晨报 成材 成材：缺乏驱动 钢价整理 逻辑：中国人民银行副行长邹澜表示，中国人民银行将用好用足适度 宽松的货币政策，根据国内外经济形势和金融市场运行情况，适时降准降 息，保持流动性充裕，创设新的结构性货币政策工具，围绕稳就业稳增长 重点领域精准加力，做好金融支持。4 月 28 日 Mysteel 统计 76 家独立电 弧炉建筑钢材钢厂平均成本为 3351 元/吨，日环比增加 2 元/吨，平均利 润为-69 元/吨，谷电利润为 36 元/吨，日环比增加 11 元/吨。4 月 21 日 -4 月 27 日，全球船厂共接获 16 艘新船订单。其中中国船厂接获 10 艘新 船订单；韩国船厂接获 6 艘新船订单。 证监许可【2011】1452 号 成 材：武秋婷 成文时间： 2025 年 4 月 29 日 重要声明： 后期关注/风险因素：宏观政策；下游需求情况。 整理 投资咨询业务资格： 负责人：赵 毅 从业资格号：F3059924 投资咨询号：Z0002978 电话：010-62688526 从业资格号：F3078638 投资咨询号：Z0018248 电话：010-62688555 从业资格号：F3038114 投资 ...

| | | | Bloomberg 2021 Innovation Index | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2021 | 2020 | YoY | | Total | R&D | Manufacturing | | High-tech | Tertiary | Researcher | Patent | | Rank | Rank | Change | Economy | Score | Intensity | Value added | Productivity | Density | Efficiency | Concentration | Activity | | | 2 | +1 | S. Korea | 90.49 | 2 | 2 | 36 | ને | 13 | 3 | 1 | | 2 | 3 | +1 | Singapore | 87.76 | 17 | | ୧ | 18 | 1 | 13 | 4 | | 3 | ને | +1 | Sw ...

Group 1 - The American Petroleum Institute (API) warns that the U.S. oil industry cannot comply with President Trump's regulations on Chinese vessels, as there are currently no U.S.-built ships capable of transporting LNG [1] - The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced that starting in 180 days, port fees will be imposed on Chinese vessels, with restrictions on foreign ships transporting LNG to the U.S. beginning in three years [1] - The USTR's measures are intended to encourage the use of U.S.-built ships over a 22-year period, but the API believes compliance is impossible due to the lack of suitable vessels [1] Group 2 - Analysts indicate that LNG producers will struggle to meet USTR's transportation standards due to higher costs of U.S. shipbuilding compared to foreign yards [2] - Currently, Chinese-built vessels account for approximately 7% of the global LNG fleet, but China holds about 28% of the global LNG vessel order volume [2] - The API expresses concerns that USTR's policy could harm the LNG export industry, which generates $34 billion annually, and may lead to future government actions that could suspend export licenses [2] Group 3 - The new USTR regulations have prompted lobbying from other exporters, warning that it will increase shipping costs [3] - Reports indicate that the cost for car carriers docking at U.S. ports could exceed $1 million, effectively acting as a new tariff on imported cars [3] - The Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is assessing the impact of these regulations on Japanese car exports to the U.S. [3]

Core Viewpoint - The opening of the Huai Bin Central Port-Anyang Steel Group's new energy vehicle public-water intermodal transport channel marks a significant step towards low-carbon operations and enhanced logistics services at the Xinyang Port, transitioning it from a single inland river port to a comprehensive national river port [3][4]. Group 1: Low-Carbon Operations and Cost Efficiency - The new intermodal transport channel has led to a nearly 60% reduction in transportation costs for new energy vehicles compared to traditional diesel trucks, significantly decreasing carbon emissions and supporting the port's green development goals [4]. - Since its trial operation began on April 10, 2025, over 50 new energy trucks have been deployed to meet the transportation needs of the Xinyang Minggang Steel Plant [4]. Group 2: Container Throughput Growth - In its first operational year, the Huai Bin Central Port achieved a container throughput of 11,147 TEUs, exceeding its target by 185%. In 2023, the throughput reached 30,464 TEUs, a year-on-year increase of 173.29%, and is projected to reach 50,456 TEUs in 2024, marking a 65.62% growth [6]. - As of April 21, 2025, the cumulative cargo throughput reached 1.2708 million tons, a 152.49% increase, with key cargo types including iron ore, white marble, rice, outdoor furniture, yellow sand, fertilizers, and steel billets [7]. Group 3: Multi-Modal Transport Development - The Huai Bin Central Port has been recognized as a provincial multi-modal transport demonstration project, successfully implementing "iron-water" and "road-river-sea" intermodal transport for various goods [5]. - The port is actively expanding its service capabilities and promoting the application of new energy vehicles, aiming to enhance its logistics services and support regional economic development [7]. Group 4: Regional Economic Impact and Infrastructure Development - The development of the Huai Bin Central Port is part of a broader strategy to create a "one port, four zones" layout and a "one trunk, six branches" waterway network, facilitating high-quality inland shipping development [10]. - The port's growth is expected to stimulate surrounding industries, particularly shipbuilding, logistics, food, and manufacturing, contributing to the overall economic vitality of the region [9]. Group 5: Future Prospects and Strategic Goals - Future projects include the expansion and quality improvement of the port area, the construction of dedicated railway lines, and the establishment of customs supervision and bonded warehouses, aiming to position the Huai Bin Central Port as a key container freight hub in Henan Province [7][10]. - The port aims to integrate various functions, including port operations, shipping, customs clearance, and bonded logistics, to enhance its operational efficiency and sustainability [10].

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration's new "port fee" policy, effective from mid-October, imposes high charges on ships built and operated by China, raising concerns particularly in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector, which may undermine the U.S. energy strategy and economic stability [1][3][5]. LNG Industry Impact - The policy sets a fee of $50 per net ton for Chinese shipowners and operators, while other countries using Chinese-built vessels will incur charges of $18 per net ton or $120 per container [3]. - This will lead to increased transportation costs for the U.S. LNG industry, which is already facing challenges in maintaining its competitive edge globally [3][5]. - The American Petroleum Institute (API) has expressed strong opposition, highlighting the lack of sufficient U.S. shipbuilding capacity to meet LNG vessel demand, projecting that even with investment, U.S. shipyards cannot fulfill needs before 2029 [3][5]. Long-term Contract Stability - The new fees may disrupt existing long-term contracts and threaten the U.S.'s leadership in the global LNG market, increasing procurement costs for global buyers and destabilizing supply chains [5][7]. - The policy could exacerbate risks to the U.S. energy strategy, especially as the country has recently become the largest LNG exporter [5][7]. Shipbuilding Capacity Concerns - The requirement for using U.S.-built and flagged vessels for transporting U.S. LNG is deemed unrealistic, as current U.S. shipyards lack the technology and experience to construct LNG vessels in the short term [7]. - Experts believe that it would take decades for U.S. shipyards to meet market demands for LNG vessel construction, indicating a severe misjudgment by the Trump administration regarding the capabilities of the domestic shipbuilding industry [7][8]. Economic Consequences - The "port fee" policy is characterized as a "self-harming" decision that fails to address the underlying issues of the U.S. shipbuilding industry, potentially leading to more severe economic repercussions [8]. - A more open and cooperative role in the global economy is suggested as a more effective approach for long-term domestic economic growth, rather than imposing protective tariffs like the "port fee" [8].

与特朗普关系密切的美国海军部长约翰・费兰向日本经济新闻透露了这一消息。费兰介绍称，除 了建造船舶之外，还希望日本企业对美国西海岸的造船业进行投资，同时称这是"特朗普非常中 意"的方案…… 日本经济新闻（中文版：日经中文网）日前获悉，围绕造船业，美国政府将从国家安全保障和经 济两个方面向日本寻求合作。美国海军部长约翰・费兰（John Phelan）向日本经济新闻透露了 这一消息。美方除了寻求日美以可转用于军事用途的规格建造商用船舶之外，还希望日本企业对 美国西海岸的造船业进行投资。 美国海军部长约翰・ 费兰将访问日本，并于4月28日在与日本防卫相中谷元等人会谈时转达美方相关建议。他还预定 与日本企业的相关人士会面并考察造船厂。费兰是美国投资公司的创始人，与总统特朗普关系密 切，并于3月就任海军部长。他在访问日本前夕，在华盛顿近郊接受了日本经济新闻的采访。 中国拥有全球5成的造船能力，超过美国的200倍。在中国，无论军用还是商用，都在国家主导下 推进造船业务，海军规模也在拉大相对于美军的领先距离。 费兰介绍称，美国将与在全球造船领域位居第二的同盟国韩国以及位居第三的日本携手，目标是 实现美国造船业的复兴。美方将向 ...

Group 1 - HD Hyundai Heavy Industries announced contracts for the construction of 2 ultra-large container ships with a total value of 559.6 billion KRW (approximately 3.9 million USD) [2] - The ships will be built at HD Hyundai's facility in Jeollanam-do and are scheduled for delivery in the first half of 2028 [2] - The orders are reportedly from Wan Hai Lines, Taiwan's third-largest shipping company, as part of a previous agreement for 4 similar vessels [2] Group 2 - In addition to the recent orders, HD Hyundai Heavy Industries has secured a total of 31 new ship orders worth 4.89 billion USD in 2023, achieving 27.1% of its annual target of 18.05 billion USD [3] - The company has seen a resurgence in container ship demand, with a total of 28 container ship orders worth 4.5 billion USD secured in the second half of last year [3] - As of this year, over 50% of the container ships ordered by HD Hyundai Heavy Industries are accounted for by 16 vessels [3]

以下文章来源于财经杂志 ，作者王静仪 蒋瑛芙 财经杂志 . 《财经》杂志官方微信。《财经》杂志由中国证券市场研究中心主办，1998年创刊，秉承"独立、独家、独到"的新闻理念，以权威性、公正 性、专业性报道见长，是政经学界决策者、研究者、管理者的必读刊物。 本文来自微信公众号： 财经杂志 ，作者：王静仪、蒋瑛芙（实习生），编辑：施智梁，题图来自：视觉中国 一旦中国制造或运营的船舶停靠美国港口，美国将征收额外费用。这是美国贸易代表办公室 （USTR） 于4月17日公布的"港口费"，旨在打击中国航运 业。 港口费分为两类，第一类针对中国船东和运营商，从2025年10月14日开始，每次美国航程会收取每净吨50美元的费用。未来三年，每年增加每净吨30 美元。每艘船舶每年最多只会被征收五次费用。 第二类是针对使用中国制造船舶的非中国运营商 （只针对中国造船舶） ，"港口费"略低，每净吨18美元或每集装箱120美元，择高收取，并在未来三 年内每年按比例增加。 港口费有多贵？以即将停靠美国长滩港的COSCO THAILAND号为例，该船最大载箱量8500TEU （标准箱） ，净吨约5.9万吨，是中美航线的主流船型 之一，由于 ...

Core Points - The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced the results of the 301 investigation into China's shipping, logistics, and shipbuilding industries, detailing new fee structures for Chinese shipping companies and vessels built in China [1][3]. Implementation Details - The implementation of the new measures will occur in two phases: the first phase will take effect in 180 days, imposing fees on Chinese shipowners and operators, as well as on non-U.S. shipping companies using vessels built in China. The fee structure will vary based on the type of vessel, calculated by net tonnage, with a maximum of five charges per year [3][4]. - The second phase, effective in three years, will impose fees on non-U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels docking at U.S. ports, with rates increasing annually. The latest version of the proposal includes a 180-day buffer and narrows the scope of applicable vessels, enhancing the focus on China [4][5]. Industry Reactions - Industry leaders, such as Andrew Abbott, CEO of Atlantic Container Line (ACL), have expressed strong opposition to the legislation, indicating that it could force their company to exit the U.S. market due to the predominance of Chinese-built vessels in their fleet [5][6]. - Despite ACL's unique situation, the overall share of Chinese-built vessels in the global fleet is relatively low, with only 23% of the current fleet being constructed in China [6][7]. Market Statistics - According to Clarkson's data, Chinese-built container ships account for 39% of the global container fleet, while the order book for container ships in 2024 shows China with a 69% share, indicating a significant increase in new orders [7][9]. - The U.S. container shipping market exports approximately 13.9 million TEUs annually and imports 34 million TEUs, representing about 22.5% of global container shipping trade [12]. Cost Implications - If the new fees are implemented, the cost per container for routes from the U.S. West Coast could increase by $450 to $550, while East Coast routes may see increases of $200 to $300, representing significant percentages of current freight rates [13][17]. - Historical trends suggest that shipping companies are likely to pass these additional costs onto consumers, potentially leading to a market environment similar to that experienced during the pandemic [17]. Comparative Analysis - The U.S. container shipping market's dynamics are compared to the Russian market, which has faced similar external pressures. The U.S. market is expected to maintain supply levels, unlike the drastic changes seen in Russia following the Ukraine conflict [19][21]. - The differences in market size and operational structures between the U.S. and Russia highlight the potential for U.S. shipping companies to adapt rather than exit the market entirely [20][23]. Strategic Opportunities - The 301 legislation may inadvertently create strategic opportunities for Chinese shipping and shipbuilding industries, as market gaps left by exiting foreign companies could be filled by domestic firms [35][36]. - The potential restructuring of the U.S. shipping market could lead to increased market share for Chinese companies, particularly in logistics and shipping services [38][39]. Regulatory Implications - The legislation highlights the inefficacy of current international shipping governance systems, as it may lead to a decrease in the competitiveness of Chinese-built vessels in the global market [40][41]. - China is encouraged to develop its own regulatory framework to counteract the effects of the U.S. legislation, focusing on establishing standards that could enhance its competitive position in the shipping and shipbuilding sectors [43][44].

4月19日，中国船舶工业行业协会发布关于美对华造船业实施限制措施的严正声明，针对美国贸易代表 办公室4月17日发布的对中国海事、物流和造船领域采取限制措施的公告，中国船舶工业行业协会表示 极度愤慨和坚决反对。美方基于虚假指控和失实调查，对中国船舶工业进行无理打压，是对国际贸易规 则的公然践踏，更是对全球海事工业协同发展的严重破坏。 ...