谷喻（财经评论员、高级经济师） 根据国家统计局公布的11月份PMI数据，整体呈现制造业企稳回升、建筑业动能积聚、服务业短期调整 的阶段性图景。中国经济展现出在复杂环境中持续修复、结构不断优化的韧性特征，表明前期稳增长政 策成效渐显。同时，也为下一阶段实施精准宏观调控、激发消费潜能、培育新发展动能奠定了基础。 量。近期地方政府债务风险化解进程的提速，缓解了地方项目实施的财政约束，也对稳定整体投资预期 起到了积极作用。 再次，价格类指数普遍回升，反映出供需结构趋于优化，企业盈利环境正得到边际改善。11月份制造业 主要原材料购进价格指数和出厂价格指数均上升，这表明在需求端逐步恢复与企业生产活动回暖的共同 作用下，市场供需关系正朝着更为平衡的方向发展。这一趋势反映出前期对钢铁、建材等重点行业实施 的产能治理与结构优化政策显现出积极效果，有助于缓解部分行业过度竞争和"内卷"压力。价格传导机 制初步得到畅通，制造企业的成本压力有望通过产品定价得到一定程度的疏导，整体盈利空间有望迎来 边际修复。 展望未来，宏观政策预计将更加精准协同。对制造业特别是中小企业、高技术制造业的支持政策需保持 连续性和稳定性，以巩固复苏向好势头， ...

银河 证券表示，11月市场行情呈现出高低切换特征，资金从高估值成长股流向低估值周期股及红利资 产，防御板块吸引力上升。12月来看，市场仍处于风格频繁切换阶段，或以结构性行情为主。一方面， 作为年末最关键的政策窗口，重要政策会议在科技创新、扩内需、反内卷、稳地产等方面或将作出重点 部署。另一方面，一系列产业会议可能成为主题行情的重要 催化剂，关注即将召开的2025" 人工智能 +"产业生态大会、 脑机接口大会等。而外部环境依然存在不确定性，12月美联储议息会议表态对全球 市场流动性的潜在影响值得关注。 ...

从"量"、"价"角度看，1-10 月工业生产活动维持活跃，但价格端表 现仍较弱势。一方面，1-10 月工业增加值同比增长 6.1%，增速较前三季 度微幅下滑 0.1 个百分点，生产端仍能对当期工业企业盈利形成支撑。 另一方面，1-10 月 PPI、生产资料 PPI 同比增速仍为负，分别下降 2.7% 和 3.2%，但降幅均较 9 月微幅收窄 0.1 个百分点，工业品出厂价格表现 仍对工业企业盈利有所掣肘。 原材料价格仍是当前工业企业盈利能力的主要拖累。1-10 月生产资料 PPI 同比降幅仍较明显。在此前深度报告《我们如何理解国内"低通 胀"？》中，我们指出，国内工业品价格弱势受到国际大宗商品价格震 荡、国内地产投资不振等因素的共同影响，从 10 月的状况看： 首先，10 月煤炭开采和洗选业的进口价格指数（环比）为 73.7，低于 100 的上月基线水平，环比延续负增长，煤炭进口价格持续不振，1-10 月煤炭开采及洗选业对工业企业利润总额同比增速的负贡献为 4.2 个百 分点。 其次，地产投资仍对我国固定资产投资表现有所拖累，1-10 月累计同比 下降 14.7%，拖累当期固投增速 3.0 个百分点，仍是需求 ...

国家统计局工业司首席统计师于卫宁解读2025年1—10月份工业企业利润数据时表示，下阶段，在国际 环境复杂严峻，国内周期性结构性矛盾交织的背景下，要深入学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神，继续 精准落实党中央、国务院决策部署，推动各项政策协同发力，进一步扩内需、优结构、育新能，推动工 业经济量质齐升、动能焕新，不断筑牢实体经济根基。 （文章来源：第一财经） ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of consumer spending as a key driver of economic growth, highlighting the proactive measures taken by the government and financial institutions like Bank of Communications to stimulate consumption through retail credit initiatives [4][5][6]. Group 1: Government Policies and Economic Context - The Chinese government has been actively promoting consumption and expanding domestic demand through various policies, including subsidies, tax incentives, and the issuance of consumption vouchers [5]. - Since 2014, consumption has consistently been one of the three main drivers of economic growth, with a projected retail sales total of 48.8 trillion yuan in 2024, reflecting a 3.5% increase from the previous year [4][5]. - The contribution rate of consumption to economic growth is expected to be 44.5%, underscoring its critical role in the national strategy for expanding domestic demand [4]. Group 2: Bank of Communications' Strategy - Bank of Communications is aligning its retail credit business with national strategies to enhance consumer spending and improve living standards, focusing on integrating supply and demand through institutional frameworks [6][11]. - The bank has launched the "Jiao Yin Hui Dai" personal loan brand, which combines consumer and business loans to meet diverse financial needs, emphasizing a one-stop service model [8][9]. - The bank's retail loan growth has outpaced the market, driven by a commitment to high-quality development and effective risk management [11][12]. Group 3: Digital Transformation and Innovation - The bank is leveraging digital technology to enhance its retail loan services, implementing an integrated credit approval process that simplifies customer interactions [13][14]. - Advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, are being utilized to improve operational efficiency and risk management across the loan lifecycle [13][14]. - The bank aims to create a digital operating model that enhances customer experience and expands service coverage, particularly for new consumer segments [16][19]. Group 4: Risk Management and Talent Development - Bank of Communications is focusing on intelligent risk management, enhancing its fraud prevention systems and developing a dynamic monitoring and early warning system [20]. - The bank is committed to cultivating a workforce skilled in digital and data analysis to support its evolving business needs and improve frontline operational capabilities [19][20]. - The bank's risk management strategy includes a comprehensive collection and recovery system to maintain asset quality while expanding its loan portfolio [20].

Core Insights - The total retail sales in October increased by 2.9% year-on-year to 4.6 trillion yuan, slightly above the Wind consensus expectation of 2.7% [1] - The growth rate slowed down by 0.1 percentage points compared to September, primarily due to a deceleration in the sales of automobiles and home appliances [1] - Excluding automobiles, the retail sales of consumer goods grew by 4.0% [1] Group 1 - The holiday economic effect from the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, along with the early promotion period for "Double Eleven," contributed positively to sales [1] - Basic living goods showed a favorable sales trend, and the new high in gold prices boosted investment demand significantly [1] Group 2 - Looking ahead, the "14th Five-Year Plan" continues to emphasize expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption [1] - In the context of a moderate recovery in domestic demand, there may be a continued divergence in sales performance across different categories [1] - Structural opportunities are suggested to be focused on emotional consumption, the rise of domestic brands, AI+ consumption, and the silver economy [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In October 2025, the macro - economic data continued to decline, and the recovery momentum needed to be strengthened. However, there were improvement signals in CPI and PPI, and the M1 growth rate remained high. The domestic economy's recovery was a long - term process, and the real estate market's transformation and adjustment also took time. The "Expand domestic demand, Anti - involution" policy would be an important long - term measure. The financial market was in a state of "weak reality, strong expectation", and the market sentiment was continuously improving. The macro - economy and asset prices in 2025 were expected to continue the upward repair trend [3][34]. Summary by Directory 1. Manufacturing PMI - In October, the manufacturing PMI was 49.0%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, and the manufacturing prosperity declined. The PMI of large, medium, and small enterprises all decreased and were below the critical point. Among the 5 classification indexes, the supplier delivery time index was at the critical point, while the production, new orders, raw material inventory, and employment indexes were all below the critical point [4]. - The non - manufacturing business activity index in October was 50.1%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, rising to the expansion range. The construction industry business activity index was 49.1%, down 0.2 percentage points, and the service industry business activity index was 50.2%, up 0.1 percentage points. The decline in manufacturing PMI indicated insufficient demand and weak economic recovery momentum [7]. 2. CPI and PPI - In October 2025, the national CPI rose 0.2% year - on - year and 0.2% month - on - month. Food prices decreased year - on - year, while non - food prices increased. Other than food and tobacco, six of the seven major categories of prices increased year - on - year, and one decreased [8][9]. - The national PPI decreased 2.1% year - on - year in October, with the decline narrowing by 0.2 percentage points, and turned from flat to a 0.1% increase month - on - month. The purchase price of industrial producers also showed similar trends. The "Anti - involution" policy had achieved some results, and the PPI was expected to turn positive in 2026 [11][12]. 3. Import and Export - In October 2025, China's exports decreased 1.1% year - on - year, imports increased 1.0% year - on - year, and the trade surplus was $900.7 billion. Exports to the US decreased, while exports to ASEAN increased. Despite the poor performance in October, exports were expected to remain strong in 2025, and the real risk for foreign trade was the potential decline in global demand [14][16]. 4. Credit and Money Supply - At the end of October 2025, the stock of social financing scale was 437.72 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 8.5%. The increment of social financing scale in the first ten months was 30.9 trillion yuan, more than the same period last year. The overall credit in October was weak, indicating insufficient credit confidence and demand from residents and enterprises. Although the issuance of government bonds slowed down, the M1 growth rate remained high, and the macro - liquidity improved [18][22]. 5. Industrial Production, Consumption, and Investment - In October, the added value of large - scale industries increased 4.9% year - on - year and 0.17% month - on - month. The total retail sales of consumer goods increased 2.9% year - on - year. Consumption growth continued to decline, and the growth rates of automobile, catering, and real - estate - related consumption were weak. From January to October, the national fixed - asset investment (excluding rural households) decreased 1.7% year - on - year, and the growth rates of manufacturing, infrastructure, and real - estate development investment continued to decline [23][26]. 6. Real Estate Market - From January to October, the sales area and sales volume of new commercial housing decreased year - on - year, and the decline continued to expand in October. The new construction, construction, and completion of real estate were at a low level. The inventory of commercial housing decreased slightly. The real estate market was still in the adjustment stage, but it was expected to stop falling and stabilize in the first half of 2026 [27][33]. 7. Summary and Outlook - In general, the macro - economic performance in October was weak, but there were improvement signals in inflation indicators and M1. The "Expand domestic demand, Anti - involution" policy was crucial. The financial market was in a state of "weak reality, strong expectation", and the macro - economy and asset prices were expected to continue the upward repair trend in 2025. It was necessary to track policy implementation, observe price recovery, and wait for positive macro - economic signals [34][35].

Growth Targets and Economic Framework - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes achieving a per capita GDP of $20,000 (constant prices) by 2035, which is considered the threshold for "middle-developed countries" [5] - To meet this target, an average annual GDP growth rate of 4.17% is required during the "15th" and "16th" Five-Year Plans, considering a projected annual population decrease of approximately 0.20% [7] - The IMF recognizes 39 developed countries with a per capita GDP generally exceeding $20,000, which serves as a benchmark for China's growth aspirations [7] Economic Growth Projections - The expected growth rate for the "15th Five-Year Plan" is projected to be between 4.5% and 4.9%, while the "16th Five-Year Plan" is anticipated to be between 4.0% and 4.4% [18] - Achieving the 2035 target necessitates a compound annual growth rate of 4.4% over the next decade, factoring in a potential annual population decline [18] Structural Economic Changes - The transition from a GDP-driven growth model to a composite model involving productivity, inflation, and exchange rates is essential for sustainable growth [21] - The focus on "new quality productivity" is critical, aiming to enhance total factor productivity as a response to labor force contraction [26] Monetary Policy Considerations - The current monetary policy environment suggests limited room for interest rate cuts, with a focus on maintaining interest rate spreads [60] - A moderate easing of monetary policy is expected, primarily through liquidity support and structural adjustments rather than broad-based rate cuts [63] Fiscal Policy and Domestic Demand - The fiscal deficit is projected to remain between 3.8% and 4.0%, with a broad deficit exceeding 12 trillion yuan, emphasizing the need for effective fiscal measures to stimulate domestic demand [89] - The shift from "infrastructure finance" to "livelihood finance" is crucial for enhancing fiscal multipliers and improving overall economic efficiency [89]

Group 1 - The U.S. stock market closed mixed, with the Dow Jones down 0.65%, S&P 500 slightly down 0.05%, and Nasdaq up 0.13% [1] - Technology stocks showed mixed performance, with Micron Technology and SanDisk rising over 4%, Oracle up over 2%, and Microsoft and Nvidia up over 1% [2] - Most popular Chinese concept stocks declined, with the Nasdaq Golden Dragon China Index down 1.61%, and companies like Futu and Xpeng Motors falling over 5%, while Alibaba dropped over 3% [3] Group 2 - A new round of domestic demand expansion measures is expected to be introduced, focusing on enhancing supply-demand compatibility to release consumption potential and promote economic circulation [4] - Berkshire Hathaway has made significant moves in the tech sector, purchasing shares in Google-A while continuing to reduce its stake in Apple, indicating a strategic shift possibly related to future leadership [5]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information about the report industry investment rating in the provided content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - A-share market: A-share major indices declined collectively this week, with the Sci-Tech Innovation 50 and ChiNext indices falling by over 3%. The four stock index futures also declined. The market's trading activity increased slightly compared to last week. The market is expected to continue its weak recovery in the fourth quarter [9][15]. - Bond market: This week, Treasury bond futures showed a pattern of short-term weakness and long-term strength, and the capital market tightened slightly. The inflation level rebounded slightly, but its sustainability remains to be seen. The central bank will maintain a moderately loose policy, and the scope for further monetary easing this year is limited [9]. - Commodity market: China's PPI in October rebounded significantly, supporting the commodity index. However, gold and crude oil are expected to remain volatile. Given their large weights in the commodity index, the commodity index is expected to oscillate in the future [9]. - Foreign exchange market: The US dollar index continued to decline under pressure this week. The probability of the Fed cutting interest rates in December dropped significantly, causing the US dollar to oscillate in the short term. The euro area's economic outlook continued to improve, and the euro was supported in the medium term. The Japanese yen remained under pressure [13]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 This Week's Summary and Next Week's Allocation Recommendations - **Stock**: The Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index fell by 1.08%, and the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Stock Index Futures dropped by 1.26%. A-share major indices opened higher on Monday due to the inflation data released on Sunday, oscillated from Tuesday to Thursday, and declined significantly on Friday due to weak economic data in October. The recommendation is to buy on dips [9]. - **Bond**: The 10-year Treasury bond yield increased by 0.03%, and the main 10-year Treasury bond futures fell by 0.06%. Treasury bond futures showed short-term weakness and long-term strength this week, and the capital market tightened slightly. The recommendation is to trade within a range [9]. - **Commodity**: The Wind Commodity Index rose by 3.92%, and the China Securities Commodity Futures Price Index increased by 1.52%. China's PPI in October rebounded significantly, but gold and crude oil are expected to remain volatile. The recommendation is to wait and see [9]. - **Foreign exchange**: The euro against the US dollar rose by 0.78%, and the euro against the US dollar 2512 contract increased by 0.68%. The US government shutdown led to a downgraded economic outlook, and the US dollar declined. The recommendation is to be cautious and wait and see [9]. 3.2 Important News and Events - **Domestic**: The Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs suspended the implementation of multiple export control measures; China and Spain signed 10 cooperation documents; the State Council issued measures to promote private investment; ten departments promoted the opening and interconnection of logistics data [17]. - **International**: The US government shutdown ended; some Fed officials were cautious about interest rate cuts; the US suspended the implementation of export control penetration rules [13][18]. 3.3 This Week's Domestic and International Economic Data - **China**: In October, the industrial added value increased by 4.9% year-on-year, fixed asset investment decreased by 1.7% from January to October, CPI increased by 0.2% year-on-year, and PPI decreased by 2.1% year-on-year [14]. - **US**: The probability of the Fed cutting interest rates in December dropped significantly, and the US dollar oscillated in the short term [13]. - **Eurozone**: The economic outlook continued to improve, and the euro was supported in the medium term [13]. 3.4 Next Week's Important Economic Indicators and Economic Events - **US**: The industrial output monthly rate in October, the NAHB housing market index in November, and the initial jobless claims for the week ending November 15 [78]. - **UK**: The CPI monthly rate in October, the retail price index monthly rate in October, and the Gfk consumer confidence index in November [78]. - **Eurozone**: The CPI annual rate final value in October and the consumer confidence index preliminary value in November [78]. - **China**: The one-year loan prime rate as of November 20 [78]. - **Japan**: The core CPI annual rate in October [78].