Core Viewpoint - The report from Standard Chartered Bank indicates that if Trump's policies increase U.S. debt without boosting economic growth, the risk of a significant decline in the dollar next year will rise [1][2]. Group 1: U.S. Debt and Economic Growth - The simultaneous rise in U.S. government debt and external liabilities poses a significant risk to the dollar and U.S. bonds, potentially leading to a loss of confidence from foreign investors in the U.S.'s long-term borrowing capacity [1]. - The expanding U.S. deficit is reducing national savings and increasing reliance on foreign savings, which translates into a higher current account deficit [1][2]. Group 2: Investor Sentiment and Market Reactions - Concerns are growing among foreign creditors regarding the sustainability of U.S. debt if tariffs and tax policies fail to stimulate growth, which could manifest as higher risk premiums, either through increased interest rates or a weaker dollar [2][3]. - Investors are beginning to question the stability of U.S. assets due to Trump's aggressive tariff policies and their chaotic implementation [2]. Group 3: Future Economic Outlook - Standard Chartered believes that foreign investors are currently hesitant to fully divest from traditional safe-haven assets, as they await the impact of Trump's policies on growth [3]. - If the tax reform is approved, it may provide some economic benefits this year, but the positive effects are expected to fade by mid-2026 or 2027, raising concerns about long-term growth and debt impacts [3]. Group 4: Federal Reserve's Limitations - The effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's policy tools may be limited in the face of potential crises, with any easing measures possibly not extending to longer-duration bonds [4]. - While the U.S. government can continue to issue dollar-denominated debt, the risk of effective default through inflation could become a substantial concern if the debt trajectory is not stabilized [4].

Report Industry Investment Ratings No specific industry investment ratings were provided in the report. Core Views of the Report - The short - term gold price lacks direct upward momentum and is expected to be weakly volatile in the short term, while the mid - and long - term logic needs more catalysts [10]. - The US may increase sanctions on Russia, and the Russia - Ukraine conflict is unlikely to end in the short term, causing the US dollar index to fluctuate in the short term [13]. - The A - share market continues to shrink in volume, with a seesaw effect between small - cap and large - cap styles, and the gap between high risk appetite and a fragile structure is widening [3]. - The risk of repeated changes in US tariff policies remains, and the US stock market is expected to be weakly volatile [20]. - The inventory of agricultural products such as soybean meal is expected to continue to increase, and the oil market is expected to remain volatile [22][26]. - The prices of black metals are affected by factors such as policy and demand, showing different trends, and caution is needed in short - term operations [29][31]. - The prices of non - ferrous metals are supported by a weak US dollar, but the upward space is limited, and different investment strategies are recommended for different varieties [37]. - The prices of energy and chemical products are affected by factors such as supply and demand and policies, with different trends and corresponding investment suggestions [55][70]. - The container shipping index is affected by port congestion and other factors, and there are opportunities for callback buying [79]. Summary by Directory 1. Financial News and Comments 1.1 Macro Strategy (Gold) - EU - US negotiations continue. Due to the US Memorial Day holiday, trading was light. Trump postponed the tariff threat, and market risk - aversion eased. Gold continued to fluctuate. In the short term, the gold price lacks upward momentum, and in the medium and long term, more catalysts are needed [10]. - Investment advice: The short - term gold price is volatile, and attention should be paid to the risk of correction [11]. 1.2 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - US Dollar Index) - Lagarde said the euro could replace the US dollar. The EU plans to accelerate trade negotiations with the US. Trump considers additional sanctions on Russia, and the Russia - Ukraine conflict is unlikely to end soon. The US dollar index will fluctuate in the short term [13]. - Investment advice: The US dollar index will fluctuate in the short term [14]. 1.3 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - Central Huijin emphasizes its role in maintaining financial stability. Moody's maintains China's sovereign credit rating. The A - share market continues to shrink in volume, with a seesaw effect between small - cap and large - cap styles [15][17][18]. - Investment advice: It is recommended to make a balanced allocation [19]. 1.4 Macro Strategy (US Stock Index Futures) - The EU plans to accelerate trade negotiations with the US. The US stock market is affected by tariff and government debt issues and is expected to be weakly volatile [20]. - Investment advice: The US stock market is expected to be weakly volatile in the short term due to concerns about government debt and tariff disturbances [20]. 2. Commodity News and Comments 2.1 Agricultural Products (Soybean Meal) - The inventory of soybean meal continues to rise. As the arrival of imported soybeans increases, the supply pressure dominates, and the inventory is expected to continue to accumulate [21][22]. - Investment advice: The futures price will temporarily remain volatile, and the spot basis will be under pressure [23]. 2.2 Agricultural Products (Soybean Oil/Rapeseed Oil/Palm Oil) - From May 1 - 25, Malaysia's palm oil exports increased by 7.34% month - on - month, and production increased by 0.73%. The domestic palm oil inventory decreased. The oil market is expected to continue to fluctuate [24][25][26]. - Investment advice: The oil market will continue to fluctuate. Rapeseed oil is suitable for long - term allocation, soybean oil for short - term allocation, and palm oil for medium - term allocation [26]. 2.3 Black Metals (Rebar/Hot - Rolled Coil) - The proposed use of special land - reserve bonds exceeds 350 billion yuan. The new contracts signed by the top five construction central enterprises in the first four months totaled about 2.4 trillion yuan. Steel prices have fallen significantly, and short - term unilateral operations require caution [27][28][29]. - Investment advice: Be cautious in short - term unilateral operations and consider hedging on rallies for spot [30]. 2.4 Black Metals (Steam Coal) - The price of steam coal in the northern port was weakly stable. Coal prices are expected to stop falling in the short term but will continue to decline later due to high supply and low expected summer consumption growth [31]. - Investment advice: Coal prices may stop falling in the short term but will continue to decline later [31]. 2.5 Black Metals (Iron Ore) - The full - production time of the Iron Bridge project is postponed. Iron ore prices are following the weak trend of the overall black market, and the overall price is expected to remain weak [32]. - Investment advice: The overall price of iron ore is expected to remain weak [34]. 2.6 Non - Ferrous Metals (Copper) - The spot trading volume of electrolytic copper decreased, and the social inventory continued to decline. The COMEX copper net long position continued to decline. The copper price is expected to fluctuate at a high level in the short term [35][36][37]. - Investment advice: In the short term, the copper price is likely to continue to fluctuate at a high level. It is recommended to wait and see for unilateral and arbitrage operations [38]. 2.7 Non - Ferrous Metals (Polysilicon) - GCL Integrated is a candidate for a 22MW photovoltaic cell component procurement project. The spot price of polysilicon has fallen slightly. Whether leading enterprises can jointly cut production will have a significant impact on the fundamentals [40]. - Investment advice: For ordinary investors, unilateral operations are risky. Consider gradually taking profits on PS2506 - PS2507/PS2507 - PS2508 long spreads [41]. 2.8 Non - Ferrous Metals (Industrial Silicon) - The price of silicone raw rubber has declined. Supply pressure is increasing, and demand is weak. The spot price may bottom out, but futures are more affected by sentiment [42]. - Investment advice: Partially take profits on previous short positions, and pay attention to the cash - flow risk of large enterprises [42]. 2.9 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - BYD signed a 3.5GWh energy - storage order. The current market is dominated by the downward spiral of salt and ore prices. In the short term, the decline space is limited [44]. - Investment advice: The long - term bearish pattern remains unchanged, but in the short term, consider partial profit - taking or contract - rolling for previous short positions [44]. 2.10 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lead) - Anhui Lukong and Zhejiang Tianneng signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The social inventory of lead ingots decreased significantly. The supply is not expected to be loose in the short term, and the mid - term low - buying idea is emerging [47]. - Investment advice: Wait and see in the short term and gradually pay attention to mid - term low - buying opportunities [48]. 2.11 Non - Ferrous Metals (Nickel) - The nickel warehouse receipt in the Shanghai Futures Exchange decreased. The quota issuance of Indonesian RKAB exceeded expectations. The price of nickel ore is supported, but the upward space of nickel - iron is limited [49]. - Investment advice: Pay attention to interval trading opportunities in the short term and mid - term short - selling opportunities [50]. 2.12 Non - Ferrous Metals (Zinc) - The 0 - 3 spread of LME zinc was at a discount. Peru's zinc concentrate production increased year - on - year. The domestic zinc supply is expected to be loose, and the social inventory may turn upward. The zinc price is recommended to be shorted [52]. - Investment advice: Look for short - selling opportunities on rallies, and consider long - term spreads and long - short positions between domestic and foreign markets [53]. 2.13 Energy and Chemicals (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) - Haikorelin plans to shut down for maintenance, affecting product supply. The Shandong spot price has signs of stabilization, and the propane price may回调. The spot price is expected to stabilize at a low level in the short term [53]. - Investment advice: The price is expected to fluctuate at a low level in the short term [54]. 2.14 Energy and Chemicals (Crude Oil) - The OPEC+ meeting will be advanced by one day. The market expects OPEC+ to increase production in July, and the supply growth potential continues to pressure oil prices [55]. - Investment advice: The short - term upward momentum is weak [56]. 2.15 Energy and Chemicals (PTA) - The PTA spot price increased, and the basis strengthened. The demand is at a high level, and the supply is below 80% with inventory reduction, so the basis has rebounded [58]. - Investment advice: The short - term PTA performance may be stronger than the cost - end oil price, and the price and spreads are expected to be strong [59]. 2.16 Energy and Chemicals (Asphalt) - The inventory of asphalt refineries decreased, and the social inventory increased slightly. The demand is recovering, and the asphalt price is expected to fluctuate upward [60]. - Investment advice: The asphalt futures price is expected to fluctuate upward [61]. 2.17 Energy and Chemicals (Caustic Soda) - The price of caustic soda in Shandong was stable with a slight increase. The supply is sufficient, and the demand is divided. The current spot is strong, but the upward momentum is weakening, and the futures may fluctuate [63]. - Investment advice: The alumina market has little impact on caustic soda. The current spot is strong, but the futures may fluctuate [63]. 2.18 Energy and Chemicals (Pulp) - The price of imported wood pulp in the spot market was slightly weak. The fundamentals of pulp have limited changes, and the market is expected to fluctuate [64]. - Investment advice: The pulp market is expected to fluctuate [65]. 2.19 Energy and Chemicals (PVC) - The spot price of PVC powder was narrowly sorted, and the futures were weakly volatile. The downstream purchasing enthusiasm was not high, and the market is expected to fluctuate [66]. - Investment advice: The PVC market is expected to fluctuate [66]. 2.20 Energy and Chemicals (Bottle Chips) - The export quotes of bottle - chip factories were mostly stable with some slight increases. The industry is operating at a high level, and the supply pressure is increasing. The processing fee is expected to fluctuate at a low level [70]. - Investment advice: The processing fee of bottle chips is expected to remain low, and attention should be paid to supply - side changes [70]. 2.21 Energy and Chemicals (Urea) - The central government allocated 1.4 billion yuan for agricultural disaster prevention and pest control. The urea market was weak, and attention should be paid to factors such as demand, policy, and supply - side changes [71]. - Investment advice: Pay attention to aspects such as agricultural demand, policy changes, and supply - side switching after the peak season [72]. 2.22 Energy and Chemicals (Styrene) - The inventory of styrene in Jiangsu ports increased significantly. The styrene market was weakly volatile. The supply is expected to improve, and the market may adjust. Pay attention to the paper - cargo delivery game at the end of the month [74]. - Investment advice: The far - month styrene has limited driving force, and the market is expected to adjust. Pay attention to the paper - cargo delivery game at the end of the month [75]. 2.23 Energy and Chemicals (Soda Ash) - The inventory of domestic soda - ash manufacturers decreased. The futures price of soda ash fell, affected by new production capacity. The short - term maintenance of production facilities may support the price, but a short - selling strategy is recommended in the medium term [76]. - Investment advice: Short - term production - facility maintenance may support the price, but short - sell on rallies in the medium term [76]. 2.24 Energy and Chemicals (Float Glass) - The price of float glass in the Shahe market changed slightly. The futures price rose slightly, and the spot market was still weak. The price is expected to remain low, and attention should be paid to real - estate policy changes [78]. - Investment advice: The glass futures price is expected to remain low, and attention should be paid to real - estate policy changes [78]. 2.25 Shipping Index (Container Freight Rate) - European ports are congested, and the container shipping index is affected. The US - line rush - shipping expectation has ebbed, and there are opportunities for callback buying [79]. - Investment advice: There are opportunities for callback buying [80].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core View - From the April fiscal data, although revenue has improved, government bond financing has also contributed significantly to the expenditure growth rate, with the expenditure growth rate of the second account reaching as high as 45%. As of now in May, government bond net financing has exceeded 1.4 trillion, and it is expected to continue to strongly support fiscal expenditure [1][7] Summary by Related Catalog Government Bond Financing - The net financing of government bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 6723 billion, and 3843 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 5.8 trillion, exceeding the same period last year by 3.9 trillion [1][7] Treasury Bond Financing - The net financing of treasury bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 5012 billion, and 2417 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 2.4 trillion, with a progress of 36.5%, exceeding the same period in the past five years [1][8] Local Bond Financing - The net financing of local bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 1711 billion, and 1426 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 3.4 trillion, exceeding the same period last year by 2.3 trillion [2][10] New General Bond - The net financing of new general bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 196 billion, and 55 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 3219 billion, with a progress of 40.2%, exceeding the same period last year [2][11] New Special Bond - The net financing of new special bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 775 billion, and 1076 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 1.4 trillion, with a progress of 31.1%, exceeding the same period last year. Special new special bonds of 2424 billion have been issued, and land reserve special bonds of 964 billion have been issued [2][16] Special Refinancing Bond - The net financing of special refinancing bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was 0 billion, and 251 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of the 20th week, the cumulative net financing was 1.6 trillion, with an issuance progress of 80% [2][29] Urban Investment Bond - The net financing of urban investment bonds in the 20th week (5/12 - 5/18) was -252 billion, and it is expected to be -346 billion in the 21st week (5/19 - 5/25). As of this week, the balance of urban investment bonds is approximately 10.5 trillion [2][32]

周一（5月19日）亚洲早盘交易时段，美股期货、美债期货和美元指数同步走弱，尤其是30年期美债收益率已逼近5%大关，为2007年中期以来新高。 封面新闻记者朱宁 5月16日，美股收盘后，穆迪评级公司（Moody's Ratings）宣布将美国的信用评级从最高级别的Aaa下调至Aa1。穆迪的这一决定这意味着美国已被三大评 级机构全部降级。而此举也使外界对美国作为全球最优质主权借款国的地位产生疑问。 随着贸易局势近期以来有所缓和，部分抛售情绪有所缓解，投资者在债券市场的关注点迅速转向美国的财政轨迹，穆迪下调美国评级的举动无疑再度使美 元资产承压。 穆迪指出，此次下调反映出美国政府债务与利息支付比例在过去十多年中持续攀升，现已远高于同等级别的其他主权国家。 该机构表示，预计未来十年，由于福利类支出不断增长而政府收入维持平稳，美国财政赤字将进一步扩大，政府债务和利息负担也将不断上升。 相比美国过去的财政状况以及与其他高评级国家的比较，美国的财政表现将持续恶化。这意味着在Aa1评级下，正负风险大致平衡。不过穆迪指出，美国 依然拥有诸多"非凡的信用优势"，包括经济规模庞大、具有韧性和活力，以及美元作为全球储备货币的地位。 ...

穆迪宣布下调评级 5月17日，穆迪评级公司将美国主权信用评级从最高级别Aaa下调一级至Aa1，理由是联邦政府预算赤字 融资压力加剧，以及在高利率环境下续发债务的成本上升。反映出人们对不断膨胀的债务和赤字可能损 害美国作为全球资本首选地位、并推高政府借款成本的担忧日益加深。 【导读】穆迪下调美国信用评级，理由是政府债务增长 中国基金报记者 泰勒 穆迪下调美国主权信用评级！ 美国失去最后一个最高信用评级 穆迪此举与惠誉和标普全球评级看齐，三大评级机构均已不再将世界最大经济体评为顶级"三A"评级。 这次下调一级的决定是在穆迪于一年多前将美国评级展望调整为"负面"之后作出的。该机构目前给予美 国"稳定"展望。 穆迪在声明中写道："虽然我们认可美国在经济和金融方面的显著优势，但我们认为这些优势已不足以 完全抵消财政指标的恶化。" 穆迪将问题归咎于历届政府和国会，指出预算赤字不断扩大，几乎没有减缓的迹象。周五，华盛顿的立 法者仍在推进一项规模庞大的税收与支出法案，预计未来几年将使联邦债务增加数万亿美元。 穆迪的评级决定在主要金融市场引发迅速反应，10年期美国国债收益率一度升至4.49%。 Brandywine Globa ...

证券研究报告 | 2025年05月15日 国债第 19 周（5/5-5/11）净融资 1956 亿，第 20 周（5/12-5/18）5012 亿。截至第 19 周（5/5-5/11）累计 1.9 万亿，进度 29.0%。 地方债净融资第 19 周（5/5-5/11）672 亿，第 20 周（5/12-5/18）1711 亿。截至第 19 周（5/5-5/11）累计 3.2 万亿，超出去年同期 2.1 万亿。 新增一般债第 19 周（5/5-5/11）0 亿，第 20 周（5/12-5/18）196 亿。 截至第 19 周（5/5-5/11）累计 3023 亿，进度 37.8%。 新增专项债第 19 周（5/5-5/11）1002 亿，第 20 周（5/12-5/18）775 亿。截至第 19 周（5/5-5/11）累计 1.3 万亿，进度 29.3%。特殊新增专 项债已发行 1573 亿，土地储备专项债已发行 966 亿。截至 2025 年 5 月 12 日，已有 23 省公示收购存量闲置土地项目 3661 块，资金规模约 3918 亿。 特殊再融资债近两周无发行。截至第 19 周（5/5-5/11）累计 ...

以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 贾东旭等 申万宏源宏观 . 关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 贾东旭 摘要 事件： 5月09日，央行发布2025年一季度货币政策执行报告（以下简称《报告》）。 央行对外部环境关注度显著提高，《报告》指出"当前外部冲击影响加大，世界经济增长动能不足，贸易 保护主义抬头，地缘冲突持续存在"。 2024年四季度报告对应表述是"当前外部环境变化带来的不利影响 加深"。两次相比较，本次更加突出了外部环境的不利影响，显示出央行密切关注美国单边贸易保护主义 对我国经济的扰动。 央行肯定一季度经济表现，并强调要"要坚定发展信心，以高质量发展的确定性应对外部环境变化的不确 定性"。 2024年四季度报告认为"国内需求不足、风险隐患仍然较多等困难挑战也还存在"，而本次报告则 认为"我国经济持续回升向好的基础还需要进一步稳固"。针对下一阶段，央行强调我国具备诸多优势条 件，经济长期向好的基本趋势没有改变。 政策基调：灵活把握政策实施的力度和节奏，降低银行负债成本。 总基调方面，《报告》提出"灵活把握政策实施的力度和节 ...

摘要 事件： 5月09日，央行发布2025年一季度货币政策执行报告（以下简称《报告》）。 经济形势分析：当前外部冲击影响加大，我国经济持续回升向好的基础还需要进一步稳固。 央行对外部环境关注度显著提高，《报告》指出"当前外部冲击影响加大，世界经济增长动能不足，贸易 保护主义抬头，地缘冲突持续存在"。 2024年四季度报告对应表述是"当前外部环境变化带来的不利影响 加深"。两次相比较，本次更加突出了外部环境的不利影响，显示出央行密切关注美国单边贸易保护主义 对我国经济的扰动。 央行肯定一季度经济表现，并强调要"要坚定发展信心，以高质量发展的确定性应对外部环境变化的不确 定性"。 2024年四季度报告认为"国内需求不足、风险隐患仍然较多等困难挑战也还存在"，而本次报告则 认为"我国经济持续回升向好的基础还需要进一步稳固"。针对下一阶段，央行强调我国具备诸多优势条 件，经济长期向好的基本趋势没有改变。 政策基调：灵活把握政策实施的力度和节奏，降低银行负债成本。 总基调方面，《报告》提出"灵活把握政策实施的力度和节奏"，后续货币政策或更重视执行过程中的动 态响应。 《报告》将上季度报告的"择机调整优化"，修改为"灵活 ...

央视网消息：5月9日，中国人民银行发布2025年一季度中国货币政策执行报告。报告显示，一季度货币政策逆周期调节效果明显，人民币 汇率在合理均衡水平上保持基本稳定。 专家表示，从一季度货币政策报告可以看出具体政策操作进一步优化，比如调整中期借贷便利（MLF）中标方式、优化两项资本市场支 持工具，将支农再贷款和支小再贷款合并为支农支小再贷款等。 招联首席研究员董希淼表示，在各项货币政策支持下，货币信贷合理增长，社会综合融资成本稳步下行，信贷结构进一步优化，持续多 年、多次降准降息的累积效应不断显现，社会融资环境总体处于较为宽松状态。 一季度货币政策执行报告解读：加大支持实体经济力度 支持扩大消费 专家表示，一季度货币政策执行报告中，新的政策信号不断释放，包括进一步加大支持实体经济力度、支持扩大消费等。 在进一步加大支持实体经济力度方面，报告释放出积极的信号，货币政策持续保持适度宽松力度。在支持扩大消费方面，报告对此进行了 专题论述，5000亿元服务消费与养老再贷款也于9日正式推出。市场预计，未来服务领域的消费潜力有望进一步激发释放。 我国广义政府总资产相当于GDP的166%，总负债相当于GDP的75%，净资产约占 ...

Core Viewpoint - Japan's national debt is projected to reach a record high of 1,323.7155 trillion yen by the end of the fiscal year 2024, reflecting a significant increase due to rising government expenditures amid inflation and insufficient tax revenue [1][2]. Group 1: National Debt and Budget - The total national debt, consisting of government bonds, loans, and short-term securities, has increased by 26.554 trillion yen compared to the end of the fiscal year 2023, marking the ninth consecutive year of record highs [1]. - The Japanese Diet approved a budget of 115.1978 trillion yen for the fiscal year 2025, which is the highest in history [2]. Group 2: Defense Spending - The defense budget has risen to approximately 8.7 trillion yen, surpassing the previous year's record of 7.9496 trillion yen [3]. - Criticism has emerged regarding the prioritization of military spending over addressing the impact of rising living costs on citizens [3]. Group 3: Economic Growth Data - The Cabinet Office has revised down the actual GDP growth for the fourth quarter of the previous year from 0.7% to 0.6% quarter-on-quarter, and from 2.8% to 2.2% year-on-year [4]. - There are indications that Japan's economy may experience negative growth in the first quarter of this year, according to economic analysts [4].