Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the **liquid cooling technology** industry, highlighting its emergence as a promising sector similar to the early stages of the optical module industry. The market sentiment towards liquid cooling is currently very optimistic, with expectations for significant growth starting from 2024 [1][5][9]. Key Points and Arguments - **Market Dynamics**: There has been a noticeable inflow of capital into the AI computing sector, which has positively impacted equity assets and laid a solid foundation for the industry [2][3]. - **Company Performance**: Domestic companies like **Taicheng Light** and **Shijia Photonics** are performing well, but their growth rates are not as strong as **Xuchuang Information** and **Yisheng**, which have a valuation advantage [3][4]. - **Liquid Cooling Technology**: Liquid cooling is expected to become a standard feature in products post-GB300, with the market for liquid cooling systems projected to expand significantly due to its application in high-heat scenarios such as GPUs, ASICs, and power supplies [1][5][9]. - **Technological Evolution**: The industry is witnessing a shift from traditional cold plate technology to **Rubin phase-change liquid cooling**, which may define future directions [6][9]. - **Market Potential**: The estimated market space for NVL72 shipments is projected to reach **$7-8 billion**, potentially exceeding **$10 billion** when including upgrade costs [3][18]. Important but Overlooked Content - **Components of Liquid Cooling Systems**: The systems consist of key components such as cold plates, quick connectors, water separators, and CDU (Cold Distribution Unit). Indirect liquid cooling is currently the mainstream solution [10][12]. - **Competitive Landscape**: In the internal liquid cooling market, **Taiwan's Qihong** holds a dominant position, while traditional cooling companies like **AVC** and **Coolermaster** are significant players in the external market [14]. - **Future Market Expansion**: The liquid cooling market is expected to grow as more companies enter the field and technology advances, with a focus on companies that can innovate and adapt to the evolving AI infrastructure [11][22]. - **Reliability Assessment**: Evaluating the reliability of liquid cooling companies can be done through product strength, timeline of market entry, and the presence of channel intermediaries [22][25]. - **System Integration Capability**: This capability is deemed crucial and challenging to achieve, as it involves assembling numerous components into a cohesive and efficient system [26]. Conclusion The liquid cooling technology sector is poised for significant growth, driven by advancements in AI infrastructure and increasing market demand. Companies that can demonstrate strong product innovation and system integration capabilities are likely to emerge as leaders in this evolving landscape.

Summary of Liquid Cooling Industry Conference Call Industry Overview - The liquid cooling industry in China benefits from a well-established supply chain in temperature control for IDC (Internet Data Center) and AIDC (Artificial Intelligence Data Center) environments, with significant advantages in internal cooling for servers and switches due to historical development alongside ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and consumer electronics industries [1][2][3] Core Insights and Arguments - **Demand Drivers**: China's strong demand for liquid cooling is driven by dual carbon goals and the need to lower PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness). The ongoing technology trade war has resulted in lower thermal conversion efficiency for domestic chips, increasing the need for effective cooling solutions [1][2][3] - **Global AI Industry Position**: China holds comparative advantages in four sub-sectors of the global AI industry: optical modules, PCBs, liquid cooling, and MPO (Multi-fiber Push On). These sectors are expected to yield significant profits and enhance overall profitability [4][5] - **Market Growth**: 2026 is projected to be a pivotal year for the liquid cooling industry, with expectations of a market size approaching 100 billion. The liquid cooling segment is already showing signs of growth, with manufacturers preparing for large-scale procurement [2][12] Development Trends - **Technological Evolution**: The liquid cooling technology is expected to evolve significantly over the next three to five years, with a shift from air cooling to more advanced methods such as immersion and spray cooling. Leading companies are already establishing relationships with major overseas clients [6][7] - **Market Dynamics**: The industry is likely to see a concentration of leading firms, driven by customer demand and technological advancements. Companies that can quickly respond to customer needs will gain a competitive edge [7][10] Challenges and Opportunities - **Challenges**: The industry faces challenges such as rapid technological iteration, the need for continuous R&D investment, and the necessity to secure large clients for stable order sources. Additionally, fluctuations in domestic and international market conditions pose uncertainties [7][8] - **Investment Potential**: The liquid cooling sector is viewed as a significant investment opportunity, comparable to the PCB and optical module markets. Despite high short-term valuations, the absence of logical flaws in the industry’s growth trajectory presents long-term investment potential [18][19] Competitive Landscape - **Market Participants**: The liquid cooling market features a diverse range of participants, including domestic and international firms. While some companies are progressing slowly, the overall market potential remains substantial [16] - **Emerging Players**: Domestic firms are beginning to carve out market share, with opportunities arising from supply chain disruptions among Taiwanese manufacturers. The industry is still in its early stages, with significant potential for growth and development [17][18] Conclusion - The liquid cooling industry is positioned for substantial growth, driven by technological advancements and increasing demand in the AI sector. Investors are encouraged to consider the long-term potential of this market, particularly as it approaches a critical growth phase in 2026 [12][19]

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the optical module industry and advancements in related technologies, particularly focusing on the trends of "skill up" and "liquid cooling" in the AI and telecommunications sectors [1][2][4][21]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Optical Module Demand Growth** - Continuous growth in optical module demand, with core suppliers like Zhongji Xuchuang and Xinyi Sheng actively increasing upstream material orders. The optimistic booking situation for Marvell's DSP260 is highlighted, indicating a tight supply of optical chips leading to price increases from upstream suppliers, which collectively enhance the market outlook for 2026 [1][2]. 2. **Increased GPU Interconnect Bandwidth Demand** - The demand for GPU interconnect bandwidth has significantly increased, with Nvidia's NVLink and Broadcom's Ethernet solutions competing fiercely. The single-card bandwidth has reached 7.2T and 6.4T respectively, resulting in an approximately 8-fold increase in fiber demand per card, tightly linking market capacity to GPU shipment volumes [1][4]. 3. **Domestic Progress in Switch Solutions and FPGA Chips** - Domestic manufacturers have made progress in switch solutions and self-developed FPGA chips, gradually moving towards domestic alternatives for Ethernet and PCIe technologies. Huawei showcased its AI Cloud cluster 384, while Tencent, Alibaba, and ByteDance launched solutions targeting the Sky network protocol [1][6][7]. 4. **Advancements in PCIe Technology** - Significant advancements in PCIe technology have been noted, with Broadcom and Extra Lab's PCIe 7.0 products expected to enter mass production between the second half of 2025 and the first half of 2026, achieving a single-channel rate of 128GT and doubling transmission efficiency through PAM-4 modulation [1][8]. 5. **Market Capacity Linked to GPU Shipments** - The market capacity for optical products is projected to be closely tied to GPU shipments, with an estimated annual demand of tens of millions of related products, potentially reaching a market scale of several billion dollars [1][5]. 6. **Impact of UA Link Alliance** - The establishment of the UA Link Alliance by major companies like AMD, Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft aims to develop new interconnect technologies based on Ethernet, indicating a shift in networking protocols to support AI accelerators [3][11]. 7. **Performance of Major Telecom Operators** - Major telecom operators reported over 5% profit growth in the first half of the year, driven by AI developments that significantly boosted IDC business and AI-related revenues. The transition to cloud-based AI deployment is expected to further enhance growth [14][15]. 8. **Satellite Communication Developments** - The National Grid's plan to launch approximately 50 satellites has doubled its satellite count to around 100, improving market expectations for launch progress. Despite setbacks, such as the recent rocket explosion, the long-term outlook remains positive with continued support for satellite deployment [16][17]. 9. **Liquid Cooling Technology in AI** - Liquid cooling technology is gaining attention in the AI industry, with recent deployments of GB200, CB300, and NL72 cabinets catalyzing demand. Companies like Invec are expected to benefit significantly, as the cost of CDU components constitutes about 50% of the overall system cost [21]. Other Important Insights - The rapid advancements in optical and electrical interconnect technologies are crucial for meeting the increasing demands of AI and high-performance computing [4][5]. - The domestic industry's shift towards self-developed technologies and solutions reflects a strategic response to global trends and competitive pressures [6][10]. - The financial performance of telecom operators indicates a robust market environment, with AI-related services emerging as a new growth driver [14][15].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the liquid cooling market, particularly in relation to the GPU industry, focusing on advancements in NVIDIA's GPU products and their implications for liquid cooling solutions [1][3][4]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Increased Power Consumption**: NVIDIA's new generation GPUs, such as the Blackwell B200 and Rubin Ultra, show a significant increase in power consumption, from 1,200 watts for B200 to a potential 3,600 watts for Rubin Ultra, necessitating enhanced cooling solutions [1][3]. - **Liquid Cooling Demand Growth**: The demand for liquid cooling systems is expected to rise sharply due to the increased power requirements of GPUs. The total value of the GB300 liquid cooling system is projected to reach $90,000 to $100,000, a 20% increase from the GB200 [1][4]. - **Cost Structure of Liquid Cooling**: The liquid cooling system accounts for 30%-40% of the total cabinet cost, while chips and boards make up 50%-60%. The CDU (Coolant Distribution Unit) is the largest component of the liquid cooling system's value [1][8]. - **Domestic Market Trends**: In the domestic GPU market, there is a notable increase in demand for liquid cooling solutions due to international trade restrictions, leading to a rise in the use of domestic GPUs in data centers [12][13]. - **Competitive Advantages**: Domestic liquid cooling suppliers have advantages in delivery cycles and costs, with shorter delivery times and lower electricity costs compared to international competitors [14]. Additional Important Content - **Technological Developments**: The GB300 liquid cooling solution incorporates advanced technologies such as liquid metal heat absorption and micro-channel copper plates, which enhance cooling efficiency [1][8]. - **Market Share Dynamics**: Taiwanese manufacturers currently dominate the liquid cooling market, but domestic manufacturers are gaining ground due to cost advantages of 20%-30% [2][16]. - **Future Upgrades**: The NVL platform is set for significant upgrades, with NVL144 launching in 2026 and NVL576 in 2027, which will further enhance power density and cooling efficiency [9]. - **Challenges for Manufacturers**: Companies like Cool Master face production capacity challenges despite holding a significant market share in sample phases, prompting expansions in the U.S. and Vietnam [7][20]. - **Supply Chain Considerations**: The choice of CDU and other components is heavily influenced by the specific requirements of cloud service providers, which impacts the integration and performance of liquid cooling systems [18]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights and trends discussed in the conference call, highlighting the evolving landscape of the liquid cooling market in relation to GPU advancements and domestic market dynamics.

Group 1 - The report suggests an industry allocation strategy termed "4+1," focusing on technology growth, self-control, and military sectors, including liquid cooling, robotics, gaming, AI applications, and military technologies such as missiles, drones, satellites, and deep-sea technology. Additionally, it highlights the fintech and brokerage sectors due to their high correlation with indices [1] - The cyclical sectors benefiting from the expectation of marginal improvement in PPI and some low-level rebound include steel, chemicals, non-ferrous metals, and building materials, with potential valuation recovery opportunities in insurance, liquor, and real estate [1] - The report identifies sectors with anti-involution elasticity and broader potential, indicating that the current anti-involution trend extends beyond traditional cyclical industries, with mid-term potential in solar energy, lithium batteries, engineering machinery, healthcare, and certain manufacturing and growth directions in Hong Kong's Hang Seng Internet [1] - Structural opportunities for overseas expansion are noted, particularly due to the easing of China-Europe trade relations, benefiting high-export categories like automobiles and wind power, as well as niche exports such as snacks [1] - The report emphasizes the importance of stable dividend stocks, gold, and optimized high-dividend assets for foundational investment [1]

Group 1 - The index has reached a new high as expected, with technology and non-bank sectors being the core drivers. The index broke through to a new high since 924, with communication, electronics, and non-bank sectors rising by 7.7%, 7.0%, and 6.5% respectively, indicating continued optimism for these sectors [1][12][14] - The market trend is healthy, and there is a strong upward confidence from domestic capital, making a firm hold on investments a suitable strategy [2][13] - The technology sector is viewed as a certain mainline, with a particular focus on the domestic AI industry chain, which is expected to strengthen its relative advantages [3][14] Group 2 - Within the AI-related sectors, there is a strong outlook for computing power-related areas, including liquid cooling, electronic cloth, and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The domestic companies are expected to see breakthroughs and opportunities for domestic substitution [4][15] - The domestic AI chip core companies have seen a 33% increase, indicating that the market's allocation towards domestic computing power is just beginning [4][15] - Robotics is highlighted as an important application area for AI, with a focus on new components and application scenarios [4][15][16] Group 3 - The integration of AI and unmanned technologies is anticipated to be a major method of warfare in the future, with increasing market attention [5][16] - AI applications are becoming widespread across various life sectors, with the release of new domestic models expected to act as a catalyst for growth in the AI application sector [5][16]

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Outperform the Market" [8] Core Insights - The demand for high-power cards is the largest constraint in the new market, while the space waste in data center renovations is the biggest constraint in the retrofit market [2] - North American computing power is directed towards high power and high density, while domestic computing power is focused on TCO cost [3] - The growth of liquid cooling is driven by increased penetration rates, high value, and inflation [6] Summary by Sections Demand - The new market's main constraint is the demand for high-power cards, while the retrofit market faces challenges due to space waste in data center renovations [2] Dynamics Tracking - Domestic phases include: - Phase 1: Significant growth in wind wall and air cooling temperature control following capex - Phase 2: B series may adopt integrated air-liquid cooling to meet slightly higher power card demands - Phase 3: Opportunities for domestic computing clusters and North American high-end computing cards to adopt immersion cooling - Overseas developments include: - Liquid cooling design at the B200 chip level and reserved liquid cooling architecture in cabinets are crucial prerequisites - The penetration rate of liquid cooling is expected to approach standard configuration with GB300, and Rubin aims for 100% liquid cooling implementation [5] Focus Areas - Key players with full-link solutions include Tier 1 companies like Invec [6] - Tier 2/3 companies expected to gain market share through sample submissions or existing ties to North American/Taiwanese markets include Cooler Master, Sifang New Materials, Chuanhuan Technology, Tongfei Co., Feilong Co., Shuo Beide, Qiangrui Technology, and Sulian Co. [6] - Companies with overseas business relationships and cost delivery capabilities in the AISC chain include Shenling Environment, Yimikang, and Chuanrun [6]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for key companies in the computing power industry, specifically recommending companies like Zhongji Xuchuang, Xinyi Sheng, and Tianfu Communication [14][9][8]. Core Insights - The computing power industry is entering a phase of rapid growth, driven by significant capital expenditure from major CSPs towards AI computing power [24][3]. - The macroeconomic environment, particularly the strong expectations for interest rate cuts in North America, is expected to enhance the long-term value of growth stocks, particularly in the tech sector [25]. - AI applications are reaching a profitability inflection point, with leading companies leveraging their advantages to penetrate vertical markets [26][2]. - The demand for computing power is becoming increasingly critical, with major companies like Meta and OpenAI planning substantial investments in data center infrastructure [27][3]. - The industry is characterized by a "stronger getting stronger" dynamic, with established players solidifying their market positions through technological advantages and deep customer relationships [29][7]. Summary by Sections Macroeconomic Perspective - The expectation of interest rate cuts in the U.S. is likely to reduce debt costs for AI companies, alleviating financial pressure and encouraging further investment in R&D and acquisitions [25][24]. Mid-level Perspective - AI applications are accelerating in both technological advancements and user adoption, with significant growth in user numbers for platforms like GPT [26][2]. - The profitability of AI applications is transitioning from experimental phases to established business models, with major players expanding into new verticals [26][2]. Micro-level Perspective - The computing power market is witnessing a solid oligopoly, with domestic companies like Zhongji Xuchuang and Xinyi Sheng gaining a competitive edge through specialized technology and long-term partnerships with overseas clients [29][7]. - Innovations in computing infrastructure, particularly in optical communication and liquid cooling technologies, are expected to enhance efficiency and performance [29][8]. Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on leading companies in the computing power supply chain, including Zhongji Xuchuang, Xinyi Sheng, and Tianfu Communication, as well as companies involved in liquid cooling solutions [9][8][29].

Core Insights - The introduction of NVIDIA's GB200 chip, with a power consumption of up to 1200W, has significantly advanced liquid cooling technology, making it indispensable in data centers [1] - Liquid cooling technology can reduce data center energy consumption by up to 40%, and its cost advantage is becoming more apparent, with the price difference between liquid and air-cooled servers expected to narrow from 40% in 2023 to under 15% by 2025 [1] - The liquid cooling server sector has seen a substantial increase, with an overall rise of over 50% since April 2025, indicating strong market enthusiasm [1] Company Performance - The number of liquid cooling stocks priced over 20 yuan has reached 66, with 46 companies exceeding 30 yuan, highlighting a trend towards higher valuations in the sector [3] - Among lower-priced stocks, Kangsong Co. has gained attention with a current price of 4.83 yuan and a projected net profit increase of 135% in the first half of 2025, attracting significant foreign investment [3][6] - Jitai Co., priced at 6.95 yuan, has also seen foreign institutional investment, with new orders for liquid cooling materials reaching 120 million yuan in Q2 2025, resulting in a gross margin of 35% [6] - Yingwei Co., with a stock price of 9.52 yuan, has experienced a resurgence due to new investments, and its liquid cooling cabinet deliveries have surged by 200% year-on-year in the first half of 2025 [6] Market Trends - Companies like Feirongda and Dayuan Pump Industry have reported impressive growth, with Feirongda's liquid cooling orders increasing by 300% and net profit rising by 114% in the first half of 2025 [7] - Dayuan Pump Industry's liquid cooling pumps have received NVIDIA certification, doubling their value from 1500 yuan to 3000 yuan, contributing to a 135% increase in net profit [7] - The leading company in cooling liquids, Juhua Co., anticipates a shipment of 5000 tons of electronic fluorinated liquids in 2025, with a gross margin exceeding 50% [7]

Core Viewpoint - The necessity of liquid cooling technology in data centers is driven by increasing chip power consumption and regulatory requirements for energy efficiency, making it essential rather than optional for new large-scale data centers [1][2]. Group 1: Reasons for Adopting Liquid Cooling - Chip power consumption is escalating, with the H100 card consuming 700 W, the B200 card at 1.2 kW, and the B300 card reaching 1.4 kW, necessitating liquid cooling as air cooling becomes inadequate [1]. - Regulatory standards for new data centers mandate a Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of ≤ 1.15, which is achievable with liquid cooling (1.05-1.15) but not with air cooling (1.3-1.5) [1]. Group 2: Types of Liquid Cooling Technologies - Cold plate cooling involves copper plates attached to chips with circulating cold water, accounting for 65% of 2024 shipments, favored by cloud and internet giants [1]. - Immersion cooling submerges entire systems in insulating liquids, achieving the highest cooling efficiency, representing 34% of 2024 shipments, primarily for supercomputing and intelligent computing centers [1]. - Spray cooling uses nozzles to directly spray liquid onto components, with a projected penetration rate for 2024 [1]. Group 3: Value of Liquid Cooling Cabinets - The total cost of a system using NVIDIA's GB200 NVL72 is approximately $84,000, with server-side components costing around $36,000 and rack-side components about $48,000 [2]. - The next-generation GB300 will see an increase in cooling plates and connectors, raising the total system price to $100,000, with the cost increase primarily in components [4]. Group 4: Market Size and Growth - The Chinese liquid cooling server market is projected to reach 20 billion yuan in 2024, marking an 84% year-on-year increase, with expectations of 30 billion yuan in 2025, a further 50% growth [4]. - By 2026-2027, the introduction of NVIDIA's Rubin series is expected to raise the liquid cooling penetration rate from 30% to over 70%, with a projected market for components worth 50 billion yuan by 2027 based on 50,000 new cabinets [4]. Group 5: Industry Supply Chain - Suppliers in North America include Yingwei, providing cold plates and connectors, and Shenling Environment, delivering external CDU units, with confirmed orders from major cloud providers [4]. - Numerous manufacturers are in the process of validating their cooling plates and CDU units, with immediate production upon approval expected until 2026 [4]. - Component opportunities include quick connectors priced at $30-50 each, heat exchangers at $500-800 each, and various other components with high volume but lower individual prices [4].