Group 1 - The core point of the article is the announcement by the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration regarding the resumption of value-added tax (VAT) on interest income from newly issued government bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds starting from August 8, 2025 [3][4][5] - Interest income from bonds issued before August 8, 2025, will continue to be exempt from VAT until maturity, while new bonds issued after this date will be subject to VAT at two rates: 6% for institutions like banks and insurance companies, and 3% for public funds and other asset management products [5][6] - Foreign institutions holding these bonds will remain exempt from VAT until the end of 2025, while individual investors can avoid VAT on interest income if their monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan [6][10] Group 2 - The impact on the bond market is expected to be minimal, as the demand for bonds remains strong, and the VAT burden on public and asset management products is relatively low [8][9] - The overall trend indicates a shift in investment from the bond market to the stock market, particularly if the stock market gains more confidence among investors [9][10] - The resumption of VAT on bond interest income is part of broader fiscal reforms aimed at increasing tax revenue, as the country seeks to balance its budget amid declining tax revenues [10][11][12]

人们通常比较多地关注经济总量和增长速度，对经济维持运行所要承受的成本关注度不高。从客观上讲，企业运营的成本容易 计算，无非是生产和经营所需的各类生产要素的成本。对于国家而言，成本的概念也大致类似。随着经济体量的增加，国家财 政支出规模也随之上升，如我国已经成为全球第二大经济体，每年的赤字规模也有增大趋势，故应该考虑如何让经济运行降本 增效，财政支出的正向乘数效应最大化，以保持经济的良性运行，本文就此话题展开讨论。 摘要 成为全球第二大经济体之后 ——我国经济运行成本上升偏快 我国经济上世纪80年代开始步入高速增长期，从1980年到2010年这30年属于高速增长期，GDP平均增速超过10%， 2010年 GDP总量超过日本，成为全球第二大经济体 。但2011年以后，经济增速开始缓慢下行，就此告别了两位数增长的时代。 中国经济高速增长阶段，主要发生在2011年以前，尤其在上世纪90年代和本世纪00年代，是改革开放红利和人口红利的集 中释放阶段，但2011年开始中国的劳动年龄人口出现负增长，劳动力成本逐年上升，同时，随着房价的上涨，土地价格也 水涨船高，故生产要素价格的上涨必然带来经济运行成本的上升。 我国土地价格 ...