答：欧盟委员会于2025年6月20日出台措施，限制中国企业和产品参与其医疗器械公共采购，持续在公 共采购领域对中国企业设置壁垒。中方多次通过双边对话表示，愿与欧方通过对话磋商和双边政府采购 安排等方式妥处分歧。令人遗憾的是，欧方不顾中国释放的善意和诚意，仍一意孤行，采取限制措施， 构筑新的保护主义壁垒。因此，中方不得不采取对等限制措施。相关措施是为了维护中国企业的合法权 益，维护公平竞争的环境。中方措施只针对自欧盟进口医疗器械产品，在华欧资企业生产产品不受影 响。(商务部官网) 商务部新闻发言人就在政府采购活动中对自欧盟进口的医疗器械采取相关措施答记者问。问：我们注意 到，欧委会近期出台措施，限制中国企业和产品参与其医疗器械公共采购。中方于7月6日发布通知，决 定在政府采购活动中对部分自欧盟进口的医疗器械采取相关措施。请问商务部对此有何评论？ ...

Core Points - The article discusses the ongoing trade tensions initiated by the Trump administration, highlighting the imposition of tariffs and the subsequent negotiations with various countries [1][23][28] - It emphasizes the challenges faced by the U.S. in achieving its ambitious goal of reaching 90 agreements within 90 days, with only a few countries having reached any agreements so far [1][28] Group 1: U.S. Trade Strategy - The Trump administration's strategy involves high tariffs and extreme pressure tactics to force concessions from trade partners [1][10] - The U.S. has only reached agreements with a limited number of countries, including the UK, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, falling short of the target set by trade advisor Navarro [1][2][28] Group 2: China's Response - China has firmly opposed unilateral trade protectionism and has implemented a series of countermeasures, including tariffs and export controls on rare earth materials [2][4] - A significant agreement was reached on May 12, where both the U.S. and China agreed to reduce tariffs by 91% on each other's goods, marking a rare instance of mutual tariff reduction [2][4] Group 3: U.K. Trade Agreement - The U.K. was one of the first countries to reach a trade agreement with the U.S., but the deal is criticized for lacking substance and failing to address key issues like steel and aluminum tariffs [6][10] - The agreement is seen as largely symbolic, with experts noting that the U.K. made significant concessions without achieving meaningful outcomes [6][10] Group 4: Vietnam's Trade Deal - The trade agreement with Vietnam is viewed as highly unequal, with the U.S. imposing a 20% tariff on Vietnamese goods while granting zero tariffs on U.S. products [7][10] - Economic analysts predict that this deal could negatively impact Vietnam's GDP growth by 0.8% to 1.3% [7][10] Group 5: EU's Stance - The EU has adopted a strong stance against U.S. tariffs, demanding reductions in existing tariffs and preparing for potential retaliatory measures [11][14] - The EU is ready to impose tariffs on U.S. goods worth up to €210 billion if negotiations fail, indicating a serious commitment to countering U.S. trade policies [14][27] Group 6: Japan's Negotiation Challenges - Japan has engaged in multiple rounds of negotiations with the U.S. but has not reached a satisfactory agreement, particularly regarding auto tariffs and agricultural market access [15][16] - The negotiations have stalled due to significant differences in tariff expectations, with the U.S. demanding a 25% tariff on Japanese cars [15][16] Group 7: Other Economies' Responses - Canada and South Korea have also faced challenges in negotiations, with Canada recently retracting a digital services tax to appease U.S. demands [20][22] - South Korea's negotiations are complicated by existing free trade agreements, leading to slow progress [22][20] Group 8: Global Trade Implications - The ongoing trade war is expected to have significant negative impacts on the U.S. economy, including increased consumer costs and decreased competitiveness [24][25] - The World Trade Organization has downgraded its global trade growth forecast, indicating a broader impact on international trade dynamics [27][28]

Core Points - China has decided to impose anti-dumping duties on 30 countries, with the highest rate reaching 103.1%, aimed at protecting its domestic industries from harm, with a duration of five years [1][3] - The countries affected include the 27 EU nations, the UK, South Korea, and Indonesia, primarily due to dumping practices related to stainless steel products [3][4] - The highest anti-dumping duty is on South Korea at 103.1%, while the EU and UK face a rate of 43%, and Indonesia has the lowest at 20.2% [3][5] Summary by Sections Anti-Dumping Duties - China will start imposing anti-dumping duties on July 1, 2025, for a period of five years against 30 countries due to dumping of stainless steel products [3] - South Korea faces the highest duty at 103.1%, with POSCO being an exception at 23.1% due to its compliance efforts [3] - The EU and UK will incur a duty of 43%, while Indonesia's duty is set at 20.2% [3] Trade Protectionism - The article highlights the hypocrisy of Western nations, particularly the EU, which have initiated trade protectionism under the guise of protecting local industries without substantial evidence [4] - China has stated that affected countries can appeal the decision, indicating a willingness to reconsider if presented with sufficient justification [4] EU and US Relations - The EU is under pressure regarding its reliance on China for rare earth materials, and despite its demands, China has not fully acquiesced [7] - The EU has shown signs of compromise with the US regarding tariffs, indicating a willingness to accept a 10% general tariff in exchange for exemptions in key sectors [9] - The article suggests that the EU's dependence on the US market makes it difficult for them to confront the US directly [9] Impact on US Market - The article discusses the unintended consequences of Trump's tariff policies, which were intended to boost US manufacturing but have led to increased costs for American consumers [11] - The rising costs have prompted US buyers to seek ways to circumvent tariffs, highlighting the challenges of finding alternatives to Chinese manufacturing [11] - The overall sentiment is that engaging with China requires sincerity from both the EU and the US, as China's retaliatory measures are seen as a response to excessive pressure [11]

这几年，越南真是把"左右为难"演成了极致。不顾中国警告，越南火速和美国签了一纸"零关税"协议， 以为自己从此能搭上美国这艘"高质量发展快船"。可谁能想到，前脚刚签完，扭头一看，美国居然转身 就去跟中国示好，连芯片禁令都开始松口了……这操作，活脱脱就是拿越南当跳板使。 而越南，真就被"爸爸"狠狠坑了一把。 越南"低头认亲"，美国"高高举刀" 协议里暗藏一条"毒药"：凡是经由越南转运的"第三国"商品，一律征收超过40%的惩罚性关税说白了， 就是针对中国。这种条款，摆明了是政治问题，披着经济外衣而已。 越南"偷鸡不成蚀把米"，经济和外交双输 "零关税"换来的，不是合作，是套路 越南想得挺好：我给你开后门、让利、示好，你是不是也该给点回报？ 可美国人是什么人？翻脸比翻书还快。这边刚签完协议，没几天，美国就主动开放对中国某些产品的进 口限制，连科技领域的出口许可都开始恢复了。 什么意思？美国压根就没打算跟越南"共进退"，他只是在利用越南的对华通道，替自己打下一张"围堵 中国"的地缘牌。 而真正的目标，从头到尾都不是越南，而是通过这项协议逼迫越南表态：你，是站在我美国这边，还是 跟中国一起混？ 这才是最狠的地方。 还记得 ...

Global Economic Outlook - The global economic growth outlook has deteriorated in the first half of the year due to trade tensions, but a moderate recovery is expected in the second half supported by fiscal and monetary easing in major countries [1][2] - The U.S. tariff policy has been a significant factor affecting global economic performance, with recent agreements easing trade tensions [1][6] - Analysts suggest that the current economic cycle resembles that of the second half of 2019, with expectations of further monetary easing from the Federal Reserve and fiscal expansion in the U.S., Europe, and China [1][4] Monetary and Fiscal Policies - The current round of global monetary easing has been ongoing for over a year, with significant rate cuts from the European Central Bank, the Federal Reserve, and the Bank of England [4] - The U.S. is expected to implement 1-2 rate cuts in the second half of the year, contingent on employment and inflation data [4][6] - The U.S. Congress has passed a significant tax and spending bill, projected to increase the deficit by $3.5 trillion to $4.2 trillion over the next decade, which is expected to stimulate investment and consumption [5][6] Trade and Inflation Concerns - Trade protectionism continues to pose risks to global economic growth, with projections indicating that growth in 2025 will remain below long-term trends [10][11] - Analysts highlight that the resolution of tariff issues will be crucial for the growth outlook, particularly for Asian economies [11][12] - Recent surveys indicate a more optimistic outlook for the global economy, with a notable increase in respondents expecting improvement in economic conditions [9] Regional Economic Projections - Fitch Ratings has revised its global economic growth forecast for 2025 upward, reflecting improved expectations due to easing trade tensions [7] - The U.S. economy is projected to grow by 1.5% in 2025, with similar upward adjustments for China and the Eurozone [7] - Despite a generally positive outlook, the potential for continued trade disputes remains a significant concern for economic stability [10][11]

Core Points - The "Big and Beautiful" tax and spending bill, pushed by President Trump, was passed by the U.S. Senate with a vote of 51 to 50 [1] - Elon Musk criticized the bill, warning it could escalate tensions and exacerbate existing issues [1] - Analysts noted the bill reflects deep contradictions in American democracy, claiming it benefits the wealthy while harming the poor [1] Tax Structure - The bill aims to make permanent the corporate tax rate at 21% and increase the estate tax exemption to $15 million, while maintaining a 37% income tax rate for those earning over $500,000 [4] - The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) reported that the top 10% of households would see a 2% increase in assets, while the bottom 10% would experience a 4% decrease due to welfare cuts, widening the wealth gap [4] Fiscal Impact - The bill is projected to increase the national debt by $2.4 trillion over the next decade, with total debt reaching $30 trillion when including interest costs [5] - The tax foundation estimates a $2.6 trillion increase in the fiscal deficit over the same period [5] - The bill's policies may lead to a stagnation in economic growth by 2025, contradicting claims that economic growth can absorb debt [5] Social Welfare Cuts - The bill imposes strict work requirements for Medicaid, potentially leaving 10.9 million people without health insurance by 2034 [5] - Food stamp benefits are reduced, with daily subsidies dropping from $5.90 to $4.80, leading to a 40% increase in applications for food aid [7] - The bill also increases defense spending to a record $895 billion, raising concerns about prioritizing military funding over social welfare [7] Global Economic Ramifications - The U.S. national debt surpassed $36.22 trillion, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 124% [8] - The bill includes provisions that could impose punitive tariffs on countries implementing digital service taxes, potentially disrupting global trade [10] - Analysts predict that these measures could lead to significant sell-offs in U.S. stocks and bonds, affecting the overall market [11] Public Trust and Political Climate - Public trust in the federal government has reached its lowest level since 1958, with only 16% of respondents expressing confidence in the government's ability to act correctly [13] - Over half of the surveyed population believes that American democracy needs a complete overhaul, indicating widespread dissatisfaction with the current political system [14] - The bill is seen as a reflection of the deepening crisis in American democracy, exacerbating social inequality and undermining the U.S.'s global leadership [14]

据报道，众议院议长约翰逊和特朗普亲自对反对者施加了强大压力。特朗普此前已多次敦促国会共和党 人争取在7月4日独立日前将法案送交他签署。 该法案两天前刚在参议院勉强通过，以51票对50票获得通过。由于共和党在参议院仅占微弱多数，副总 统万斯投下了关键的决定性一票，打破了平局。 智通财经APP获悉，美国总统特朗普推动的一项大规模税收与支出法案于周四在众议院获得通过，标志 着他在推动其广泛国内政策议程上取得了重大胜利。这项被特朗普称为"大而美法案"的立法计划，现已 送交总统签署，将正式成为法律。 最终投票结果为218票赞成、214票反对，其中共和党籍的肯塔基州议员Thomas Massie和宾夕法尼亚州 议员Brian Fitzpatrick与众议院的所有民主党人一道投下了反对票。 这项法案包含数万亿美元的减税政策以及加强移民执法的预算，同时也伴随着对医疗补助和其他社会福 利项目的大幅削减。尽管部分共和党议员对法案可能加剧美国财政赤字表示担忧，共和党领导层仍对法 案通过表示有信心。 该法案结束了对太阳能和风能的长期支持，同时为石油、天然气和煤炭生产创造了友好的环境。特朗普 已经明确了他在能源生产方面的优先事项。石油 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. tariff policy is causing economic isolation, harming American consumers and businesses, and threatening decades of progress in global cooperation and prosperity [1][2] - The unilateral tariff measures have raised concerns internationally, leading to price increases and business uncertainties that are already evident [1][2] - The U.S. international image is deteriorating as unilateral actions undermine the rule-based international order, affecting global economic cooperation and supply chain stability [1] Group 2 - Tariffs are expected to be passed on to consumers, resulting in price increases for various goods, with an average loss of $4,400 per American household according to a Yale study [2] - The reduction in imports is weakening competition for domestic producers, leading to further price hikes and potential layoffs in sectors reliant on global supply chains [2] - The lack of transparency and coherence in U.S. trade policies is inhibiting long-term planning for businesses, stifling innovation and growth, and reducing competitiveness both domestically and internationally [2]

Group 1: Trade Agreement with Vietnam - The U.S. signed a new trade agreement with Vietnam, marking the third trade deal during Trump's presidency [2] - Under the agreement, Vietnam's exports to the U.S. will incur a 20% tariff, while "transshipment" goods will face a 40% tariff [2] - Vietnam agreed to eliminate tariffs on U.S. imports, which previously faced a potential 46% tariff [2][4] - The trade deficit between the U.S. and Vietnam reached $123.5 billion in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 18.1% [4] - The agreement is seen as a small victory for the U.S., aiming to address the significant trade deficit with Vietnam [4] Group 2: Economic Context and Employment Data - Recent ADP employment data revealed a loss of 33,000 private sector jobs in June, marking the first negative growth since March 2023 [7] - The average job growth over the past three months is at its lowest since the onset of the pandemic, particularly affecting the service sector [7] - Following the disappointing employment data, market speculation increased regarding potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [7][10] Group 3: Implications for China and Global Trade - The trade agreement with Vietnam reflects a similar strategy to Trump's previous tariffs on China, aiming to bring manufacturing back to the U.S. [5] - Vietnam's smaller economic size compared to China allows for quicker compromises in trade negotiations [5] - The U.S. is also engaged in trade negotiations with Japan, facing challenges over tariffs on Japanese imports, particularly in the automotive sector [8][9] - The ongoing trade dynamics may influence the relocation of manufacturing orders from Vietnam back to China, depending on cost considerations [12]

Group 1 - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce announced tariffs on 30 products from various countries as a countermeasure against trade protectionism, marking the beginning of an international economic and trade confrontation [1][3] - India has imposed a temporary safeguard tariff of 12% on Chinese steel after progress in US-India trade negotiations, indicating a strategy to gain favor with the US [1][3] - The EU is collaborating with the US to address China's "overcapacity" issues, with some EU leaders expressing willingness to align with US policies in exchange for tariff reductions [1][3] Group 2 - China has implemented anti-dumping duties on products from the EU, UK, South Korea, and Indonesia for five years, effective July 1, following previous anti-dumping measures taken by these countries against Chinese goods [3][5] - The EU has expressed concerns over China's control of rare earth exports, with officials demanding the restoration of open trade, but China has tightened regulations in this sector [5][7] - The current international landscape is characterized by rising trade protectionism, with China firmly defending its interests and willing to engage in equal negotiations with countries that show sincerity [7]