者均不承担任何法律责任。本报告版权仅为本公司所有。未经本公司书面许可，任何机构或个人不得以翻 版、复制、发表、引用或再次分发他人等任何形式侵犯本公司版权。如征得本公司同意进行引用、刊发的，需在允许的范围内使用，并注明出处为"东亚期货"，且不得对本报告进行任何有 悖原意的引用、删节和修改。本公司保留追究相 ...

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of new special bonds by local governments has surged significantly in November, providing strong financial support for project construction and contributing to economic growth [1][2]. Group 1: Bond Issuance Trends - As of November 30, the issuance of new special bonds reached approximately 492.19 billion yuan in November, a 71% increase from October's 287.36 billion yuan [1]. - The overall pace of special bond issuance has accelerated throughout the year, with 9.60 billion yuan issued in Q1, 120.04 billion yuan in Q2, and 151.66 billion yuan in Q3, completing 83.6% of the annual target of 4.4 trillion yuan [1]. Group 2: Characteristics of Bond Issuance - The issuance and allocation of special bonds this year exhibit three main characteristics: expanded scale, optimized rhythm, and innovative allocation, reflecting a more proactive fiscal policy [2]. - The acceleration and expansion of special bond issuance send positive signals to the market, enhancing confidence in economic development and stabilizing market expectations [2]. Group 3: Allocation of Special Bonds - Special bonds continue to be directed towards traditional infrastructure projects, such as municipal and industrial park infrastructure and transportation, which are crucial for improving the infrastructure system and public service levels [2]. - There has been a notable increase in the issuance of land reserve special bonds, totaling approximately 503 billion yuan, which helps alleviate local government debt pressure and stabilize the real estate market [3]. - The allocation of special bonds has also shifted towards government investment funds, increasing support for technological innovation and future industries, indicating a structural change in the use of special bonds [3].

Group 1 - Asian stock markets are generally retreating, with A-shares and Japanese stocks experiencing slight declines, while the RMB, oil, and Bitcoin are also down, contrasting with the rise in gold and the US dollar, indicating a defensive market stance [2] - The market is currently betting on an 80% probability of a Federal Reserve rate cut in December, with expectations for three additional cuts by the end of 2026, leading to a revaluation of global markets [2] - However, the concern arises that the rate cut expectations have already been fully priced in, leaving limited room for further upward movement, as valuations remain high and the issues that troubled the market prior to last week's decline remain unresolved [2] Group 2 - The upcoming rate cut on December 10 is expected to have significantly different implications for both short-term and long-term financial markets, raising questions about the future of the A-shares and the potential for RMB appreciation [3] - A critical stock in China, which is tied to national interests, has shown signs of change, coinciding with an unusual long report released by Goldman Sachs [3] - Multiple reports from Wall Street are analyzing the prospects for A-shares, US stocks, and gold, questioning whether the US bull market will continue and if the narrative for A-shares has concluded [3]

Group 1 - The U.S. market is experiencing low liquidity due to the Thanksgiving holiday, leading to a subdued global market environment [1] - The dollar is rising while U.S. Treasury bonds, gold, and U.S. stock futures are showing slight declines, indicating a clear trend of "dollar up, everything else down" [1] - The market is currently in a "quiet period" rather than a "safe period," suggesting potential volatility ahead [1] Group 2 - Market volatility is being suppressed significantly, with the VVIX (the fear index of fear) even lower than the VIX (the fear index), indicating a lack of movement [2] - Both bullish and bearish forces are currently inactive, creating a situation where market participants are waiting for others to take action [2] - The current state of the market is characterized by extreme suppression of volatility, and any directional movement is likely to be sudden and unexpected [2]

Core Viewpoint - The overall market sentiment has improved significantly, but there remains a notable divergence in various sentiment indicators, indicating a complex market environment [3]. Group 1: Market Risk Assessment - The risk score for the stock market, as per the Zhongtai Asset Management risk system, is 52.77, an increase from 45.79 last month, driven by marginal improvements in market sentiment [2]. - The valuation of the CSI 300 index has slightly decreased to 60.68 from 64.74, remaining in a relatively high range over the past six months, with significant valuation disparities across different sectors [2]. - The market expectation score has decreased to 52.00 from 55.00, reflecting weaker macroeconomic data, particularly in fixed asset investment growth [2]. Group 2: Sector Performance - Among the 28 Shenwan first-level industries, sectors such as steel, electronics, real estate, and defense continue to have valuations above the historical 60th percentile, while agriculture and non-bank financials remain below the 10th percentile [2]. - The consumer market showed a slight rebound in October, with retail sales growing by 4.28%, although this was a decrease of 0.22% from the previous month [8]. Group 3: Economic Indicators - Fixed asset investment growth has declined to -1.7%, with significant weakness in real estate and building materials, while industrial value-added growth remains stable at 4.9% year-on-year [7][8]. - The overall liquidity in the market is under pressure, with social financing and M2 growth rates declining, indicating a need for close monitoring of these trends [10][11].

Group 1 - Economic fundamentals are core factors influencing long-term exchange rate trends, with GDP growth reflecting overall economic vitality, strong growth typically leads to increased corporate profits, job opportunities, and consumer spending, attracting foreign investment and driving currency appreciation [1] - Inflation directly affects currency purchasing power; a country with a persistently high inflation rate compared to others may see its currency's actual value decline in international markets, increasing import costs and reducing export competitiveness, potentially leading to currency depreciation [1] - Unemployment rate is a key indicator of labor market conditions; lower unemployment often correlates with a well-functioning economy, boosting confidence in the currency and supporting the exchange rate [1] Group 2 - Central bank monetary policy operations have a direct and significant impact on exchange rates; raising benchmark interest rates increases the attractiveness of domestic assets, attracting international capital and leading to currency appreciation, while lowering rates may result in currency depreciation [2] - The balance of payments is a critical factor affecting exchange rates; a surplus in the current account indicates increased net income from foreign trade, supporting the domestic currency, while capital outflows can lead to depreciation [2] - Political stability and geopolitical environment influence market confidence in a country's economic outlook; stable countries attract foreign investment, while geopolitical conflicts may lead to capital flight towards safer assets, affecting currency fluctuations [3] Group 3 - Market expectations play a significant role in short-term exchange rate volatility; participants' analyses of economic data and policy directions shape their expectations, which are reflected in trading behaviors, potentially leading to preemptive currency purchases or sales based on anticipated policy changes [3]

Core Insights - LivaNova PLC reported strong third-quarter earnings that exceeded market expectations, showcasing its robust financial performance in the medical technology sector [1][2]. Financial Performance - Earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter reached $1.11, surpassing the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $0.91, and showing an improvement from $0.90 in the same quarter last year, resulting in an earnings surprise of nearly 22% [2][5]. - Revenue for the quarter was $357.8 million, exceeding the Zacks Consensus Estimate by almost 4%, and reflecting a 12.5% growth from $318.1 million reported in the same period last year [3][5]. Financial Ratios - The price-to-sales ratio stands at 2.22, indicating that investors are willing to pay $2.22 for every dollar of the company's sales [4]. - LivaNova maintains a moderate debt level with a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.42, suggesting a balanced approach to financing [4][5]. - The current ratio of 1.29 indicates a reasonable level of liquidity to cover short-term liabilities [4].

Core Insights - The recent local elections in the U.S. indicate significant victories for the Democratic Party, providing early signals for the 2026 midterm elections [1][7] - Economic pressures and living costs were the primary concerns for voters, reflecting their views on the ongoing government shutdown [1][2] Group 1: Election Results - In Virginia, Democrat Abigail Spanberger won the gubernatorial election, becoming the state's first female governor and regaining control from the Republican Party [2][4] - In New Jersey, Democrat Mikie Sherrill also secured victory in the gubernatorial race, marking the third consecutive term for Democrats in the state [2][4] - California's Proposition 50, supported by Democrats, is expected to pass, aiming to temporarily redraw congressional district maps to benefit the party in the 2026 elections [4][7] Group 2: Political Implications - The election outcomes are viewed as a "warm-up" for the 2026 midterms, offering insights into voter sentiment and potential party control of Congress [7] - The election results suggest an increased likelihood of the Democratic Party regaining control of Congress in the upcoming midterms [7] - The internal ideological divide within the Democratic Party was highlighted by the election of Zohran Mamdani as New York City's first Muslim mayor, raising concerns among financial circles about potential tax increases and regulatory risks [5][6]

Core Insights - The Federal Reserve's recent meeting revealed significant internal disagreements among its members, with one advocating for substantial interest rate cuts to stimulate the economy while another opposed this view, marking a rare occurrence since 2000 [3] - Fed Chair Jerome Powell described the current policy management as "driving in the fog," highlighting the unprecedented challenges faced by policymakers in navigating conflicting economic data [3][9] - The ongoing government shutdown has disrupted the flow of key economic data, complicating the Fed's decision-making process and forcing reliance on alternative data sources [5][13] Group 1: Federal Reserve's Decision-Making - The internal dissent within the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reflects differing time preferences among decision-makers, with some prioritizing immediate market stability while others prefer to wait for more comprehensive information [3] - Powell emphasized that while the job market is slowing, there are no signs of rapid deterioration, indicating a cautious approach within the FOMC [5] - The current policy interest rate range has been lowered to 3.75% to 4.0%, with estimates for the neutral rate between 3% and 4%, suggesting a more accommodative stance compared to the past [9] Group 2: Market Reactions and Economic Implications - The Fed's decisions directly impact borrowing costs for households, with mortgage rates showing limited immediate response but significant implications for housing market expectations [11] - Small business owners report ongoing pressure from tight financing conditions, as evidenced by their cash flow statements and loan extension records [11] - The disconnect between survey data and market indicators highlights the vulnerability of macroeconomic policy in times of information scarcity, necessitating careful risk and timing assessments by policymakers [13] Group 3: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - Following the Fed's meeting, volatility in futures markets, stock indices, and credit spreads became evident, illustrating the impact of information asymmetry on market reactions [15] - Powell's cautious strategy aims to gather more observable data before making further policy adjustments, reflecting the tension between market concerns and policy stability [15] - The recent dissent within the FOMC serves as a reminder that monetary policy is a limited tool requiring robust information flow and adequate time buffers for effective implementation [15]