| 候选人 | 当地时间 | | 观点言论 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 沃勒 | 7/18 | | 美联储理事会成员专注于他们的工作，而非总统的言论。 | | | 7/30 | . | 7 月降息 25个基点合理，劳动力市场疲软风险已充分显现，不应等到劳动力市场恶化后才下调利率。 | | (美联储现任理 | 8/1 | . | 我认为当前这种观望的态度过于谨慎，在我看来，没有正确平衡经济前景的风险，可能导致政策落后 | | 章） | | | 于形势变化。 | | | 8/1 | . | 美联储不应等到劳动力市场恶化才采取行动。 | | 哈塞特 | 7/14 | | 美联储在关税问题上"非常错误"。 | | (白宫国家经济 | 7/16 | ● | 美联储需要重新调整利率的路径,明确利率应当达到的水平。 | | 委员会主任 ) | 8/6 | . | 特朗普的首要任务是维护美联储的独立性。 | | | | . | （被问及美联储职位相关问题时）乐于探讨这一挑战。 | | | 7/17 | . | 如果由一个人领导美联储和财政部，协议会更容易达成。 | | 沃什 (美联储前理事) ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the ongoing financial turmoil characterized by a currency war and the shadow of recession, highlighting the contrasting signals from U.S. fiscal data and capital market reactions [1][12]. Group 1: U.S. Economic Indicators - U.S. Treasury data shows a significant increase in tariff revenue, with nearly $30 billion collected in July alone and an annual projection exceeding $150 billion, suggesting a strong economy [1]. - Despite the tariff revenue, the U.S. dollar index has dropped sharply from 109 to 98 within six months, indicating a nearly 10% decline, which is rare in the past fifty years [1]. Group 2: Monetary Policy Dynamics - Treasury Secretary Yellen's public calls for the Federal Reserve to take decisive action, including a 50 basis point rate cut, represent an unusual direct intervention in central bank policy [1][3]. - Yellen aims to shift the decision-making process from data-driven analysis to market sentiment, creating a perception of impending liquidity shortages [6]. Group 3: Global Financial Implications - Yellen's strategy includes pressuring the Fed while simultaneously advocating for interest rate hikes by the Bank of Japan, aiming to disrupt global capital flows and close the "cheap borrowing" avenue from Japan [8][10]. - A potential rise in Japanese interest rates could lead to a massive repatriation of yen-denominated assets, impacting U.S. dollar assets and increasing selling pressure on U.S. Treasuries [10]. Group 4: Strategic Objectives - The overarching goal of Yellen's actions is to create a "weak dollar and overvalued yuan" scenario, which aligns with previous U.S. policies aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing by lowering financing costs [11]. - This financial strategy is designed to weaken China's export competitiveness by forcing the yuan to appreciate against a declining dollar, thereby impacting China's manufacturing sector [11][12]. Group 5: Geopolitical Context - The article emphasizes that the current monetary policy has transformed from a technical tool into a political weapon, with countries competing for relative advantages rather than absolute economic strength [14]. - The dynamics of capital flows are now seen as a more accurate reflection of a nation's economic health than traditional metrics like tariff revenues [14].

Economic Outlook - The probability of the US economy entering a recession within the next 12 months is estimated at 49% according to a prediction by Moody's chief economist Mark Zandi, based on a complex machine learning model [1] - Over half of the industries have initiated layoffs, a phenomenon that aligns closely with historical indicators of impending economic recessions [1] Policy Impact - The negative impacts of tariffs and immigration restrictions from the Trump administration are expected to peak between late 2025 and early 2026, contributing to an "economic winter" [3] - The actual tariff rate in the US has reached 23%, the highest in a century, leading to increased operational costs for businesses and potential price hikes for consumers [6] Economic Indicators - The US GDP growth rate is projected to plummet from 3% in Q2 to 1%, while inflation could rise to a peak of 3.5% [5] - Employment growth has significantly declined, with potential job growth dropping from 206,000 in Q1 to just 28,000 by July, far below the 90,000 needed to maintain economic stability [5] Federal Reserve Actions - The Federal Reserve is expected to implement a series of interest rate cuts, with predictions of three consecutive cuts in September, October, and December, followed by two more in 2026 [6] - There is a notable division among Federal Reserve officials regarding interest rate predictions for 2025, complicating the formulation of a unified monetary policy [7] Market Reactions - The US stock market is experiencing a "high valuation trap," with significant sell-offs occurring despite some companies reporting better-than-expected earnings [8] - Concerns about the US dollar's valuation persist, with Goldman Sachs indicating that the actual exchange rate is overvalued by 15% [8] Broader Economic Challenges - The US economy is facing a confluence of high inflation, rising unemployment, and economic slowdown, presenting one of the most severe challenges since the 1970s [10]

8月22日，央行发布公告称，为保持银行体系流动性充裕，2025年8月25日，中国人民银行将以固定数 量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展6000亿元MLF（中期借贷便利）操作，期限为1年期。 《中国经营报》记者注意到，由于8月份MLF到期为3000亿元，这意味着实现净投放达到3000亿元，符 合市场预期，也是连续第六个月加量续做。有关数据显示，考虑到截至8月22日，央行还开展了3000亿 元买断式逆回购净投放，这意味着8月中期流动性净投放总额达6000亿元，相当于上月的2倍，为2025年 2月以来最大规模净投放。 展望未来，王青表示，在上半年宏观经济稳中偏强，三季度外部波动及经济增长动能变化有待进一步观 察的背景下，短期内降准的概率较小，央行更可能通过MLF和买断式逆回购等政策工具保持市场流动 性充裕。预计未来MLF还会加量续做，并结合买断式逆回购操作，持续向市场注入中期流动性。 记者注意到，8月份央行两次开展买断式逆回购，为市场注入中期流动性：8日8日央行开展7000亿元3个 月期买断式逆回购后，随后8月15日再开展5000亿元6个月期买断式逆回购。而8月分别有4000亿元3个月 期和5000亿元6个月期买断 ...

Core Viewpoint - The unprecedented low interest rate environment is the strongest driving force behind the current stock market rally, and understanding the central bank's monetary policy report is crucial for investment in both equity and fixed income markets [1][10]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Insights - The emphasis on "implementing and refining" an appropriately loose monetary policy indicates a focus on structural policies rather than direct quantitative measures, suggesting that the central bank will prioritize the optimization of structural monetary tools rather than further interest rate cuts before the end of the year [13][14]. - The central bank's consideration of raising the price level reasonably implies that if CPI and PPI do not show a trend of rising, there is no need to worry about tightening monetary policy, reinforcing the principle that "if funds are not tight, bond bears will not come" [13]. - The focus on "lowering the cost of bank liabilities" aims to ensure banks' interest margins, indicating a preference for targeted measures like reducing the rates of reverse repos rather than broad-based interest rate cuts [14]. Group 2: Credit and Loan Trends - In the second quarter, large and medium-sized banks continued to increase their market share in loan increments, with large banks' increments being about 40% of the first quarter's, while small rural financial institutions lagged behind [20][21]. - The increase in fiscal deposits by nearly 24% in the second quarter, compared to 17% in the first quarter, is attributed to the large issuance of government and local bonds, which has led to increased deposit accumulation [24]. - Non-bank financial institutions saw a significant increase in deposits, with over 2.2 trillion yuan added in the second quarter, indicating a shift of deposits towards non-bank products [28]. Group 3: Structural Monetary Tools - The balance of structural monetary tools has reached 3.8 trillion yuan, with a notable increase in technology-related re-loans from 300 billion to 800 billion yuan, which is a core reason for the strength of the technology sector [38][40]. - The report highlights a shift in the distribution of new loans over the past decade, moving from real estate and urban investment to a more diversified structure, although the short-term demand for social financing remains insufficient [43][45]. Group 4: Market Dynamics - The government has been the main department for financing leverage in the first half of the year, with significant increases in bond issuance, indicating a proactive fiscal stance [54]. - The insurance sector has seen a reduction in premium growth to around 5%, down from over 10% in previous years, which may lead to a shift of funds towards equity and fixed income products [56]. - The central bank's mention of the cultural and chip sectors reflects their importance in the current market, particularly in the context of domestic control amid U.S.-China tensions [62].

7月会议决策：美联储在7月30日的会议上决定维持联邦基金利率目标区间在4.25%-4.5%不变，仅两位官员（鲍曼和沃勒）支持降息25个基点。这一决策反映 了美联储对通胀上行风险和就业下行风险的平衡考量。 一、7月CPI数据详解：通胀温和回落，但结构性压力仍存 根据最新数据，2025年7月美国CPI同比上涨2.7%，低于市场预期的2.8%，环比上涨0.2%，符合预期。核心CPI同比上涨3.1%，环比上涨0.3%，创下6个月来 最大涨幅。这一数据表明，尽管整体通胀压力有所缓解，但核心通胀仍具韧性，服务通胀（如住房）的黏性尤为显著。 通胀回落的主要驱动力： 1. 能源价格下跌：7月能源指数下降1.1%，其中WTI原油价格在7月23日为65.45美元/桶，较前一交易日微涨0.214%，但整体趋势仍抑制了通胀压力。地 缘风险溢价虽对油价形成支撑，但全球能源需求预期变化及夏季出行高峰接近尾声，使得能源价格未出现大幅反弹。 2. 供应链改善：尽管关税对部分商品（如服装、家具）价格有冲击，但未引发全面通胀飙升。企业逐步消化关税前库存，缓解了商品通胀压力。 3. 需求减弱：居民消费疲软，企业投资增速放缓，尤其是设备及无形资产投 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core View of the Report - This week, the bond market followed the stock market. The influence of the stock index on the bond market weakened. Short - term focus on stock market changes: a strong stock market will suppress the bond market, while a stock market correction will benefit bond bulls. The trading strategy is for trading - type investors to conduct band operations [2][35][36] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Treasury Bond Futures Weekly Market Review - This week, the main contracts of treasury bond futures opened lower with a gap on Monday and then fell sharply, fluctuated horizontally on Tuesday, fell sharply on Wednesday, rebounded after hitting the bottom on Thursday, and declined slightly on Friday. The 30 - year treasury bond fell 1.05%, the 10 - year treasury bond fell 0.52%, the 5 - year treasury bond fell 0.28%, and the 2 - year treasury bond fell 0.03% [5] - As of August 22, the maturity yield curve of treasury bond cash bonds shifted upward in parallel compared with August 15. The 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond yields rose by 3, 4, 3, and 3 basis points respectively [8] 3.2 Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Data - In July, the national general public budget revenue was 2027.3 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 2.65%, and the expenditure was 1946.6 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.04%. From January to July, the cumulative general public budget revenue increased by 0.1% year - on - year, and the expenditure increased by 3.4% year - on - year [11] - In July, national tax revenue was 1801.8 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 5.0%, and non - tax revenue was 225.5 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 12.9% [13] - From January to July, the national government - funded budget revenue was 2312.4 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 0.7%, and the expenditure was 5428.7 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 31.7% [16] 3.3 Unemployment Rate - In July, the unemployment rate of the 16 - 24 age group (excluding students) in urban areas was 17.8%, higher than the same period last year by 0.7 percentage points; the 25 - 29 age group was 6.9%, higher than the same period last year by 0.4 percentage points; the 30 - 59 age group was 3.9%, the same as the same period last year [19] 3.4 South Korean Export Data - In the first 20 days of August, South Korea's exports increased by 7.6% year - on - year. Semiconductor exports were 8.71 billion US dollars, a year - on - year increase of 29.5%, accounting for 24.5% of the total exports in the first 20 days of August, up 4.2 percentage points from the same period last year [21] 3.5 New Home Sales Data - Since June, the decline rate of the national new home sales area has accelerated. From January to March, the average daily trading area of commercial housing in 30 large and medium - sized cities was 2.36 million square meters, a year - on - year increase of 2.5%. From August 1 to 20, it was 1.8 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 16% [23] 3.6 Price Data - As of August 22, the 200 - index of agricultural product wholesale prices was 115.53. Prices showed a slight upward trend in the first 22 days of August, but the upward slope was much lower than the same period last year. In July, energy prices increased by 1.6% month - on - month, affecting the CPI to rise by about 0.12 percentage points. The average domestic refined oil price in August was lower than that in July [25] - The Nanhua Industrial Products Index declined slightly in the first 22 days of August. After reaching a closing high on July 25, it continued to decline. Short - term inflation pressure is limited [28] 3.7 Capital Interest Rate Data - This week, capital interest rates increased. The weighted average of DR001 was 1.45%, and it fell to 1.41% on Friday. The weighted average of DR007 was 1.52%, and it fell to 1.47% on Friday. The average issuance interest rate of one - year AAA inter - bank certificates of deposit was 1.67%, higher than last week's average of 1.64% [31][32] 3.8 Treasury Bond Futures Market Logic and Trading Strategy - In July, China's fixed - asset investment growth rate was significantly lower than market expectations. Retail sales of consumer goods, industrial added value, and the service industry production index were all lower than expected. Real estate sales and prices continued to decline, while exports exceeded expectations. The central bank will implement a moderately loose monetary policy, and the State Council will take measures to stimulate consumption, expand investment, and stabilize the real estate market [35] - The trading strategy is for trading - type investors to conduct band operations [36]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is implementing a 600 billion MLF operation to maintain liquidity in the banking system, with a net injection of 300 billion MLF in August, marking the sixth consecutive month of increased operations [1] Group 1 - The PBOC will conduct a 600 billion MLF operation on August 25, 2025, with a one-year term, using a fixed quantity and multi-price bidding method [1] - In August, 300 billion MLF is set to mature, leading to a net injection of 300 billion MLF, which aligns with expectations [1] - The total net liquidity injection for mid-August reached 600 billion, equivalent to double the amount from the previous month, due to an additional 300 billion reverse repo operation [1] Group 2 - Analysts expect the PBOC to continue using various monetary policy tools to enhance liquidity management in the short to medium term, ensuring sufficient liquidity to meet government bond issuance needs [1] - The central bank's actions are aimed at supporting the upcoming peak in government bond issuance during August and September [1] - The PBOC's ongoing operations reflect a commitment to maintaining a moderately accommodative monetary policy [1]

美联储主席鲍威尔在杰克逊霍尔央行年会上发表重磅讲话，认为当前的形势意味着就业面临的下行风险 上升。这种风险平衡的转变可能意味着需要降息。 鲍威尔在演讲开头就指出，今年，美联储实现就业和通胀双重使命面临的"风险平衡似乎正在发生转 变。" 他认为，当前经济状况对货币政策的影响是： "失业率和其他劳动力市场指标的稳定使我们能谨慎考虑政策立场的调整。然而，由于政策 处于限制性区间，基准前景和不断变化的风险平衡可能需要我们调整政策立场。" 关于劳动力市场，鲍威尔表示： "总体来看，劳动力市场虽处于平衡，但这是一种因劳动力供需双双大幅放缓所致的'奇特平 衡'。这种异常形势暗示就业的下行风险正在增加。" 关于关税对通胀的影响，鲍威尔说，一种"合理的基准假设"是，关税会导致物价水平"一次性"上涨，但 这些影响需要时间才能完全体现在经济中。 综合各种影响因素来看，鲍威尔认为： "短期内，通胀风险偏向上行，就业风险偏向下行——这是一个有挑战的局面。" 对于货币政策框架调整，鲍威尔指出，新的政策框架删除了两项表述：一是美联储寻求通胀在一段时间 内达到平均2%的目标；二是以"偏离充分就业水平"作为决策依据。 货币政策与美联储框架审查 ...

央行下周将开展6000亿元中期借贷便利（MLF）操作，8月MLF净投放将达3000亿元，为连续6个月"加 量续作"。叠加3000亿元买断式逆回购，8月中期流动性净投放总规模已达6000亿元，为今年2月以来的 单月新高。业内人士表示，此举释放出货币政策操作继续维持宽松、呵护信贷和市场预期的信号。展望 后市，年内降准空间有限，政策重心或转向"落实落细"，在保持流动性充裕的同时，更注重灵活落地与 精准传导。（上证报） ...