9月29日，据大华银行消息，大华银行中国与深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司（星源材质）签订合作 备忘录。双方将在绿色贸易融资、跨境资金管理、供应链金融等方面深化合作，共同推动中国新材料新 能源产业拓展东盟市场。未来，大华银行拟为星源马来西亚生产基地提供绿色贸易融资、外汇交易额 度、货币互换等风险对冲工具。 ...

Background of Forex Futures - Forex futures originated in the 1970s, driven by the significant changes in the international monetary system, particularly the collapse of the Bretton Woods system [4][5] - The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates between currencies and the US dollar, which was pegged to gold, minimizing foreign exchange risk [4] - The collapse of this system in 1973 and the subsequent Jamaica Agreement in 1976 allowed countries to choose their exchange rate systems freely, increasing foreign exchange risk and the demand for risk management [4][5] Development of Forex Futures in the US - The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) launched the first forex futures contracts in May 1972, marking the establishment of the forex futures market [6] - The market expanded rapidly after the Jamaica Agreement, with other exchanges like NYMEX and NYFE entering the forex futures business [6] - By 1982, standardized forex options were introduced, further diversifying the forex derivatives market [6][7] Current State of Forex Futures in the US - The CME is the primary market for forex futures and options in the US, continuously introducing new forex derivatives to meet diverse investor needs [2][10] - In 2024, the CME's average daily trading volume reached 26.5 million contracts, a 9% increase from 2023, with forex products averaging 1.03 million contracts daily, an 8% year-on-year growth [14] - The most traded forex futures in 2024 included the Euro (258,000 contracts), Japanese Yen (192,000 contracts), and British Pound (120,000 contracts) [14] Trends in Forex Futures Development - There is an increasing demand for forex derivatives due to heightened market volatility and the need for effective risk management [16] - Emerging market currency derivatives are expected to see significant growth as economies develop and trade volumes increase, particularly in regions like Latin America [16]

Business Background - The company, Great Wall Motor Co., Ltd., is expanding its overseas operations, leading to increased foreign exchange income and expenditure, which has resulted in a growing foreign exchange risk exposure due to mismatches in currency and timing [1] - To mitigate the adverse effects of significant exchange rate fluctuations and reduce financial costs, the company plans to engage in foreign exchange hedging through derivatives based on specific business needs [1] Types of Transactions - The foreign exchange derivative transactions include but are not limited to forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange swaps, currency swaps, foreign exchange options, interest rate swaps, interest rate options, and their combinations [1] Transaction Amounts and Limits - The maximum contract value held at any point during the period from board approval until the 2025 annual board meeting will not exceed RMB 20 billion or its equivalent in other currencies [2] - The estimated transaction margin and premiums will not exceed RMB 3.5 billion or its equivalent in other currencies during the same period [2] Duration and Funding Sources - The duration of the transactions will generally not exceed three years and will match the underlying transaction period [2] - The funding for these foreign exchange derivative transactions will primarily come from the company's own funds [2] Counterparties and Liquidity Arrangements - Transactions will be conducted with domestic and international financial institutions that have the qualifications and good credit for foreign exchange derivative trading [2] - The business amounts and durations will generally align with the expected income and expenditure plans to ensure liquidity [2] Risk Analysis - Market risk arises from differences between contract rates and actual rates at maturity, which can lead to trading gains or losses [3] - Liquidity risk may occur if foreign exchange derivatives are not appropriately arranged, potentially impacting the company's cash flow [3] - Performance risk is minimized by selecting counterparties with good credit and established long-term business relationships [3] Risk Control Measures - The company will only engage in simple foreign exchange derivatives closely related to its core business, adhering to prudent and safe risk management principles [4] - A strict management system for foreign exchange derivative trading has been established, detailing operational principles, approval authority, and risk management procedures [4] - Regular audits of derivative trading activities will be conducted by the internal audit department to ensure compliance and risk management [4] Feasibility Conclusion - The company aims to enhance financial stability by addressing exchange rate and interest rate risks through foreign exchange derivative transactions based on actual business needs [5]

Core Viewpoint - The company aims to mitigate foreign exchange risks associated with its international business operations by engaging in financial derivative transactions with reputable domestic financial institutions [1][2]. Summary by Sections Financial Derivative Products Overview - The primary purpose of the transactions is to hedge against foreign exchange risks due to increasing foreign currency settlement volumes as the company expands its international business [1]. - The company plans to conduct transactions including but not limited to forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange options, interest rate swaps, and currency swaps [2][3]. Transaction Amount - The authorized transaction amount for financial derivative transactions is capped at RMB 300 million (including equivalent foreign currency amounts) [2]. - The maximum expected margin and premium for these transactions will not exceed RMB 35 million (including equivalent foreign currency amounts) [2]. Funding Source - The funds for the financial derivative transactions will come from the company's own resources and will not involve raised funds [2]. Transaction Duration - The validity of the transactions will last for a maximum of 12 months from the date of approval by the company's board of directors [3]. Review Procedures - The proposal for engaging in financial derivative transactions was approved by the company's board of directors and does not require shareholder meeting approval [3]. Impact on the Company - Engaging in financial derivative transactions is intended to enhance the company's ability to manage foreign exchange risk without affecting normal business operations or cash flow [4]. - The company will adhere to relevant accounting standards for the recognition and measurement of financial instruments related to these transactions [4].

Core Viewpoint - The company Long-term Logistics (stock code: 603569) announced on August 27, 2025, its plan to engage in financial derivative transactions with reputable domestic commercial banks to mitigate foreign exchange market risks and reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on its profits [1]. Transaction Details - The authorized period for the proposed financial derivative transactions is up to 12 months from the board's approval date, with a maximum transaction amount not exceeding RMB 300 million (including equivalent foreign currency amounts) at any point within the authorized limit [2]. - The maximum margin and premium to be utilized for these transactions will not exceed RMB 35 million (including equivalent foreign currency amounts), and the funds can be recycled within the authorized period [2]. - The types of transactions include but are not limited to forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange options, interest rate swaps, interest rate options, currency swaps, and combinations thereof, involving major settlement currencies such as USD, EUR, and PLN [2]. Review Situation - This matter was approved at the 13th meeting of the fifth board of directors held on August 26, 2025, and does not require submission to the shareholders' meeting as it falls within the board's approval authority [3]. - The company had previously approved a similar proposal on August 23, 2024, which was successfully executed without exceeding the authorized limit, necessitating a new application due to the expiration of the 12-month authorization period [3]. Risk and Control - The company acknowledges the market, performance, liquidity, and operational risks associated with financial derivative transactions and has implemented several measures to control these risks [4]. - These measures include selecting simple and controllable products aimed at hedging, adhering to the authorized limit, and establishing clear responsibilities and approval processes [4]. - The finance department is responsible for implementation and monitoring, while the audit department oversees compliance, with independent directors and the supervisory board having the authority to conduct inspections [4]. Impact on the Company - The purpose of engaging in these transactions is to hedge against the risks posed by foreign exchange market fluctuations, thereby enhancing the company's ability to manage exchange rate risks without engaging in speculative or arbitrage activities [5]. - The company assures that this will not affect its daily cash flow or core business operations, and it will account for the transactions according to relevant accounting standards and disclose pertinent information in a timely manner [5].

本文来自微信公众号：三折人生，作者：三折人生，原文标题：《700亿元！3分钟搞懂钱还能这样换钱！》，题图来自：AI生成 2025年8月18日，我国央行行长会见来访的泰国银行行长。 期间，两国央行签署了人民币和泰铢的双边本币互换协议的第三次展期与修订协议。 换啥？咋换？是不是有点晕？ 今天我们就来解释下什么是双边本币互换。 为了更好地解释货币互换， 我们把日历翻回到1981年。 联合国有个经营国际金融业务的机构叫做世界银行， 当时的世界银行有点烦恼， 双边本币互换又被称为货币互换，或者货币掉期。 就是指两个国家或地区约定好汇率、额度和期限后，两种货币直接兑换，且不需要第三方货币进行清算。 与此同时，总部位于美国的IBM公司却有另一种烦恼， 于是， 故事发生了： 世界银行和IBM公司进行了美元与德国马克、瑞士法郎的货币互换交易，这样双方都以低成本筹集到了自身所需的货币。 这就是人类历史上第一份货币互换合约， 自此以后，货币互换开始在世界各地兴起并迅速发展。 货币互换能规避汇率风险，降低交易成本，维护金融市场稳定。 我们举个例子， 假设有A、B两国的企业做生意， 如果使用大家都认可的国际货币，算是个好方法， 但即使 ...

Core Viewpoint - Yantai Zhongchong Food Co., Ltd. has established an internal control system for financial derivatives trading to regulate trading behavior and mitigate associated risks, ensuring compliance with relevant laws and regulations [2][3][4]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The internal control system is based on the Company Law, Securities Law, and relevant regulations from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, aiming to standardize financial derivatives trading within the company and its subsidiaries [2][3]. - Financial derivatives include products such as forwards, swaps, and options, which can be traded on-exchange or over-the-counter, and may involve various underlying assets [2][3]. Group 2: Trading Principles - The company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in purely profit-driven financial derivatives trading; all transactions must be grounded in normal business operations and aimed at hedging against currency and interest rate risks [3][4]. - Transactions must only be conducted with qualified financial institutions approved by regulatory authorities, ensuring compliance with national laws and internal regulations [4][5]. Group 3: Approval and Management - The Board of Directors or the Shareholders' Meeting is responsible for approving financial derivatives trading activities, with specific limits set based on the company's audited net assets [4][5]. - The financial department is tasked with proposing trading plans based on market analysis, while the audit department oversees compliance and the securities department handles necessary disclosures [6][7]. Group 4: Risk Management - The financial department must monitor market prices and assess risk exposure, ensuring timely delivery and managing counterparty credit risks [8][9]. - A risk analysis report is required monthly, detailing trading activities, risk assessments, and compliance with stop-loss limits [9]. Group 5: Information Disclosure - The company is obligated to disclose information regarding financial derivatives trading in accordance with regulatory requirements, particularly when losses exceed a certain threshold [9][10]. - Any significant risks or losses must be reported to the stock exchange within two trading days if they meet specified criteria [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - The company aims to utilize futures and derivatives trading to hedge against significant fluctuations in raw material prices, specifically soybeans, to ensure stable operations and development [1][2][3]. Group 1: Trading Purpose and Instruments - The primary purpose of the trading is to leverage the hedging functions of the futures market to mitigate adverse impacts from raw material price volatility on the company's operations [1][2]. - The trading instruments include futures, options, forwards, swaps, and combinations of these financial tools [1][4]. - The company plans to use its idle self-owned funds for the hedging activities, with a maximum investment of RMB 50 million [2][3]. Group 2: Trading Amount and Sources - The expected maximum balance for margin and premiums related to futures and derivatives trading is set at RMB 50 million, which can be used cyclically within the approval period [2][3]. - The funding for these trading activities will come from the company's own funds, without involving raised capital [3][4]. Group 3: Trading Procedures and Risk Management - The board of directors approved the adjustment of the hedging business on July 10, 2025, which does not require shareholder approval [2][4]. - The company will engage in trading at recognized domestic and foreign exchanges, including the Shanghai Futures Exchange and Dalian Commodity Exchange [3][4]. - A comprehensive risk management system is in place to address potential market, liquidity, operational, and credit risks associated with the trading activities [5][6]. Group 4: Impact on Company Operations - The trading activities are expected to enhance the company's ability to manage raw material price risks effectively, thereby supporting stable operational performance [5][6]. - The accounting treatment for the futures and derivatives trading will comply with relevant financial reporting standards [6].

Core Viewpoint - The company has established a comprehensive set of guidelines for its hedging activities to mitigate market price volatility risks, ensuring that these activities align with its operational needs and comply with relevant regulations [1][2]. Group 1: Hedging Business Overview - The hedging business includes financial derivatives and commodity futures hedging to mitigate risks associated with exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices [1][2]. - The company must conduct hedging activities in a legal, prudent, safe, and effective manner, ensuring that these activities do not interfere with normal operations or involve speculative trading [2]. Group 2: Organizational Structure - The company's board of directors and shareholders' meeting serve as the decision-making bodies for hedging activities [3]. - A dedicated working group is established to manage hedging activities, comprising key executives such as the chairman, general manager, and financial officers [3][4]. Group 3: Approval Authority - The company must prepare a feasibility analysis report for hedging activities, which requires approval from the board of directors [5]. - Certain transactions, particularly those involving significant financial commitments, must also be submitted for shareholders' approval [5]. Group 4: Risk Management - The company is required to conduct thorough assessments of financial institutions before engaging in hedging activities [27]. - Regular audits and checks are mandated to ensure compliance with risk management policies and to identify any operational risks [28][30]. Group 5: Emergency Procedures - In the event of significant market changes or natural disasters, the company must promptly report and take necessary actions to mitigate risks, including closing or locking positions [37][39]. - Contingency plans are in place for operational disruptions, ensuring that trading can continue through alternative means [40][41]. Group 6: Documentation and Record Keeping - All documentation related to hedging activities, including applications, approvals, and transaction records, must be archived for a minimum of ten years [41]. - The company is responsible for maintaining confidentiality regarding its hedging strategies and financial information [25].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - China's foreign exchange reform has gradually established a dynamic equilibrium exchange rate system that emphasizes both market - led pricing and macro - prudential management through a series of reforms from 2015 to 2022 [14] - The RMB exchange rate is affected by international payments, interest rate parity, and relative economic strength. When these three factors are in the same direction, it is more likely to form a trend of appreciation [194] - The offshore RMB market's liquidity is supported by cross - border trade settlement for long - term growth and central bank support and market financing for short - term stability [87] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Foreign Exchange Reform - China's foreign exchange reform includes the improvement of the mid - price mechanism in 2015, the introduction of the counter - cyclical factor in 2017, the dynamic adjustment of cross - border financing macro - prudential parameters in 2019, and the strengthening of the foreign exchange risk reserve system in 2022 [14] - The mid - price mechanism combines the previous day's closing price and the change of a basket of currencies, which makes the mid - price close to the market and takes into account external stability [21] - The counter - cyclical factor guides market rational expectations, weakens the self - reinforcement mechanism of pro - cyclical behavior, and enhances the resilience and stability of the exchange rate mechanism [24] - Since the launch of the LPR reform in August 2019, the loan quotation mechanism has become more market - oriented, breaking the "implicit lower limit" of loan interest rates [27] - The adjustment of cross - border financing macro - prudential parameters aims to increase cross - border financing quotas, relieve RMB depreciation pressure, and optimize the asset - liability structure of domestic entities [32] 3.2 Domestic RMB Foreign Exchange Market - The RMB foreign exchange market is divided into the bank - to - customer market and the inter - bank market. The inter - bank market has high liquidity and large trading volume [41] - The inter - bank foreign exchange derivatives market has developed since 2005, with swap transactions being the most important trading method [62] - In the spot market, the willingness of enterprises to settle foreign exchange has weakened, and the demand for purchasing foreign exchange has increased. In the forward market, enterprises tend to lock in the cost of purchasing foreign exchange in advance [66] - Short - term foreign exchange derivatives dominate the market, mainly meeting the short - term foreign exchange capital allocation and risk management needs of banks and enterprises [81] 3.3 Offshore RMB Market - The long - term liquidity of the offshore RMB market is mainly supplied by cross - border trade settlement, and the short - term liquidity is obtained through market financing and official support [87] - The offshore RMB market has various products, including CNH spot, RMB offshore non - deliverable forward, RMB offshore deliverable forward, RMB futures, and RMB futures options [94] - The participants in the offshore RMB market are diversified, and the proportion of non - financial institutional investors has increased, narrowing the gap between the offshore and onshore exchange rates [101] 3.4 QFII, RQFII, and QDII - QFII and RQFII systems have been gradually liberalized, allowing foreign institutional investors to invest in the Chinese domestic capital market. The two systems have been unified [106] - The QDII system allows domestic institutional investors to invest overseas, and its investment scope and scale have been gradually expanded [108] 3.5 RMB Internationalization - RMB internationalization has gone through three stages: using trade settlement as a breakthrough, accelerating investment and financial opening, and enhancing global influence [112] - To promote RMB internationalization, China has promoted RMB pricing in commodities, expanded the opening of the domestic financial market, and strengthened RMB settlement in neighboring and "Belt and Road" countries [122] 3.6 SWIFT and CIPS - SWIFT is the most important cross - border payment system globally, but the increasing use of financial sanctions by the US has made the international community aware of the risks of the US - dollar - dominated system. CIPS is playing an increasingly important role in RMB cross - border settlement [127] - In 2024, CIPS handled a large number of RMB cross - border payment transactions, and the RMB's share in global payments has increased, ranking fourth [132] 3.7 RMB Exchange Rate Analysis - Short - term RMB exchange rate trends are determined by capital supply and demand, market expectations, and policy and external environments [140] - The issuance of offshore central bank bills affects the supply and demand of offshore RMB, and the swap point reflects market expectations for the RMB [169] - The RMB exchange rate is affected by international payments, interest rate parity, and relative economic strength. When these factors are in the same direction, it is beneficial for the RMB exchange rate [194] - The international balance of payments affects the RMB exchange rate. Trade surpluses lead to RMB appreciation, and capital outflows lead to RMB depreciation [195] - Interest rate parity affects capital flow. When the RMB interest rate is higher than the US dollar interest rate, it supports the RMB; otherwise, the RMB is under pressure [195] - Relative economic strength affects market expectations. When China's economic prospects are better than the US, the RMB has the potential to appreciate [197]