Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system to support sustainable development in watershed economies [1] Group 1: Governance and Policy Framework - Xi Jinping's thoughts provide significant guidance for watershed governance, promoting a new development concept that drives collaborative upgrades in watershed economies [2] - The governance framework includes breaking administrative barriers to create a watershed economic community, enhancing regional economic integration [2] - The ecological civilization thought encourages balancing ecological and economic development, as seen in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Basin strategies [2][3] Group 2: Practical Examples of Watershed Governance - The Yangtze River Economic Belt focuses on ecological foundations and green transformation, implementing projects to improve water quality and restore fish species [4] - The Yellow River Basin addresses water resource challenges through a dual control system, emphasizing water conservation and ecological restoration [4] - The Pearl River Delta promotes a "chain upgrade, collaborative efficiency" model, enhancing industrial competitiveness through regional integration [5] Group 3: Theoretical Framework for Watershed Economics - The Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system integrates various theories to ensure a balance between development and protection [6] - Resource and environmental carrying capacity theory provides a scientific basis for watershed development intensity and industrial layout [7] - The theory of regional coordinated development emphasizes ecological compensation and benefit sharing to promote balanced development within watersheds [7] Group 4: Implementation Pathways for Watershed Economics - Building a Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system requires addressing theoretical bottlenecks and quantifying resource environmental carrying capacity [9] - The approach includes creating a closed-loop mechanism that iterates between practice and theory to enhance governance effectiveness [9] - Interdisciplinary integration is essential, developing tools that combine ecological economics, regional science, and environmental law to foster new fields [9]

Core Points - The draft of the Ecological Environment Code marks a significant step in the compilation of environmental laws in China, integrating over 30 existing laws and numerous regulations into a comprehensive framework [2][3] Group 1: Key Highlights - The draft emphasizes a people-centered approach, aiming to address local ecological issues that affect citizens directly, with a focus on public health and environmental rights [3][4] - New regulations are introduced to prevent pollution at the source, particularly addressing issues like cooking fumes, odor, and construction noise, by enhancing planning and zoning measures [5] - A separate chapter on green and low-carbon development reflects China's commitment to its dual carbon goals and high-quality development strategies [6][7] Group 2: New Areas of Focus - The draft includes provisions for the management of new pollutants such as chemical substances, electromagnetic radiation, and light pollution, addressing emerging environmental risks [8][9] - It grants independent enforcement powers to county-level environmental agencies, enhancing local governance and accountability in environmental protection [10][11] Group 3: Legislative Improvements - The draft strengthens regulations on mobile source pollution, including engines and railway locomotives, to improve oversight of emissions from vehicles [12][13] - It introduces unified penalties for third-party environmental monitoring agencies that engage in fraudulent practices, addressing gaps in current enforcement mechanisms [14][15] Group 4: Addressing Conflicts and Enhancing Enforcement - The draft standardizes penalties for non-compliance across various environmental laws, improving clarity and consistency in enforcement [16] - It adjusts penalties for individuals involved in hazardous waste activities, aiming to enhance legal applicability and enforcement efficiency [17][18] Group 5: Responding to New Challenges - New regulations are established for the management of construction waste and the disposal of retired renewable energy products, addressing contemporary waste management challenges [19] - A dedicated chapter for responding to sudden ecological events is included, aiming to improve the legal framework for emergency environmental management [20]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that standardizing enterprise-related law enforcement inspections is crucial for optimizing the business environment and stimulating market vitality [1] - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has introduced the "law enforcement + service" concept, highlighting the need for innovative regulatory methods to achieve a balance between strictness and leniency [1][2] - The transition from a "one-size-fits-all" approach to "precision enforcement" requires law enforcement personnel to possess stronger legal knowledge and technical skills [1][2] Group 2 - The distinction between "minor violations" and "malicious violations" is critical in flexible law enforcement, necessitating a deep understanding of legal boundaries by enforcement personnel [2] - The implementation of a "comprehensive inspection once" mechanism aims to break down departmental barriers and enhance the effectiveness of cross-sector collaboration [2] - Law enforcement personnel are expected to evolve from mere executors to "guardians of the rule of law" and "service providers for development," ensuring ecological protection while facilitating green enterprise growth [3]

Group 1 - The demolition of the entire site of Luzhou Xinfeng Chemical Co., Ltd. has officially started, which is significant for eliminating major environmental risks along the Yangtze River [1] - The demolition action is monitored by an environmental management unit using various technical methods to prevent secondary pollution during the process [1] - Luzhou City has introduced an environmental supervision mechanism to ensure industrial enterprises achieve "ecological exit" through comprehensive soil pollution prevention and risk control [1] Group 2 - Luzhou City focuses on key regulatory units and risk points in soil pollution prevention, establishing a comprehensive monitoring system for soil and groundwater pollution [2] - Key enterprises have invested over 140 million yuan in green upgrades to reduce soil pollution risks in critical areas [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Jiangsu Province Suqian City Ecological Environment Bureau has introduced six measures to optimize the business environment, including the implementation of "appointment-based inspections to clarify issues at once" to help enterprises identify and resolve potential ecological and environmental problems effectively [1][2] Group 1: Measures and Implementation - The "appointment-based inspection" allows enterprises to proactively apply for inspections, ensuring precise departmental coordination and expert on-site services to comprehensively identify and address environmental issues [1] - During the inspection, personnel will review environmental impact assessment reports, pollution discharge permits, and self-monitoring reports, while also checking for leaks and other non-compliance issues on-site [1] - This comprehensive approach aims to create a problem list for enterprises, guiding them in rectification and enhancing the specificity of operational and maintenance work [1] Group 2: Challenges and Recommendations - The "once clarified" approach poses significant challenges for enforcement personnel and experts, who must provide a complete environmental risk checklist and clear recommendations to enterprises [2] - To achieve the desired policy effects, it is essential to promote awareness among relevant enterprises and provide incentives for those who proactively apply for inspections, such as funding opportunities, honors, and reduced inspection frequency [2] - Companies are encouraged to leverage external expertise to identify gaps and improve both product quality and environmental protection simultaneously [2]

Group 1 - In the first quarter of 2023, China's wind and solar power generation capacity increased by 74.33 million kilowatts, reaching a total installed capacity of 1.482 billion kilowatts, surpassing coal-fired power capacity for the first time [1] - The achievement reflects China's commitment to energy structure adjustment and clean energy development, driven by policy support, technological innovation, and market forces [1] - The investment in non-fossil energy sources accounted for 86.6% of the total power investment in 2024, indicating a rapid development of the clean energy industry chain [1] Group 2 - China's advancements in renewable energy technology provide valuable experience and motivation for global renewable energy development [2] - The International Renewable Energy Agency reported that over the past decade, the average cost of wind and solar power generation has decreased by more than 60% and 80%, respectively, largely due to Chinese innovation and manufacturing [2] - China's overseas clean energy investments span major countries and regions, supporting green and low-carbon energy development in those areas [2] Group 3 - Despite historical achievements in renewable energy, challenges remain in consolidating advantages and transforming scale expansion into system resilience [3] - The intermittency and instability of renewable resources necessitate urgent demand for new energy storage solutions [3] - Optimizing power system regulation and improving market mechanisms are essential for better integration and utilization of renewable energy [3]

Core Viewpoint - The State Council emphasizes strict regulation of administrative inspections related to enterprises, promoting a more accommodating and prudent law enforcement approach to optimize the business environment [1][2]. Group 1: Specialization and Expertise - Focus on establishing guidance and support teams and expert databases, leveraging resources from environmental protection research institutions and universities to create collaborative platforms [1]. - Utilize professionals in environmental management and pollution control to address the issue of "who can help" and avoid information asymmetry [1]. Group 2: Precision in Support - Tailor assistance to meet the specific needs of enterprises, ensuring that the experts providing guidance have relevant backgrounds and experiences that align with the challenges faced by the businesses [2]. - Implement a "one enterprise, one policy" approach to provide personalized support [2]. Group 3: Innovation in Technology - Promote technological innovation through guidance and support actions, including the introduction of new policies, management concepts, and pollution control technologies [2]. - Encourage the adoption of health management services and environmental liability insurance to enhance risk prevention capabilities for enterprises [2]. Group 4: Practical Implementation - Assist enterprises in establishing self-inspection and self-correction mechanisms, creating a list of legal risk points based on industry characteristics and public administrative penalties [3]. - Develop a dynamic checklist for hidden risk inspections, ensuring comprehensive identification and rectification of issues [3].

新时代新征程，县域承载着新的功能和使命，既是全面推进乡村振兴的主战场，也是城乡融合发展的关 键切入点，还是美丽中国建设的重要载体。在推进美丽县域建设的过程中，党委政府要做好统筹，调动 各部门包括人民群众的积极性，系统谋划打好美丽建设总体战。结合美丽四川建设先行试点县两年来的 工作经验，笔者提出以下建议。 坚持规划引领，紧扣目标定位。要充分衔接美丽中国、美丽省域、美丽城市、美丽乡村等重要政策文件 的目标指标，同时要分解落实分领域行动方案及上位政策规划要求，高质量编制实施方案，因地制宜提 出鲜明的战略定位、明确的目标指标、具体的任务举措、有效的保障措施等基本内容，形成各美其美的 建设路径。在制定目标和任务时要有前瞻性，既确保可行性，又有助于推动形成绿色生产方式和生活方 式。 突出系统谋划，打造标志性工程。深刻理解"外美、内丽、气质佳"的美丽中国建设内涵，将"生态环境 美、高质量发展、制度机制优"作为衡量美丽建设成效的重要标准。结合地方实际，将系统谋划和分步 推进相结合，按照"近期可实施、长期有储备、定期可滚动"的原则，精心谋划实施一批示范性、引领 性、拉动性强的工程项目，将重大工程作为美丽建设的一项重要抓手，在衔 ...

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China" was presented for the first review at the 15th meeting of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee, marking a significant step in the legal framework for ecological civilization and environmental protection in China [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Framework - The Ecological Environment Code consists of five parts: General Principles, Pollution Prevention, Ecological Protection, Green Low-Carbon Development, and Legal Responsibilities, totaling 1188 articles [1]. - This code is the second law in China to be named a "code," following the Civil Code, and represents a major legal initiative by the central government to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature [1][2]. Group 2: Systematic Integration - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code aims to address the fragmented nature of existing environmental laws, which have led to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in regulatory frameworks [2]. - The code will not only compile existing laws but also integrate and innovate the legal system to enhance its systematic, holistic, and timely nature, adapting to new challenges and requirements [2][3]. Group 3: Focus Areas - The code will encompass comprehensive laws related to ecological protection and pollution prevention, while also addressing critical areas of green low-carbon development and climate change [3]. - It aims to incorporate essential legal norms related to water basins, natural resources, biodiversity, and circular economy, ensuring the code remains open and compatible with future developments [3].

在制度保障的基础上，上海市注重发挥科技平台的支撑作用，拓展协同治理的专业航道。依托上海市环 境科学研究院、上海市疾病预防控制中心、上海交通大学等资源优势，率先建设以新污染物环境健康影 响评价为核心目标的重点实验室，打造跨学科、跨领域的科研协作平台。平台实行理事会领导下的主任 负责制，创新"项目共研、数据共享、人才共育"运行机制，打通新污染物从环境迁移至健康风险全链条 研究路径。2024年，重点实验室以优异成绩通过生态环境部验收，并成功举办新污染物治理与环境健康 学术交流会，凝聚各界专家学者智慧，助推新污染物风险防控体系化发展。 利益整合，推进包容性治理 党的二十届三中全会提出，建立新污染物协同治理和环境风险管控体系。《关于深入打好污染防治攻坚 战的意见》《关于全面推进美丽中国建设的意见》等文件也提出了加强新污染物治理的要求。上海市紧 紧围绕长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区的国家战略，在新污染物治理领域积极开展系统性探索，构建 起"技术赋能—机制创新—利益协调"的治理框架，初步形成了颇具地方特色的新污染物全生命周期治理 模式。 数智赋能，提升监管效能 与常规污染物相比，新污染物来源广泛、成分复杂、隐蔽性强、监测难 ...