小红书算法很容易让人刷到一窝一窝的断供留学生。 作为过来人，今天来系统性地聊一下"假如我是留学生本人，应该如何应对家庭断供"，经验主要适用于英国，或许可以在其他主流留学目的地通用，供各 位参考。 断供未必是无间地狱，也可能是勇者试炼。 一、断供：天崩开局 2. 家庭内部信息不透明，当事人没有偿付能力 断供总结下来就是家庭现金流出了问题。很多留学生就是家里帮忙处理这种俗务，自己不经手大钱，也没有完全经济独立，遇到这种情况都会宕机一会 儿。 这时候你可能会有崩溃的妈、灰心的爸。一些家长可能会提前有所感知，但99.9%对局势毫无控制力，有的到最后一刻都拉不下脸说，有的则是相信那 种"拉我一把我还能行！"的幻觉。 作为第一当事人，不要抱有"说不定过几个月我爸妈有钱了呢"的侥幸心理然后什么都不做，他们做什么都是plus，你才是自己的第一责任人，你可以承担 法律责任，你能够通过行动改变命运，而不是等别人救你。你必须立刻开始行动。 1. 课程时间长，需要资金量大 3. 不了解外部环境 据本人手工统计，大部分断供发生在高中和本科阶段，也有少量2年～3年硕士遭殃。一年制硕士课程，家长都有所觉悟，容易一次性缴清学费。 不少留子还 ...

Core Concept - The term "county Brahmin" refers to individuals in Chinese counties who establish resource monopolies through administrative power, commercial capital, and social networks, similar to the Brahmin caste in India that holds religious and knowledge authority [1] Group 1 - The concept of Brahmin originates from India's caste system, where Brahmins hold a privileged position as priests [1] - In Chinese counties, "county Brahmins" represent a system of hidden resource monopolies created by leveraging power and connections [1] - The comparison between Indian Brahmins and county Brahmins highlights the commonality of resource control and privilege in both contexts [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the rise of the "loneliness economy" in South Korea, highlighting the increasing demand for personalized and individual dining experiences as loneliness becomes more prevalent in society [2][20]. Group 1: Market Trends - The concept of "one-person dining" is gaining traction, with a significant market potential as more young consumers prefer individual dining experiences over group meals [22][20]. - As of March 2023, restaurants offering single-person meal options have increased to 10.4% in South Korea, indicating a growing acceptance of this dining style [21]. - The number of single-person households in South Korea has surpassed 10 million, accounting for 42% of households, reflecting a broader societal shift towards individual living [20]. Group 2: Consumer Behavior - Young consumers are increasingly viewing dining as a personal experience rather than a social obligation, leading to a decline in the stigma associated with eating alone [22][20]. - The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness of hygiene in dining, making one-person meals more appealing to health-conscious consumers [20]. - The emotional and psychological aspects of dining alone are being recognized, with many individuals seeking the freedom and comfort that comes with solitary meals [23][22]. Group 3: Cultural Context - South Korean dining culture traditionally emphasizes communal eating, which can create social pressure for individuals who prefer to dine alone [15][17]. - The stigma surrounding one-person dining is still prevalent, with some establishments refusing service to solo diners, reflecting a cultural bias against individual eating [17][15]. - Popular media, such as the drama "Together We Eat," portrays the struggles of individuals who feel embarrassed about dining alone, further illustrating the societal challenges faced by solo diners [14][15].

Group 1 - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2025 was awarded to American scientists Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Japanese immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance [1][2] - Their research focuses on the mechanisms of negative regulation of the immune system, specifically the role of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) as a "brake" for immune responses [1][7] - The total prize money for this year's award is 11 million Swedish Krona, approximately 8.31 million RMB, which remains unchanged from the previous year [3] Group 2 - The research conducted by the awardees has been relatively overlooked in the past, but it is now gaining attention as it has the potential to impact multiple billion-dollar markets [2][9] - Treg cell-related therapies are projected to exceed $25 billion by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate of 44% from 2024 to 2031, indicating significant market potential in areas such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplant rejection [8][11] - The global market for autoimmune drugs has surpassed $100 billion, with projections reaching $176.7 billion by 2030, highlighting the growing interest and investment in this therapeutic area [11][12] Group 3 - Treg cell therapies are currently in a critical transition from research to clinical application, with 234 studies already in clinical trial phases, predominantly in North America [7][11] - Major pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer and AstraZeneca are actively investing in Treg cell-related therapies, indicating a strong industry interest in this area [11][12] - Despite the potential of Treg cell therapies, challenges remain, including issues with stability and potential toxicity, which need to be addressed for effective clinical use [12][13]

在黑得伸手不见五指，压强能把人瞬间压成一张纸片的海洋深处，生命又是怎么存续的呢？今天我们来 聊聊地球online的另一套生命"操作系统"。 ...

Group 1 - AMD's stock price surged over 37% following the announcement of a four-year agreement with OpenAI to provide hundreds of thousands of AI chips and an option for OpenAI to acquire up to 10% equity in AMD [1][2][12] - The deal is expected to generate hundreds of billions in revenue for AMD and represents a significant challenge to Nvidia in the lucrative AI accelerator market [2][10] - OpenAI's recent investment in AMD comes shortly after Nvidia announced a partnership with OpenAI, involving a potential investment of up to $100 billion [3][11] Group 2 - As part of the collaboration, AMD will deploy a total of 6 gigawatts (GW) of GPU power, starting with 1 GW of AMD Instinct MI450 GPUs planned for deployment in the second half of 2026 [5][6] - AMD issued warrants for up to 160 million shares of common stock to OpenAI, which will be unlocked as deployment milestones are achieved [7][8] - The partnership is seen as a critical step for OpenAI in building an alternative to Nvidia's dominance in the AI infrastructure space [11] Group 3 - AMD anticipates significant revenue from the partnership starting next year, with further acceleration expected by 2027, potentially leading to AI business revenues exceeding $100 billion [10][12] - OpenAI's CEO highlighted the importance of this collaboration in enhancing AI capabilities and accelerating progress in the field [11][12] - The partnership reflects a broader trend in the tech industry towards substantial investments in AI infrastructure and the growing demand for high-performance AI tools [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the transformation of China's fruit consumption and production, emphasizing the shift from scarcity to abundance, and the growing trend of importing fruits alongside domestic production [2][5][49] - China has become the world's largest fruit producer and consumer, accounting for approximately one-third of global fruit production [2][8] - The average daily fruit consumption in China has increased to around 300 grams, which is a significant improvement compared to 60 years ago [5][49] Group 2 - Despite high domestic production, China remains a net importer of fruits, with imports projected to reach 8.184 million tons in 2024, 1.5 times the export volume [9][12] - The preference for imported fruits is driven by consumer demand for out-of-season and diverse varieties, as well as the higher commercialization of imported fruits [9][19] - Tropical fruits such as durian and cherries are among the most imported, with cherries primarily sourced from Chile [14][19] Group 3 - The article discusses the rise of "super fruits," which are marketed for their unique qualities and health benefits, and how they are increasingly being developed to meet consumer demand [26][31] - Blueberries are highlighted as a particularly successful example of a "super fruit," with their average price increasing by 31.67% from 2023 to 2024 [31] Group 4 - The article notes that the price of fruits has generally decreased, making previously expensive fruits more accessible to the average consumer [34] - However, the increase in fruit production has not been matched by a proportional increase in orchard area, leading to potential oversupply and price volatility [37][41] Group 5 - The article emphasizes the trend of fruits becoming sweeter, with breeding practices focusing on higher sugar content and lower acidity [42][45] - This shift towards sweeter fruits has raised concerns about consumer fatigue and the potential health implications of excessive sweetness [48][56]

Group 1: Oil Price Dynamics - The article discusses the historical context of low oil prices before the 1970s, highlighting that the average retail price of gasoline in the US was about 36 cents per gallon in 1970, which is equivalent to approximately $2.5 today when adjusted for inflation [2] - The low oil prices prior to the 1970s were attributed to the initial use of oil primarily for lighting and the discovery of easily extractable oil reserves in the Middle East, which contributed to a significant expansion of the petrochemical industry [3][5] - The article argues against the notion that capitalist countries intentionally suppressed oil prices to exploit oil-producing nations, suggesting instead that low prices were a strategy to expand market size and create consumer habits [6][8] Group 2: Price Competition in Japan - The article highlights the phenomenon of price competition in Japan from 2000 to 2020, where a discount store maintained prices at 100 yen for most products, reflecting a long-term deflationary environment [11][12] - It discusses the pricing strategy of bottled water in Japan, where a 2L bottle is often cheaper than a 550ml bottle due to competitive pricing tactics employed by convenience stores to attract customers [14][15] - The pricing dynamics illustrate how retailers use loss leaders and competitive pricing strategies to maintain customer traffic and increase overall sales, despite the apparent price distortion [17][18] Group 3: Historical Context of Milk Disposal - The article recounts the "milk dumping" events during the Great Depression in the US, where farmers disposed of milk due to plummeting demand and prices, leading to a complex interplay of market forces and protests [19][21] - It explains that the milk dumping was not solely due to market conditions but also involved organized actions by farmers and industry associations to raise prices through reduced supply [22][23] - The US government intervened during this period by implementing policies to stabilize milk prices, including the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which aimed to reduce production and increase prices [24][25][26]

本文来自微信公众号：返朴 （ID：fanpu2019），翻译：郭晓强、顾舒晨、汪润、常恺，题图来自：视觉中国 此外，郭晓强还表示，坂口志文和拉姆斯德尔等（另一位是Alexander Rudensky）因该发现曾获得过瑞典的克拉福德奖（诺贝尔奖补充 奖），原本大家都认为不会"梅开二度"，同一项发现被同一个委员会颁发两次奖，鉴于物理奖已有先例（如2005年克拉福德奖获得者皮布 尔斯（James Peebles）分享2019年诺贝尔物理学奖，2012年克拉福德奖获得者根泽尔（Reinhard Genzel）和盖兹（Andrea Ghez）分享2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖），这里也就显得不奇怪了。 中国科协研究员/中国科大副教授李旭在接受《返朴》采访时表示："感觉今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖是继去年给了微小RNA之后，再一 次给我的冷门震撼。因为按照规律，大家都在猜"逢5逢10"的年头应该要给医学相关的成果，就是临床导向会比较强的工作，但这一次给 了免疫。不过虽然让人吃惊，也在情理之中。它是作为很多现在正在高速发展的临床治疗方法的核心基础。无论癌症治疗过程中对于被诱 降的那部分免疫细胞如何清除，还是在治疗自身免疫疾病的时 ...

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their foundational contributions to the field of immune tolerance [2][5] - Their work identified regulatory T cells as "guardians" of the immune system, preventing it from harming the body [3][6] - The discoveries have paved the way for potential therapies currently under clinical evaluation, which may treat or cure autoimmune diseases and improve cancer therapies [7][6] Group 1 - The Nobel laureates provided decisive insights into the mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases [8] - In 2001, Brunkow and Ramsdell made a key discovery explaining why a specific mouse strain (scurfy) is particularly prone to autoimmune diseases, linked to a mutation in the Foxp3 gene [9][10] - Sakaguchi discovered a new class of T cells, demonstrating the complexity of the immune system beyond the previously believed central tolerance process [11][12][13] Group 2 - The announcement of the award marks the beginning of the 2025 Nobel Prize season, which runs from October 6 to 13 [22] - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 115 times since 1901, with a total of 229 laureates, none of whom have won the award more than once [22] - The Nobel Prize season is viewed as an important window for insights into future industry trends, with a growing emphasis on interdisciplinary research [23][24][25]