21世纪经济报道记者王峰 北京报道4月30日，十四届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过民营经济促 进法，自2025年5月20日起施行。 民营经济促进法共9章78条，包括总则、公平竞争、投资融资促进、科技创新、规范经营、服务保障、 权益保护、法律责任和附则。 新华社报道称，作为我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，民营经济促进法将进一步优化民 营经济发展环境，保证各类经济组织公平参与市场竞争，促进民营经济健康发展和民营经济人士健康成 长，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，发挥民营经济在国民经济和社会发展中的重要作用。 填补市场经济制度空白 民营经济促进法的出台可以说是万众瞩目。 截至2024年9月底，全国登记在册的民营企业数量超过5500万户，占全国企业总数的92%以上。其中， 国家高新技术企业中民营企业占比超过92%。 "民营经济促进法审议通过，就像一场'及时雨'，让民营经济在中国式现代化征程中扎根更深、生长更 活跃。"全国工商联副主席、奇安信集团董事长齐向东说。 近年来，国家出台了一系列支持民营经济发展的政策法规。2005年，中小企业促进法和《国务院关于鼓 励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意 ...

▲2025年4月1日，在德国汉诺威工业博览会上，人们在宇树科技展区观看机器狗演示。图/新华社 但与此同时必须看到，随着全球经济格局深刻调整，民营企业面临着需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三 重压力，一些深层次问题逐渐显现：产权保护不到位、市场准入尚有隐性壁垒、融资难融资贵等顽疾， 如同无形的枷锁制约着创新活力。"玻璃门""弹簧门""旋转门"等问题时有发生，部分民营企业家也因此 对未来发展信心不足、观望情绪浓厚。 面对这些深层次矛盾，单纯地依靠临时性扶持政策和行政手段已难以根本解决，必须依靠法治手段建立 长效机制，为民营经济提供稳定、透明、可预期的发展环境。 法治化的制度保障是破除发展梗阻的关键钥匙。民营经济促进法正是在这种背景下应运而生。从此前的 草案修订到本次表决通过，每一次的更新进展都广受民营企业家关注。而随着法律的出台，也意味着首 次在国家法律层面明确了民营经济的平等地位和发展权利，规定各类所有制主体依法享有平等使用生产 要素、公开公平公正参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的权利。 更重要的是，通过法律形式确立民营经济平等市场主体地位，不仅有助于消除社会偏见，也为营商环境 优化打下了坚实的法治基石。 当然，法律 ...

Core Points - The "Private Economy Promotion Law" is the first foundational law specifically aimed at the development of the private economy in China, set to take effect on May 20, 2025, and includes multiple chapters on fair competition, investment financing promotion, service guarantees, and rights protection [2][3] - The law reflects the government's commitment to fostering a favorable environment for the private economy and is a legal embodiment of various reforms and policies aimed at enhancing the private sector's role in the economy [2][3] - The law emphasizes the principle of equal treatment in the market economy, ensuring that private economic organizations have equal legal status, market opportunities, and development rights compared to other economic entities [3][4] Fair Competition and Investment Promotion - The law includes specific provisions for fair competition and investment financing, aiming to address issues such as market entry barriers and the exclusion of private economic organizations [3][4] - It establishes a framework for regular reviews of market access barriers and prohibits practices that restrict or exclude private enterprises [3] Rights Protection - The law outlines clear regulations regarding the protection of rights, including the lawful execution of measures that restrict personal freedom and the prohibition of illegal interventions in economic disputes [4][5] - Recent procedural refinements by various legal departments, including the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Public Security, are expected to facilitate the implementation of the law [5] Legal Framework and Implementation - The law serves as a reminder of the importance of legal frameworks in regulating public power and ensuring equal treatment for private enterprises within the legal order [4][5] - Effective implementation of the law requires systemic support and the establishment of clear responsibilities and constraints on enforcement powers [5]

以市场规律为牵引 构建多元协同能源生态链 习近平总书记在民营企业座谈会上强调，新时代新征程民营经济发展前景广阔、大有可为。扎扎实实落实促进民营经济发展的 政策措施，是当前促进民营经济发展的工作重点。这一重要论述为新时代民营经济发展指明了方向。4月28日，《国家能源局关 于促进能源领域民营经济发展若干举措的通知》（以下简称《通知》）公开发布，引导民营经济在推进能源绿色低碳转型和建 设新型能源体系中做大做优做强。在加快构建新型能源体系的背景下，作为关乎国计民生的能源领域，必须充分释放民营经济 的创新活力与市场灵活性，形成国有经济与民营经济相互促进、共同发展的良好局面。《通知》遵循市场经济基本规律，促进 能源领域民营经济健康发展，为民营经济参与新型能源体系建设稳固市场根基、增强发展动能、激发市场活力提供坚实基础， 对于保障国家能源安全、推动能源结构优化升级、实现能源高质量发展具有重大战略意义。 一、稳基础：能源领域民营经济重要性凸显 我国能源行业基于计划经济体制演变而来。新中国成立以来，基本建立起包括煤炭、石油、天然气、电力、核能、可再生能源 等的多样化能源工业体系。在以打基础、搭架子、聚资源为主要特征的能源发展初 ...

中新社深圳4月29日电 题：中国民营企业如何更好出海？ ——专访前海国际事务研究院院长郑永年 中新社记者 索有为 郑永年：深圳是改革开放的产物，完全是外向型经济，深圳过去多年的制造业发展，主要是靠外资和西方技术的应用，然后实 现转化，当然这个转化非常重要。深圳改革开放走过近45年的历程，在中国乃至世界经济版图里的显著标志就是制造业和创 2020年7月22日，摄影师在深圳前海嘉里中心顶层的"空中花园"拍摄城市风光。 中新社记者 苏丹 摄 新。目前，深圳拥有一批在高质量发展领域起到引领作用的民营企业，如腾讯、华为、大疆等，示范了很好的中国模式。 当下，中国经济发展迈上新征程，民营企业面临内外部环境的深刻变化。著名学者、前海国际事务研究院院长郑永年近日接受 中新社"东西问"专访，围绕民营企业目前发展的机遇和挑战予以深度剖析，并以深圳民营企业为例，就民营企业对中国经济的 重要性、民营企业如何更好出海等发表见解。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 中新社记者：请您分析下深圳民营企业在特区成长史中的作用。 郑永年：人们经常用"56789"这组数字来形容中国的民营经济，即民营经济贡献了50%以上的税收，60%以上的国内生产总值， 7 ...

能源领域民营经济发展 支撑有力 空间广阔 华北电力大学教授、国家能源发展战略研究院执行院长 王鹏 促进民营经济健康发展、高质量发展，是习近平总书记在民营企业座谈会上的明确要求。国家能源局深 入贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话精神，就促进能源领域民营经济发展进行专题研究部署，印发《国家能源 局关于促进能源领域民营经济发展若干举措的通知》（以下简称《通知》），凸显了不折不扣落实中央 要求的政治责任担当，凸显了遵循社会主义基本经济制度推动能源绿色低碳转型和建设新型能源体系的 信心决心。 一、《通知》立足能源领域民营经济基础，强化发展动能 能源行业坚定落实"两个毫不动摇"，发展各种所有制经济的功能和作用，近年来积累了雄厚的物质基 础。特别是党的十八大以来，在政策大力支持和市场有效驱动下，民营经济在能源领域不断发展壮大， 运营总体活跃。民营企业紧紧抓住政策红利和市场机遇，逆势增长，中国式现代化的"生力军"作用初步 显现。能源企业"500强"中，民营企业营收总额保持增长势头，占"500强"营收总额的比重接近三成。特 别是在新能源领域，民营企业发挥着创新引领的作用，能源民营企业前100名中有九成企业聚集在光 伏、电池、新能源汽车、 ...

Group 1 - The private economy is a vital force in promoting Chinese-style modernization and high-quality development, as emphasized by Xi Jinping's remarks on the broad prospects for private economic development [1][2] - The theoretical policies regarding the private economy have evolved significantly over the past 40 years, reflecting a deepening understanding of its role and importance within the socialist system [2][3] - The number of private enterprises in China has increased to 56.707 million as of January 2025, a 5.2-fold increase since 2012, representing over 92% of all enterprises in the country [3] Group 2 - The private economy has shown significant growth in scale, innovation capability, and market competitiveness, contributing over 70% of technological innovations in the country [3][4] - By 2024, the total import and export volume of private enterprises is expected to reach 24.33 trillion yuan, accounting for 55.5% of China's total foreign trade [3] - The overall economic environment in China remains favorable for the development of the private economy, supported by a robust industrial system and a large consumer market [4][5] Group 3 - The government has implemented a series of policies to optimize the business environment for private enterprises, including the release of the "Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Private Economy" [5] - The political, economic, and social environments are currently very conducive to the growth of the private economy, with a focus on fair competition and legal protections [5][6] - Challenges facing the private economy include cyclical economic issues and external environmental changes, but these are seen as temporary and manageable [6] Group 4 - Companies are encouraged to pursue high-quality development by focusing on core competencies, technological innovation, and improving internal governance [6] - The importance of adapting to market changes and consumer demands is highlighted, with examples of companies successfully transforming through digitalization and innovation [10][12] - The narrative of private enterprises emphasizes the need for a proactive approach to embrace change and enhance competitiveness in a global market [15]

Group 1 - In the first quarter, China's private investment grew by 0.4% year-on-year, with private investment in manufacturing and infrastructure increasing by 9.7% and 9.3% respectively, outperforming the average across all sectors [1] - The increase in private investment reflects the effectiveness of policies aimed at supporting the development of the private economy, as barriers to market entry are being dismantled and enterprise-related fees are being regulated [1][3] - Several listed companies are actively planning new investment projects, indicating a positive trend in private investment [1] Group 2 - The "Two New" policies have significantly boosted private investment, with over 80% of funds for industrial equipment updates and recycling projects directed towards private enterprises [2] - Private investment is notably rising in sectors such as new energy vehicles and smart automotive technologies, which are characterized by large market sizes and strong growth prospects [2] - The growth in private investment in infrastructure, which increased by 9.3%, is higher than the overall infrastructure investment growth rate, indicating heightened enthusiasm from private enterprises for participating in major projects [2][3] Group 3 - Recent government initiatives aim to enhance private enterprise participation in major projects, including nuclear power and energy infrastructure, with a focus on attracting private investment [3][4] - The manufacturing sector's Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) reached 50.5% in March, indicating expansion and increased business activity [3] - The overall environment for private enterprises is improving, as evidenced by a significant rise in the China Small and Medium Enterprises Development Index, reaching its highest level since 2020 [3] Group 4 - A series of supportive policies for private enterprises are being implemented, including the release of a negative list for market entry and guidelines for regulating enterprise-related fees [4][5] - The government is focusing on expanding domestic demand and optimizing the business environment for private enterprises, which is crucial for boosting confidence and promoting private investment growth [5]

Group 1 - The report suggests issuing an additional 2 trillion to 3 trillion yuan in special government bonds to enhance fiscal policy effectiveness [1][2] - It emphasizes the need to accelerate the issuance of remaining special bonds and government bonds in the second quarter [2] - The report highlights the importance of promoting consumption to boost economic growth, recommending short-term issuance of consumption vouchers supported by the new bonds [2] Group 2 - The establishment of a 2 trillion yuan stock market stabilization fund is recommended to support capital market stability [3] - The report advocates for the introduction of a "technology board" in the bond market to enhance support for technological innovation [3] - It calls for measures to stabilize the real estate, stock, and foreign exchange markets, including promoting healthy development in the real estate sector [2][3] Group 3 - The report addresses challenges faced by foreign trade enterprises, proposing financial support for market expansion and structural transformation [3] - It suggests tax reductions and increased unemployment insurance fund returns for struggling enterprises to alleviate financial pressure [3] - The report indicates that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has lowered global economic growth forecasts, with China's growth expected to be 4.0%, still above the global average [1]

以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 贾东旭 等 申万宏源宏观 . 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 作者： 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 贾东旭 报告正文 事件：4月28日，国新办举行新闻发布会，介绍稳就业稳经济推动高质量发展政策措施。 稳内需、稳就业相辅相成。促消费政策侧重改善服务消费供给，稳投资侧重既有政策落地 消费方面，除了继续拨付消费品以旧换新补贴资金外，政策后续还将通过建立育儿补贴制度、创设专项再 贷款工具等多维发力。 发改委副主任赵辰昕透露第二批以旧换新补贴资金已拨付到位，后续仍有1400亿元 待分配额度。服务消费方面聚焦供给侧，央行副行长邹澜表示"着重从服务消费供给侧发力，聚焦文旅体 育、餐饮住宿、教育培训等重点领域，加大金融支持力度"，预计配套再贷款工具将加快落地。值得关注的 是，赵主任明确表示"将建立实施育儿补贴制度"，此举既可稳定人口长期趋势，又能短期提振相关消费。 投资方面，政策着重加快项目落地，通过政策性开发性金融工具破解资本金缺口问题。 本本次发布会实质 是对4月政治局会议决策的深化落实：一方面，发改委提出"力争6月底前 ...