文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 侯倩楠 摘要 广义财政收入延续改善、支出增速下滑，前7月预算完成度明显高于2024年同期。 2025年7月，广义财政 收入同比3.6%，较6月同比提升0.8个百分点；广义财政支出同比12.1%，较6月同比下降5.5个百分点。从 预算完成度看，前7月广义财政收入预算完成56.3%，持平过去五年平均水平；广义财政支出预算完成 51%，略低于过去五年平均51.7%。 广义财政支出降速，或部分缘于政府债务融资大规模支持阶段已过。 2025年7月，广义财政收支差达-5.6 万亿元，规模较6月仅新增0.4万亿元，或指向政府债务资金支持放缓。8月中旬，国家发改委披露2025年 超长期特别国债支持设备更新的1880亿元投资补助资金已下达完毕。政府债务资金对广义财政支出的支 持力度或开始减弱。 广义财政支出增速虽有回落，但一般财政中民生及服务业相关支出明显提速。 一般支出分项中，民生及 服务业相关支出提速明显，如卫生健康，社保就业支出增速分别为14.2%、13.1%，较6月提升8.6、4.9个 百分点；文旅传媒及教育支出增速分别为7%、4.6%，较6月提升3.8、2.2个百分点；社保就 ...

更加积极财政政策陆续落地，推动经济平稳运行。 根据财政部最新数据，今年前7个月广义财政（全国一般公共预算和全国政府性基金预算）收入合计约 15.9万亿元，与去年同期基本持平。广义财政支出约21.5万亿元，同比增长约9.3%。广义财政支出超出 收入约5.6万亿元，同比增长约47%。 财政部数据显示，今年以来地方政府性基金中的国有土地使用权出让收入降幅不断缩窄，今年前7个月 土地出让收入约1.7万亿元，同比下降4.6%。 尽管广义财政收入逐步回暖，但也仅为去年同期水平，为了保持支出扩张力度，中央和地方政府加快发 债筹资，投向重大项目、防范风险等领域。 根据中国人民银行数据，今年前7个月，政府债券净融资8.9万亿元，同比增4.88万亿元。 在财政收入和债务收入支撑下，今年广义财政支出保持一定力度。从资金使用来看，民生领域支出不断 加力，得到充分保障。比如，社保就业、教育、卫生健康等支出增速均高于总体支出增速。 随着近期养老金提标、3岁以下育儿补贴和幼儿园大班免保教费等系列政策落地，民生支出持续加力， 这也体现了财政资金更多"投资于人"。 财政支出规模及结构是衡量财政政策扩张程度的重要指标。今年前7个月广义财政支出增 ...

文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 侯倩楠 摘要 事件： 8月19日，财政部公布2025年前7月财政收支情况。1-7月，全国一般公共预算收入135839亿元，同 比增长0.1%；全国一般公共预算支出160737亿元，同比增长3.4%。 点评：债务资金支持开始减弱，财政支出增速回落，而民生、服务业相关支出提速 政策变化超预期，经济变化超预期 报告正文 广义财政收入延续改善、支出增速下滑，前7月预算完成度明显高于2024年同期。 2025年7月，广义财政 收入同比3.6%，较6月同比提升0.8个百分点；广义财政支出同比12.1%，较6月同比下降5.5个百分点。从 预算完成度看，前7月广义财政收入预算完成56.3%，持平过去五年平均水平；广义财政支出预算完成 51%，略低于过去五年平均51.7%。 广义财政支出降速，或部分缘于政府债务融资大规模支持阶段已过。 2025年7月，广义财政收支差达-5.6 万亿元，规模较6月仅新增0.4万亿元，或指向政府债务资金支持放缓。8月中旬，国家发改委披露2025年 超长期特别国债支持设备更新的1880亿元投资补助资金已下达完毕。政府债务资金对广义财政支出的支 持力度或开始减 ...

Revenue Insights - In July, the national general public budget revenue reached 2,027.3 billion CNY, showing a year-on-year growth of 2.7%[2] - Cumulative public finance revenue from January to July turned positive at 0.1% year-on-year, aligning with budget targets[2] - Tax revenue in July increased by 5% year-on-year, up from 1% previously, with personal income tax growing by 14%[2] Expenditure Trends - Public finance expenditure in July was 1,946.6 billion CNY, reflecting a 3% year-on-year increase, up from 0.4%[3] - Cumulative expenditure growth for the first half of the year was 3.4%, still below the annual target of 4%[3] - Social security, education, and health expenditures grew by 13%, 5%, and 14% respectively in July, indicating a focus on social welfare[3] Government Fund Performance - Government fund revenue in July was 368.2 billion CNY, marking a 9% year-on-year increase, although the growth rate has slowed[4] - Government fund expenditure reached 801.4 billion CNY in July, with a significant year-on-year growth of 42%, although this was a decrease from June's 79%[5] Fiscal Balance and Outlook - The gap in broad fiscal revenue and expenditure expanded to 5.6 trillion CNY, but the shortfall is narrowing due to improved revenue[6] - The issuance of special bonds and long-term treasury bonds has supported increased government fund expenditures, with 1.1 trillion CNY in special bonds issued in June and July[5] - The broad fiscal deficit is expected to remain high in Q3, with a potential decline in Q4 as bond issuance slows down[6]

Group 1: Fiscal Revenue Trends - In the first seven months of 2025, the total revenue growth rate for the fiscal accounts was 0%, improving from -0.6% in the previous period[2] - The total expenditure growth rate was 9.3%, up from 8.9%, marking the highest level since September 2022[2] - Tax revenue showed a recovery with a monthly growth rate of 5%, compared to 1% in the previous month, while non-tax revenue fell to 2% from 3.7%[5] Group 2: Key Revenue Components - Stamp duty revenue increased significantly by 20.7%, with securities transaction stamp duty surging by 62.5%[15] - The number of new A-share accounts opened in July reached 1.9636 million, a 71% increase year-on-year[15] - Land transfer revenue in July was 267.9 billion yuan, down from 299 billion yuan, with a cumulative growth rate of -4.6%[18] Group 3: Expenditure Insights - The cumulative expenditure growth rate for the first seven months was 3.4%, with a monthly growth rate of 3%[21] - Special bond issuance accelerated, with a cumulative expenditure growth rate of 31.7% for the second fiscal account, reaching 42.4% in July[22] - The total issuance of special local government bonds was 2.78 trillion yuan, with a progress rate of 63.1%[22] Group 4: Risks and Future Outlook - Risks include potential underperformance in domestic economic recovery, policy implementation, and a significant downturn in the real estate market[26] - The sustainability of revenue growth is uncertain, particularly if budgetary income weakens alongside declining land revenue, which may lead to increased national debt issuance in Q4 2023[1]

Revenue Performance - In June 2025, the national general public budget revenue decreased by 0.3% year-on-year, a decline from May's 0.1%[1] - Tax revenue increased by 1.0% year-on-year, up from 0.6% in May, while non-tax revenue fell by 3.7%, a larger decline than the previous month's 2.2%[5] - For the first half of 2025, general public budget revenue cumulatively decreased by 0.3%, matching the performance from January to May[7] Expenditure Trends - In June 2025, general public budget expenditure grew by 0.4% year-on-year, down from 2.6% in May[1] - Cumulatively, general public budget expenditure increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2025, a slowdown from 4.2% in the previous period[9] - By June, general public budget expenditure completed 47.6% of the annual budget, slightly below the five-year average of 48.1%[9] Government Fund Insights - In June, government fund revenue surged by 20.8% year-on-year, a significant recovery from the previous month's decline of 8.1%[10] - Cumulatively, government fund revenue decreased by 2.4% in the first half of 2025, with land transfer revenue down by 6.5%[10] - Government fund expenditure in June increased by 79.2% year-on-year, driven by accelerated issuance of special bonds[10] Future Fiscal Policy Outlook - The Central Political Bureau meeting indicated that macro policies will continue to be proactive in the second half of 2025, emphasizing the need for increased government bond issuance and improved fund utilization[12] - Potential measures may include raising the fiscal deficit ratio and increasing the issuance of special bonds to stimulate domestic demand and counteract external economic slowdowns[12]

Core Viewpoint - China's proactive fiscal policy is aimed at promoting stable economic operation, with a significant increase in fiscal spending despite a slight decline in fiscal revenue [1][3]. Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - In 2025, the broad fiscal revenue is projected to be 11.2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of approximately 1.3%, while broad fiscal expenditure is expected to reach 14.5 trillion yuan, an increase of about 6.6% [1]. - The fiscal deficit is expected to be 3.3 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 46.5%, which will be compensated through government borrowing [1][11]. Tax Revenue Analysis - The general public budget revenue for the first five months of the year is 9.7 trillion yuan, showing a slight decline of 0.3% year-on-year, with tax revenue at 7.9 trillion yuan, down 1.6% [3][4]. - The decline in tax revenue is attributed to multiple factors, including difficulties faced by some enterprises and a sluggish real estate market [4][6]. Non-Tax Revenue Trends - Non-tax revenue for the general public budget increased by 6.2% year-on-year to 1.7 trillion yuan, although it showed a decline in May compared to the same period last year [4][6]. Government Bond Issuance - To maintain fiscal spending, the government has accelerated the issuance of government bonds, with 6.29 trillion yuan issued in the first five months, a year-on-year increase of 38.5% [7][8]. Fiscal Spending Focus - Fiscal spending in the first five months reached 11.3 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%, with significant allocations towards social security, employment, and education [8][10]. - The central government has expedited transfer payments to local governments to support basic livelihood guarantees [8]. Future Fiscal Policy Directions - The government plans to implement additional fiscal policies as needed, particularly in the second half of the year, to meet economic development goals [11][12]. - There is an emphasis on establishing a childcare subsidy system and addressing investment shortfalls through new policy financial tools [12].

证券研究报告 | 2025年06月21日 2025 年 5 月财政数据快评 收支两端同时走弱，财政力度指数回落 经济研究·宏观快评 | 证券分析师： | 董德志 | 021-60933158 | dongdz@guosen.com.cn | 执证编码：S0980513100001 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 联系人： | 王奕群 | | wangyiqun1@guosen.com.cn | | 事项： 财政部公布 2025 年 1-5 月财政数据，全国一般公共预算收入 96623 亿元，同比下降 0.3%。其中，全国税 收收入 79156 亿元，同比下降 1.6%；非税收入 17467 亿元，同比增长 6.2%。全国一般公共预算支出 112953 亿元，同比增长 4.2%。分中央和地方看，中央一般公共预算本级支出 15792 亿元，同比增长 9.4%；地方 一般公共预算支出 97161 亿元，同比增长 3.4%。 一般公共预算：收支同时转弱，基建支出显著下滑 评论： 一般公共收入转弱，税收、非税收入均回落。5 月一般公共预算收入当月同比 0.1%，前值 1.9%。税 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In April, the broad fiscal revenue turned slightly positive, and the intensity of fiscal expenditure continued to increase. Looking ahead, both domestic and external demands are under pressure due to the fluctuating tariff policies, so incremental fiscal policies are still worth expecting [1][4]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Revenue Side - In April, the year - to - date tax revenue growth rate turned positive for the first time, the non - tax revenue growth rate declined, and the general budget revenue growth rate slightly increased. From January to April, the central general public budget revenue decreased by 3.8% year - on - year, while the local general public budget revenue increased by 2.2% year - on - year [1][10]. - In terms of taxes, personal income tax and enterprise income tax had relatively high growth rates. New - quality productivity supported tax growth. The government - funded revenue growth rate turned positive for the first time in nearly a year, which may be related to the improvement in land transactions at the beginning of the year and the lag in land transfer revenues, but its sustainability remains to be seen [2][12]. Expenditure Side - In April, the expenditure of the general public budget maintained a relatively high growth rate, and the expenditure growth rate of government - funded funds further increased, indicating that fiscal expenditure was front - loaded. Structurally, the expenditure on social sciences, culture, and education increased significantly [3][16]. - Measured by the broad deficit, fiscal efforts were intensified and were earlier than in previous years. As of April, the cumulative broad fiscal deficit was 2.65 trillion yuan, and the current cumulative broad deficit rate was 1.9%, higher than the same period from 2021 - 2024 and similar to that in 2020 [4][22].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core View of the Report In March, the growth of general fiscal revenue remained weak, while fiscal expenditure increased significantly. In the context of tariff policy shocks and limited urban investment financing, it is expected that fiscal policy will further strengthen in the future, including accelerating the issuance of government bonds within the budget and potentially expanding fiscal deficits, special bonds, and special treasury bonds [1][5]. Summary by Related Catalogs Revenue Side - **General Public Budget Revenue**: In March 2025, the monthly general public budget revenue increased by 0.3% year-on-year (previous value -1.6%), with tax revenue down 2.2% year-on-year (previous value -3.9%) and non-tax revenue up 5.9% year-on-year (previous value 11.0%). Central general public budget revenue decreased by 5.3% year-on-year, while local general public budget revenue increased by 2.79% [1][11]. - **Tax Revenue**: In March, tax revenue was down 2.2% year-on-year. Among the four major taxes, domestic VAT increased by 4.9% year-on-year (1 - 2 months 1.1% year-on-year), domestic consumption tax increased by 9.6% year-on-year (1 - 2 months 0.3% year-on-year), corporate income tax increased by 16.0% year-on-year (1 - 2 months -10.4% year-on-year), and personal income tax dropped by 58.5% year-on-year. Export tax rebates increased by 8.3% year-on-year, tariffs decreased by 12.1% year-on-year, real estate-related taxes decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, and securities trading stamp duty increased by 63.2% year-on-year [2][13]. - **Government Fund Revenue**: In March, government fund revenue decreased by 11.7% year-on-year (1 - 2 months -10.7% year-on-year), mainly due to weak land transfer revenue. From January to March, government fund revenue decreased by 11% year-on-year. Although high-frequency land transaction data improved at the beginning of the year, the sustainability is expected to be limited [3][15]. Expenditure Side - **General Public Budget Expenditure and Government Fund Expenditure**: In March, general public budget expenditure increased by 5.7% year-on-year (1 - 2 months 3.4% year-on-year), and government fund expenditure increased by 27.9% year-on-year (1 - 2 months 1.2% year-on-year). From January to March, general public budget expenditure increased by 4.2% year-on-year, and government fund expenditure increased by 11.1% year-on-year [3][17]. - **Fiscal Expenditure Structure**: In March, the growth rate of traditional infrastructure expenditure was low, and the increase was mainly concentrated in social and cultural education and debt interest payments. Infrastructure fiscal expenditure increased by 0.49% year-on-year, with significant differences among sub - items. Expenditure on education, social security and employment, and debt interest payments had relatively high growth rates [4][17]. Fiscal Deficit As of March, the cumulative general fiscal deficit was 2.3 trillion yuan. Assuming a nominal GDP growth rate of 4% this year, the current cumulative general fiscal deficit rate is 1.6%, higher than in previous years and close to 2020, indicating increased fiscal efforts [4][25]. Future Outlook In the context of tariff policy shocks and limited urban investment financing, it is expected that fiscal policy will further strengthen. This includes accelerating the issuance of special treasury bonds and special bonds, and there is still room for further expansion of fiscal deficits, special bonds, and special treasury bonds. The subsequent Politburo meeting is an important observation window [5][30].