近年来，上海不断出台政策加持民营经济，尤其是总部经济发展，民营企业总部正成为上海经济发 展新的增长点。然而近期，"出台了这么多政策，为何民营经济还是一蹶不振"相关论调引发关注。调研 发现，"市场的冰山、融资的高山、转型的火山"等一系列问题导致了民营总部经济承压严重。应深入分 析上海民营总部经济高质量发展的瓶颈问题，梳理民营企业核心期盼和急需的支持举措，提出引领性的 主要观点和可操作的具体建议。 1 五大瓶颈 第一，门槛偏高，创新型民营企业总部吸引力不足，难以适应全球科创中心发展要求。《上海市鼓 励设立民营企业总部的若干意见》（沪商规〔2019〕1号）文中，民营企业总部认定要求为：上年末资 产总额达到1亿元人民币；上年度营业收入超过10亿元人民币；除本市外，拥有2个或2个以上分支机 构。这对于生产研发型民营企业来说门槛相对偏高，特别是一些处于初创型的民营研发企业来说门槛比 较高。短期看，很难在创新型总部企业吸引力上给民营企业带来更有力的政策放大效应，长期看，也会 给高端产业发展，特别是"卡脖子"产业发展带来不利影响。 第二，总量偏低，民营总部经济发展总量和质量均有待进一步提高。2022年，上海民营经济占比仅 为 ...

3月24日，济南市统计局公布2024年济南市国民经济和社会发展统计公报。 2024年济南市社会消费品零售总额5213.2亿元 齐鲁晚报.齐鲁壹点管悦 升级类消费需求不断释放。济南市限额以上单位新能源汽车实现零售额240.6亿元，比上年增长 12.1%，连续六年保持两位数增长，占全市限额以上单位汽车类商品零售额的比重为37.5%，较上年提 高5.6个百分点。通讯器材类商品零售额101.3亿元，增长37.8%；体育娱乐用品类商品零售额14.2亿元， 增长82.8%。 线上消费表现相对较好。济南市举办2024年网上年货节、618年中大促、2024济南电商季等专题活 动，新获评省级电商供应链基地、电商云仓等示范项目11个，全市限额以上批发和零售业单位通过公共 网络实现的商品零售额453.2亿元，增长3.1%，占全市限额以上单位消费品零售额的比重为23.2%，较上 年提高1.1个百分点。 齐鲁晚报.齐鲁壹点记者获悉，2024年，济南市社会消费品零售总额5213.2亿元，比上年增长 0.3%。按经营单位所在地分，全市城镇消费品零售额4577.8亿元，比上年增长0.4%；乡村消费品零售额 635.4亿元，下降0.3%。按消 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the disparity between tax revenue growth and nominal GDP growth, highlighting that in 2024, tax revenue growth is expected to lag behind nominal GDP growth by 7.6 percentage points, which poses a constraint on fiscal expansion. The analysis aims to explore whether tax growth can reverse this trend under a more proactive fiscal stance in 2025 [1]. Group 1: Tax Revenue and GDP Growth Patterns - Historical data shows a non-symmetrical fluctuation characteristic between tax revenue growth and nominal GDP growth, with a tax elasticity coefficient of approximately 2, meaning tax revenue growth typically fluctuates around zero when GDP growth is at a 5% baseline [2][7]. - The primary source of tax revenue elasticity is the income tax mechanism, where corporate profits fluctuate more than revenue, and personal income tax features a progressive rate that causes tax growth to exceed income growth [8]. - The decline in tax revenue in 2024 is primarily attributed to decreases in domestic value-added tax, export tax rebates, deed tax, and land value-added tax, with a total decline of 616.4 billion yuan, or 3.4% year-on-year [9][10]. Group 2: Industry Tax Burden Disparities - The concentration of tax revenue is significantly higher than that of GDP, with the top five industries contributing 77.4% of tax revenue compared to 58.8% of GDP [13]. - High tax burden industries include real estate, finance, and leasing services, with tax-to-value-added ratios exceeding 20%, while low tax burden industries are primarily in agriculture, education, and health [14]. - The tax revenue of the manufacturing and wholesale retail sectors is primarily influenced by fluctuations in the Producer Price Index (PPI), while the real estate sector's tax revenue is closely linked to land acquisition and property sales cycles [15][16]. Group 3: Tax Revenue Trends for 2025 - Tax revenue is expected to recover to 2023 levels, with a projected average growth rate of 3.9% across 21 provinces, indicating a potential return to approximately 18 trillion yuan in total tax revenue [19][20]. - The anticipated recovery in tax revenue is supported by a predicted slight improvement in PPI and manageable declines in credit growth, which are expected to stabilize tax income [18]. - Tax reform is seen as a critical opportunity, with the need to address the declining share of tax revenue in GDP and the necessity for adjustments in the central-local fiscal relationship, particularly in light of pressures from the real estate sector [20].