2025年适度宽松的货币政策发力显效，为经济稳定增长和高质量发展创造了适宜的货币金融环境。2025 年货币信贷呈现什么特征？2026年金融举措将在哪些方面发力？在1月15日国新办举行的新闻发布会 上，中国人民银行、国家外汇管理局有关负责人详解2025年金融统计数据，并回应热点问题。 中国人民银行调查统计司司长闫先东介绍，2025年货币信贷呈现"总量增长、结构优化"的特征。2025年 企（事）业单位贷款增加15.47万亿元，是信贷增长主体。其中中长期贷款是企（事）业单位贷款增加 的主要构成，表明金融持续为实体经济提供稳定的资金来源。 记者从发布会上了解到，在金融"五篇大文章"领域，信贷总量增长较快，融资成本明显下降。截至去年 11月末，金融"五篇大文章"贷款余额107.7万亿元，同比增长12.8%；当年11月新发放贷款利率比上年同 期低0.42个百分点。 闫先东表示，2026年中国人民银行将综合运用多种货币政策工具，健全完善金融市场体制机制，推动金 融资源更精准、更高效地流向重点领域和薄弱环节。 继续实施适度宽松的货币政策 今年货币政策走向备受关注。邹澜表示，2026年要继续实施适度宽松的货币政策，加大逆周期和 ...

Core Insights - The financial data for 2025 indicates a robust performance, with new loans totaling 16.27 trillion yuan, reflecting the effectiveness of moderately loose monetary policies and sustained credit demand from businesses and households [1][2] - The total social financing scale increased by 35.6 trillion yuan, with M2 money supply exceeding 340 trillion yuan and RMB loan balance surpassing 270 trillion yuan, showcasing a solid financial system supporting economic stability and internal demand [1] Monetary Policy Impact - The past year saw precise monetary policy actions, including a 0.5 percentage point reduction in the reserve requirement ratio and a 0.1 percentage point cut in policy interest rates, which have led to reasonable growth in social financing and maintained low loan interest rates [1][3] - By December 2025, the weighted average interest rate for newly issued corporate loans was around 3.1%, a decrease of 2.5 percentage points since the second half of 2018, reducing financing costs for businesses [1] Loan Distribution and Economic Trends - In 2025, new loans to enterprises amounted to 15.47 trillion yuan, indicating that over 90% of new loans were aligned with corporate needs, with more than half of these being medium to long-term loans, reflecting stable expectations for future development [2] - Key sectors attracting loans included technology (11.5% growth), green initiatives (23% growth), inclusive finance (10.3% growth), elderly care (60.2% growth), and digital fields (14.6% growth), all surpassing the overall loan growth rate [2] Structural Policy Enhancements - Continuous optimization of structural monetary policy tools has been observed, including increased quotas for loans supporting technological innovation and agricultural financing, as well as the introduction of risk-sharing tools for technology innovation bonds [3] - The financial sector is supporting rapid growth in industries such as humanoid robotics, biomedicine, and high-end equipment manufacturing, contributing to the high-quality development of the economy [3] Future Outlook - The People's Bank of China has committed to maintaining a moderately loose monetary policy in 2026, focusing on counter-cyclical adjustments to expand domestic demand and optimize supply, thereby fostering a stable economic growth environment [3] - As financial support quality improves, the alignment between financial supply and high-quality development of the real economy is expected to strengthen, contributing to a positive economic trajectory [3]

广州足球公园项目在售平层及复式公寓。 南都记者 邱永芬 摄 今年降准降息还有空间 在1月15日国新办新闻发布会上，央行送出的首个政策礼包，是全面下调各类结构性货币政策工具利 率。邹澜宣布，下调各类结构性货币政策工具利率0.25个百分点。各类再贷款一年期利率从目前的1.5% 下调到1.25%，其他期限档次利率同步调整。 所谓结构性货币政策工具，即央行通过再贷款、再贴现等形式向银行体系定向提供资金的工具，目的是 引导金融机构加大对重点领域、重点行业和薄弱环节的信贷支持，例如支农支小再贷款、科技创新和技 术改造再贷款等。 1月15日，中国人民银行在国新办新闻发布会上送出"开年大礼包"。中国人民银行新闻发言人、副行长 邹澜在发布会上宣布八项重磅政策措施，进一步助力经济结构转型优化。 八项利好措施包括下调各类结构性货币政策工具利率0.25个百分点，设立专项民营企业再贷款额度1万 亿元，增加科技创新和技术改造再贷款额度至1.2万亿元，以及拓展服务消费与养老再贷款的支持领 域，降低商用房最低首付比例至30%等，相关措施的政策文件将于近日发布。同时，邹澜指出，2026年 降准降息还有一定空间。 邹澜介绍，2025年12月，国 ...

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced a reduction in the re-lending and re-discount rates by 0.25 percentage points, effective from January 19 [1] - The new rates for re-lending to support agriculture and small enterprises are 0.95% for 3 months, 1.15% for 6 months, and 1.25% for 1 year, while the re-discount rate is set at 1.5% [1] - The PBOC will increase the re-lending quota for agriculture and small enterprises by 500 billion yuan, and establish a 1 trillion yuan re-lending quota specifically for private enterprises [1] Group 2 - The PBOC decided to increase the re-lending quota for technological innovation and technological transformation by 400 billion yuan, bringing the total to 1.2 trillion yuan [2] - From 2026, private small and medium-sized enterprises with high R&D investment levels will be included in the support for technological innovation and transformation [2] - Projects related to energy-saving renovations, green upgrades, and low-carbon energy transitions will be included in the carbon reduction support tool, with an annual operation limit of 800 billion yuan [2]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is implementing a series of structural monetary policy tools to support high-quality economic development, including a 0.25 percentage point reduction in the interest rates of various structural monetary policy tools starting January 19, 2026 [1][3]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Measures - The PBOC announced eight policy measures aimed at enhancing counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, focusing on optimizing structural tools by "increasing quantity and reducing price" [3]. - Specific measures include increasing the re-lending quota for agricultural and small enterprises by 500 billion yuan, with a total quota for private enterprises set at 1 trillion yuan [3]. - The re-lending quota for technological innovation and technological transformation will be increased by 400 billion yuan to 1.2 trillion yuan, including support for high R&D investment private SMEs [3]. Group 2: Financial Market Stability - The external balance of the foreign exchange market has shifted from net outflows to net inflows, with a total net inflow of 302.1 billion USD in the past year [6]. - The PBOC aims to maintain a stable foreign exchange market, with the expectation of continued dual-directional fluctuations of the RMB exchange rate [6][7]. - The average statutory deposit reserve ratio for financial institutions is currently 6.3%, indicating room for further reserve requirement cuts [4]. Group 3: Economic Growth Indicators - In 2025, the total social financing increased by 3.34 trillion yuan compared to the previous year, reaching 35.6 trillion yuan [8]. - The broad money supply (M2) grew by 8.5% year-on-year, reflecting a 0.5 percentage point increase from the previous month [8]. - The PBOC's supportive monetary policy stance has resulted in financial growth significantly outpacing nominal GDP growth over an extended period [8].

在1月15日国新办举行的新闻发布会上，中国人民银行副行长邹澜释放了今年降准降息有一定空间的信 号。他表示，2026年人民银行将继续实施适度宽松的货币政策，发挥存量政策和增量政策的集成效应， 加大逆周期和跨周期调节力度，为经济稳定增长和高质量发展创造适宜的货币金融环境。 同时，邹澜宣布，人民银行将先行推出两方面政策措施：一方面，是下调各类结构性货币政策工具利 率，提高银行重点领域信贷投放的积极性；另一方面，是完善结构性工具并加大支持力度，进一步助力 经济结构转型优化。 ● 本报记者 彭扬 欧阳剑环 对于备受市场关注的降准降息问题，邹澜表示，从今年看还有一定的空间。从法定存款准备金率看，目 前金融机构的法定存款准备金率平均为6.3%，降准仍然有空间。 促进社会综合融资成本低位运行 加快落地民企再贷款等支持举措 作为先行推出的两项政策举措之一，下调各类结构性货币政策工具利率的安排已明确。邹澜表示，下调 各类结构性货币政策工具利率0.25个百分点。各类再贷款一年期利率从目前的1.5%下调到1.25%，其他 期限档次利率同步调整。 当日，人民银行宣布，自1月19日起下调再贷款、再贴现利率0.25个百分点。下调后，3个月 ...

1月15日下午，国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会，中国人民银行新闻发言人、副行长邹澜介绍了货币金融政策支持实体经济高质量发展成效，并发布了一 批年初先行出台的政策措施。邹澜表示，从今年看，降准降息还有一定空间。 邹澜在发布会上指出，目前金融机构的平均法定存款准备金率为6.3%，降准仍然有空间。在政策利率方面，外部约束方面，目前人民币汇率比较稳定，美 元处于降息通道，汇率不构成很强的约束；内部约束方面，2025年以来银行净息差已经出现企稳迹象，2026年还有规模较大的长期存款到期，此次下调各项 结构性货币政策工具利率有助于降低银行付息成本、稳定净息差，为降息创造一定空间。 同日，中国人民银行发布公告，决定自2026年1月19日起，下调再贷款、再贴现利率0.25个百分点。下调后，3个月、6个月和1年期支农支小再贷款利率分别 为0.95%、1.15%和1.25%，再贴现利率为1.5%，抵押补充贷款利率为1.75%，专项结构性货币政策工具利率为1.25%。邹澜在发布会上确认，此举旨在下调各 类结构性货币政策工具利率0.25个百分点，引导金融机构加大对重点领域的支持力度。 此外，邹澜还宣布了一系列完善结构性工具并加大支持 ...

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is implementing eight policy measures to enhance bank lending in key areas, support structural monetary policy tools, and assist in the optimization of economic structure transformation [1]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Adjustments - The PBOC will lower the interest rates of various structural monetary policy tools by 0.25 percentage points, reducing the one-year re-lending rate from 1.5% to 1.25% [1]. - The PBOC will merge the re-lending and rediscount quotas for agriculture and small enterprises, increasing the re-lending quota for agriculture and small enterprises by 500 billion yuan, with a dedicated quota of 1 trillion yuan for private enterprises [1]. Group 2: Support for Innovation and Technology - The re-lending quota for technological innovation and technological transformation will be increased from 800 billion yuan to 1.2 trillion yuan, expanding the support to include private small and medium-sized enterprises with high R&D investment levels [1]. - A combined risk-sharing tool for bonds of technological innovation and private enterprises will be established, providing a total re-lending quota of 200 billion yuan [1]. Group 3: Environmental and Consumer Support - The PBOC will expand the support areas for carbon reduction tools to include energy-saving renovations and green upgrades, guiding banks to support comprehensive green transformation [1]. - The support areas for service consumption and elderly care re-lending will be expanded to include the health industry, based on health industry recognition standards [2]. Group 4: Housing and Financial Services - The minimum down payment ratio for commercial property loans will be lowered to 30% in collaboration with the financial regulatory authority [3]. - Financial institutions are encouraged to enhance foreign exchange risk management services and diversify foreign exchange hedging products for enterprises [3].

（来源：工人日报） 本报北京1月15日电 （记者姜雨晴）下调各类结构性货币政策工具利率，下调商业用房购房贷款最低首 付比例，新增万亿民营企业再贷款，强化对科技、绿色、养老等领域的支持……记者从今天国新办举行 的新闻发布会上获悉，为支持实体经济高质量发展，中国人民银行宣布将推出系列政策，提高银行重点 领域信贷投放的积极性，加大结构性货币政策工具支持力度，进一步助力经济结构转型优化。 中国人民银行决定，自2026年1月19日起，下调再贷款、再贴现利率0.25个百分点。下调后，3个月、6 个月和1年期支农支小再贷款利率分别为0.95%、1.15%和1.25%，再贴现利率为1.5%，抵押补充贷款利 率为1.75%，专项结构性货币政策工具利率为1.25%。 为加大对中小微企业的金融支持力度，中国人民银行决定增加支农支小再贷款额度5000亿元，将支农支 小再贷款额度与再贴现额度打通使用。在支农支小再贷款项下设立民营企业再贷款，额度1万亿元。 为优化"两新"政策实施，进一步做好科技金融大文章，中国人民银行决定增加科技创新和技术改造再贷 款额度4000亿元，增加后总额度为1.2万亿元，并适当拓展政策支持领域。 为推动经济社会 ...

Core Viewpoint - The central bank has introduced eight significant policy measures to support the transformation and optimization of the economic structure, including lowering interest rates on various structural monetary policy tools and increasing credit support for key sectors [1]. Group 1: Policy Measures - The central bank will lower the interest rates on various structural monetary policy tools by 0.25 percentage points and establish a special relending quota of 1 trillion yuan for private enterprises [1]. - Specific measures include reducing the minimum down payment ratio for commercial housing to 30% and enhancing the support for structural tools [1]. - The central bank aims to coordinate these measures with fiscal policies to amplify their effectiveness and promote effective domestic demand [1]. Group 2: Structural Tools - The structural monetary policy tools will see an increase in quotas and a reduction in rates, with the relending and rediscount rates lowered by 0.25 percentage points [3]. - The quotas for relending to support technological innovation and small enterprises will increase from 800 billion yuan to 1.2 trillion yuan, with additional support for high R&D investment private SMEs [3]. - The central bank will merge existing financing support tools for private enterprises and technological innovation, providing a total relending quota of 200 billion yuan [3]. Group 3: Support for Private Enterprises - A special relending quota of 1 trillion yuan will be established to enhance financial support for small and medium-sized private enterprises [8]. - The relending for private enterprises will include support for medium-sized enterprises, addressing the financing challenges faced by this segment [9]. - The central bank will continue to improve financial services for private enterprises and enhance the internal policy arrangements of financial institutions [10].