历史数据显示，美国内战期间，联邦债务增长曾超过4000%，从1860年的6500万美元增加到1863年的10 亿美元，在1865年战争结束后不久增加到近30亿美元。进入20世纪，美国联邦债务更是稳步增长，在美 国为参与第一次世界大战提供资金后，其债务猛增至220亿美元。近年引发债务大幅飙升的重大事件包 括阿富汗和伊拉克战争、2008年经济大衰退以及2019年疫情大流行。从2019财年到2021财年，联邦支出 增长了约50%。 据美国国会联合经济委员会4月份的一篇报告，在过去一年中，美国联邦债务平均每天增加44.2亿美 元，按小时计算，每小时增加18,404万美元；以分钟算，每分钟增加307万美元；以秒算，每秒增加 51,121美元。在过去的一年里，美国人均联邦债务增加了4,814美元，每户家庭增加了12,193美元。美国 人均债务总额高达108,136美元，或每户273,919美元。假设按过去三年的平均日增速度，到2025年9月1 日左右，美国联邦债务将达到37万亿美元。按照同样的速度，大约188天后将再增加1万亿美元。 对于公共债务激增的主要原因之一，美国财政部将其归因于2019年疫情大流行期间项目和服务的 ...

美国财长贝森特：美国财政部已从美国国税局信息技术预算中削减了20亿美元，但没有造成任何运营中 断。 ...

热点 聚焦 蓝佛安：财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱 01 5月1日出版的最新一期《求是》杂志，刊发财政部党组书记、部长蓝佛安的署名文 章《更加积极财政政策的科学设计与成功实践》，传递出积极财政政策设计的丰富 内容和实施重点。蓝佛安表示，财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱。新时代以来， 面对错综复杂的国内外发展环境，习近平总书记高度重视财政工作，为财政工作定 调指向，亲自决策、亲自部署一系列重大财政政策，有力促进了经济稳定运行，维 护了社会大局稳定。新时代我国财政政策的设计与实践，是习近平经济思想在财政 领域的生动体现。在财政政策实践中，我们深刻体会到，坚持以习近平经济思想为 指引，坚决贯彻落实好党中央决策部署，我国经济发展就没有迈不过去的坎、闯不 过去的关，必须加力实施更加积极的财政政策，推动中国经济巨轮破浪前行。 《清华金融评论》观察 蓝佛安部长强调"财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱"，这一表态体现了以下核心内涵 和政策方向：一是财政的全局性作用。财政不仅是经济调控工具，更是国家治理体系 的关键。此外财政是应对复杂挑战的"压舱石"。二是当前政策发力重点。财政政策可 提振民生与消费。财政可助力风险防范与改革深化。三 ...

市财政局表示，一季度，在首都经济延续回升向好态势、各项存量政策和增量政策加力实施显效的带动 下，全市一般公共预算收入完成1839.2亿元、同比增长2.8%；完成年度预算的27.8%，超时间进度2.8个 百分点，实现良好开局。 其中，一季度全市地方级税收收入完成1520.0亿元、同比增长4.4%；税收收入占比82.6%，收入质量继 续保持较高水平。从三大主体税种来看，增值税、企业所得税、个人所得税合计完成1257.4亿元、同比 增长9.0%。 支出方面，一季度，本市认真落实更加积极的财政政策，不断加强各类财政资金资源统筹，加大支出强 度，增强对重点领域资金保障能力。全市一般公共预算支出完成2817.6亿元、同比增长4.0%；完成年度 预算的33.5%，超时间进度8.5个百分点。 从主要支出领域看，教育支出367.0亿元、同比增长7.2%，主要用于优化普惠托育服务供给，促进基础 教育均衡发展，支持市属高校双一流建设、教学科研设备更新以及新校区开办等。科学技术支出290.3 亿元、同比增长6.4%，主要用于基础研究、科技创新成果研发与应用等，推动新质生产力发展。 本报讯（记者 孙杰）北京市2025年一季度财政收支情 ...

来源 | 华尔街见闻 美国财政部周一在一份声明中表示，已将本季度的联邦借款预估大幅上调，原因是初始现金储备远低于此前预期，这主要是因为美国国会至今 尚未提高联邦债务上限。 现 金 储 备 减 少 举 债 规 模 上 调 分 析 ： D O G E 出 成 效 ， 实 际 借 款 需 求 下 降 美国财政部目前预计，4月至6月期间的净借款将达到5140亿美元，高于今年2月时预测的1230亿美元。按照惯例，财政部此前在做出预测时假定 债务上限问题会被解决（即提高或暂停），但美国国会至今仍在就此议题进行磋商。 此次借款预估比2025年2月宣布的高出3910亿美元，主要是因为本季度初现金余额更低、预计净现金流入减少，部分被量化紧缩（即国债赎回减 少）带来的600亿美元缓解了压力。 而对于7月至9月的第三季度，美国财政部预计净借款将达到5540亿美元，前提仍是假设季度末现金余额为8500亿美元，并假定债务上限问题能 够解决。 | | | | | Sources and Uses Reconciliation Table | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -- ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury is set to announce its debt refinancing plan for the second quarter, with a borrowing estimate of $514 billion, which is $391 billion higher than previous estimates due to lower-than-expected cash balances at the beginning of the quarter [1] - Analysts expect the Treasury to maintain its auction size for the fifth consecutive quarter, with a focus on any changes in forward guidance that could influence market direction [1][2] - Treasury Secretary Yellen's previous reliance on short-term debt has been criticized, and market participants are keen to see if Secretary Becerra will alter this approach in the upcoming refinancing meeting [2] Group 2 - The Treasury has been conducting bond repurchases since May 2024 to enhance market resilience and liquidity, currently repurchasing up to $30 billion of inactive securities monthly [3][4] - There is speculation that the Treasury may increase the scale of long-term bond repurchases to as much as $30 billion to improve liquidity, reflecting a more flexible approach to market interventions [4] - Concerns have been raised regarding the risks of active Treasury market interventions, with some analysts arguing that such actions should be the responsibility of the Federal Reserve rather than the Treasury [4]

美国财政部周一在一份声明中表示，已将本季度的联邦借款预估大幅上调，原因是初始现金储备远低于此前预期，这主要是因为美国国会至今尚未提高联邦 债务上限。 现金储备减少，举债规模上调 美国财政部目前预计，4月至6月期间的净借款将达到5140亿美元，高于今年2月时预测的1230亿美元。按照惯例，财政部此前在做出预测时假定债务上限问 题会被解决（即提高或暂停），但美国国会至今仍在就此议题进行磋商。 此次借款预估比2025年2月宣布的高出3910亿美元，主要是因为本季度初现金余额更低、预计净现金流入减少，部分被量化紧缩（即国债赎回减少）带来的 600亿美元缓解了压力。 而对于7月至9月的第三季度，美国财政部预计净借款将达到5540亿美元，前提仍是假设季度末现金余额为8500亿美元，并假定债务上限问题能够解决。 | | | | | Sources and Uses Reconciliation Table | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | Financing | | | | Memo | | | | Fin ...

Core Viewpoint - The Hubei Xianning government is focusing on enhancing its fiscal capacity to support the development of the Wuhan metropolitan area as a key growth engine for green development [1][3]. Fiscal Performance - In 2024, Xianning's general public budget revenue reached 11.568 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 12.1%, outperforming the provincial average by 6.7 percentage points [3]. - The city maintained a strong focus on social welfare, with over 78% of expenditures allocated to people's livelihood [3]. Revenue Generation Strategies - The fiscal department aims for a 7% growth in general public budget revenue, employing various strategies to expand revenue sources [4]. - Initiatives include establishing incentive mechanisms, promoting tax policies to support key industries, and enhancing investment attraction [4]. - The department is also focusing on revitalizing idle assets, including 46,000 acres of undeveloped land and old factories [4]. Policy Support for Development - The fiscal department is leveraging long-term special bonds and local government bonds to support five major initiatives [5]. - A total of 3.633 billion yuan is allocated for industrial chain investment, while 2.285 billion yuan is designated for technological innovation and industry integration [5]. - Government investment of 5.783 billion yuan is directed towards key projects, aiming to stimulate social capital participation [5]. Social Welfare and Expenditure Structure - The fiscal department is optimizing its expenditure structure to enhance public satisfaction, implementing policies for direct fund allocation [7]. - The department plans to reduce general expenditures by 10% and redirect those funds to education, healthcare, and elderly care [7]. Reform and Mechanism Enhancement - Xianning is advancing fiscal reforms to create a comprehensive fiscal system, targeting over 1 trillion yuan in total assets by 2025 [8]. - The establishment of a 3 billion yuan regional mother fund aims to attract projects in various sectors, including culture and tourism [8]. - The city is also reforming its fiscal system at the district level and incentivizing green industry development in rural areas [8].

Revenue Insights - In January-February, the national general public budget revenue was CNY 43,856.0 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 1.6%, with the decline expanding by 2.9 percentage points compared to the previous year[1] - Central government budget revenue fell to CNY 19,499.0 billion, down 5.8% year-on-year, with the decline expanding by 6.7 percentage points[1] - Local government budget revenue increased by 2.0% year-on-year, reaching CNY 24,357.0 billion, with the growth rate expanding by 0.3 percentage points[1] Tax Contributions - Personal income tax contributed positively to the tax revenue growth, achieving a contribution of 2.3 percentage points, with a month-on-month improvement of 2.4 percentage points[7] - Domestic value-added tax turned from negative to positive, contributing 0.4 percentage points to tax revenue growth, with a month-on-month improvement of 1.9 percentage points[2] - Corporate income tax showed a negative contribution of -2.8 percentage points due to the impact of the Spring Festival, with a month-on-month decline of 2.7 percentage points[2] Expenditure Trends - General public budget expenditure reached CNY 45,096.0 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%, with the growth rate narrowing by 0.2 percentage points[9] - Central government budget expenditure grew by 8.6% year-on-year to CNY 5,242.0 billion, with the growth rate expanding by 2.1 percentage points[9] - Local government budget expenditure increased by 2.7% year-on-year, totaling CNY 39,854.0 billion, with the growth rate narrowing by 0.5 percentage points[9] Focus on Social Welfare - Social security and employment expenditures contributed 1.2 percentage points to the growth of general public budget expenditure, with a month-on-month improvement of 0.4 percentage points[10] - The shift in fiscal expenditure towards "benefiting people's livelihoods" indicates a strategic focus on social welfare[10] Overall Fiscal Performance - General fiscal revenue and expenditure for January-February were CNY 50,237.0 billion and CNY 56,454.0 billion, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of -2.9% and 2.9%[15] - The expenditure growth rate outpaced revenue growth, indicating a proactive fiscal policy approach[15] - The government plans to implement a more active fiscal policy with a target deficit rate of around 4% for the year, suggesting an increase in fiscal spending[15]