Core Viewpoint - The growth of the US economy is expected to slow down due to persistent weakness in private consumption and cautious attitudes towards real estate and equipment investment [1] Group 1: Economic Growth - The rebound in GDP growth in the second quarter was primarily due to the reversal of adverse factors related to imports that impacted first-quarter growth [1] - Despite a strong rebound in the second quarter, underlying weaknesses such as a slowdown in domestic demand are being masked [1] - Future growth slowdowns will lead to a downward revision of GDP growth forecasts for 2026 [1] Group 2: Investment and Consumption - Private consumption remains weak, contributing to the anticipated slowdown in economic growth [1] - Cautious attitudes towards real estate and equipment investment are also factors in the expected economic deceleration [1] Group 3: Inventory and Tariff Impact - Significant inventory accumulation in the first quarter led to notable consumption of inventory in the second quarter [1] - The tariff policies implemented by the US are identified as a major cause of economic volatility [1]

日本央行行长植田和男：看到美国关税政策影响下需求激增和反作用的浪潮。我们正处于关税影响将显 现的阶段，但不确定何时显现。 ...

作者 | 第一财经 樊志菁 北京时间7月31日凌晨2点，美联储公布利率决议。 联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）以9-2的方式决定维持利率区间在4.25%-4.50%不变。美联储主席 鲍威尔表示，可以在等待关税政策是否推高通胀的同时保持利率稳定。他透露，尚未就9月可能的政 策调整"作出任何决定"。受此影响，美股尾盘跳水，美元指数逼近100大关，国际金价走弱。 美联储重申等待关税影响明朗化 决议声明称，尽管净出口的波动影响了数据，但最近的指标表明，经济活动继续以稳健的速度扩张。 失业率仍然很低，劳动力市场状况稳健，通货膨胀率有所上升。 FOMC重申，寻求在长期内实现最大就业率和2%的通货膨胀率。经济前景的不确定性有所增加，委 员会关注其双重任务的双向风险。 美联储主席鲍威尔在会后新闻发布会上表示，今年上半年经济增长有所放缓，但美联储完全有能力应 对潜在的发展。"与去年的2.5%相比，2025年上半年的增长放缓至1.2%。增长放缓主要反映了消 费支出的放缓。"美联储主席表示，"我们认为，目前的货币政策立场使我们能够及时应对潜在的经 济发展。" 2025.07. 31 本文字数：2232，阅读时长大约4分钟 在本次会议 ...

北京时间7月31日凌晨2点，美联储公布利率决议。 美联储主席鲍威尔在会后新闻发布会上表示，今年上半年经济增长有所放缓，但美联储完全有能力应对 潜在的发展。"与去年的2.5%相比，2025年上半年的增长放缓至1.2%。增长放缓主要反映了消费支出的 放缓。"美联储主席表示，"我们认为，目前的货币政策立场使我们能够及时应对潜在的经济发展。" 谈及关税的影响，美联储主席表示，"更高的关税已经开始体现在一些商品的价格上，但对经济活动和 通货膨胀的总体影响还有待观察。" 联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）以9-2的方式决定维持利率区间在4.25%-4.50%不变。美联储主席鲍威尔 表示，可以在等待关税政策是否推高通胀的同时保持利率稳定。他透露，尚未就9月可能的政策调整"作 出任何决定"。受此影响，美股尾盘跳水，美元指数逼近100大关，国际金价走弱。 美联储重申等待关税影响明朗化 决议声明称，尽管净出口的波动影响了数据，但最近的指标表明，经济活动继续以稳健的速度扩张。失 业率仍然很低，劳动力市场状况稳健，通货膨胀率有所上升。 FOMC重申，寻求在长期内实现最大就业率和2%的通货膨胀率。经济前景的不确定性有所增加，委员 会关注其 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the **U.S. economy**, **monetary policy**, and the **impact of tariffs** on the dollar's performance in the global market. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Weak Dollar Performance**: The dollar has weakened significantly in the first half of the year, with the dollar index around 98, influenced by a larger downward revision of U.S. economic growth compared to global growth, Trump's tariff policies, and expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts [2][4][6]. 2. **Economic Growth Projections**: The IMF revised U.S. economic growth forecasts from 2.7% to 1.8%, while global growth was adjusted from 3.3% to 2.8%. This indicates a more significant impact on the U.S. economy compared to the global economy [2][4]. 3. **Tariff Policy Impact**: Trump's tariffs have had a strong and uncertain impact, particularly following the announcement of reciprocal tariffs in April. However, the negative impact on the U.S. economy is expected to diminish in the second half of the year due to new trade agreements [4][5]. 4. **Federal Reserve's Dilemma**: The Fed faces a dual risk of needing to cut rates due to political pressure while inflation levels do not support rapid cuts. The market anticipates two rate cuts in the second half, but the timing remains uncertain [6][7][17]. 5. **Fiscal Pressure and Dollar Weakness**: High deficit rates typically correlate with a weak dollar. The CBO predicts that interest payments as a percentage of GDP will rise, indicating potential future dollar weakness [7][9]. 6. **Tariff Revenue Projections**: U.S. tariff revenue is expected to reach $250 billion in 2025, with a potential increase of $2.5 trillion over the next decade, which may alleviate some fiscal pressures despite the "Big and Beautiful" plan increasing the deficit [9][17]. 7. **Global Fund Allocation Trends**: There has been a shift in global fund allocation, with a reduction in stock holdings and an expansion in bond holdings. The "American exceptionalism" narrative is reversing, but the dollar's status as a reserve currency remains strong [3][11][14]. 8. **Stablecoin Development**: The development of stablecoins is crucial for maintaining the dollar's reserve status in the cryptocurrency space, with the U.S. government taking steps to ensure its dominance [15]. Other Important but Potentially Overlooked Content 1. **Inflation Monitoring**: Attention is needed on structural pressures within the CPI, as rising inflation could complicate the Fed's decision-making regarding rate cuts [6][7]. 2. **Market Sentiment and Future Trends**: The market sentiment may experience a reversal in the second half of the year, with potential fluctuations in the dollar's value as it navigates between 95 and 100 [18]. 3. **Long-term Fiscal Outlook**: While there are concerns about long-term debt and fiscal health, short-term impacts on the dollar are expected to be manageable due to measures taken by the current administration [17].

作者丨孙长忠（清华大学全球私募股权研究院研究员） 编辑丨陆跃玲 美联储将于7月29日至30日召开货币政策例会。目前市场认为这次会议降息概率接近于0，9月 降息概率也不到60%，主要原因是美国6月CPI数据表明，美国关税的通胀效应有所显现，美 联储仍需观察后续影响，且目前美国就业和经济增长情况总体良好，不必急于降息。然而最 近一系列相关进展表明，美国经济金融状况和内外环境正在发生新的变化，美联储决策的重 点和平衡点也将相应发生变化，本月会议可能未必按市场预期行事。 美联储两位理事沃勒和鲍曼6月表示支持7月降息，主席鲍威尔随后在国会听证会上也没有排 除这一可能性，表示对关税向零售价格的传导小于预期持"完全开放"的态度并将影响美联储 的政策，同时也强调预计美国关税将在6到8月间对价格产生显著影响，表示要等待形势更加 清晰明朗再作决定。也有FOMC其他委员表示关税将会使美国通胀上升，应继续维持现行利率 不变，但最新的形势变化也可能使美联储官员调整想法。 美国关税政策不确定性或将减弱。从美国最近与日本和欧盟达成的协议来看，15%关税具有标 志性意义，因为日本和欧盟对美贸易分量更大（欧盟最大），可视为美国的关税要求底线。 ...

Group 1: Federal Reserve Policy Outlook - The Federal Reserve's upcoming meeting on July 29-30 is expected to maintain current interest rates, with a near-zero probability of a rate cut in July and less than 60% for September, primarily due to the recent CPI data indicating the inflation effects of tariffs [1] - Recent comments from Fed officials suggest a potential shift in policy considerations, with some members supporting a rate cut while others advocate for maintaining current rates due to rising inflation concerns from tariffs [1][2] - The uncertainty surrounding U.S. tariff policies is diminishing, as recent agreements with Japan and the EU suggest a potential stabilization of tariff levels, which could reduce the Fed's concerns regarding inflation and influence their decision-making [2] Group 2: Inflation Trends - Current inflation levels in the U.S. are not showing significant increases, with the June CPI data indicating a projected PCE inflation growth of 2.5% year-on-year, and core PCE at 2.7% [3] - Research indicates that excluding tariff impacts, U.S. inflation has been close to the Fed's 2% target, suggesting that the inflationary pressure from tariffs may not be as significant as previously thought [3] - If consumers absorb one-third of the new tariffs, a permanent 10% increase in tariffs could raise PCE inflation by 0.3 percentage points this year, but this effect is expected to dissipate by next year [3] Group 3: Employment and Economic Growth - Recent employment data shows signs of weakness, with only 147,000 new jobs added in June, primarily from government sectors, while private sector job growth appears stagnant [4] - The private sector's employment situation is critical for understanding economic momentum, and recent adjustments suggest that previous job growth figures may have been overestimated [4] - Economic indicators such as retail sales and PMI show stability, but sectors sensitive to interest rates, like manufacturing and real estate, are experiencing contraction, indicating a need for potential rate cuts to stimulate consumer spending [4] Group 4: Market Sentiment and Fed Independence - There is growing concern regarding the independence of the Federal Reserve, especially with external pressures from the Trump administration advocating for rate cuts [5] - A rate cut in July could be perceived as yielding to political pressure, while a refusal to cut rates when appropriate could undermine the Fed's independence [5] - The possibility of postponing a rate cut until September is being considered by some FOMC members, reflecting a cautious approach to monetary policy [5]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - The report suggests a mid - term strategy of slightly bearish in a volatile market [4] Group 2: Core Viewpoints - The rebound of the US dollar exerts pressure on precious metals, and the uncertainty of the Fed's interest rate cut remains. The market expects a low probability of a rate cut in July [2] - The US economy shows certain resilience, with rebounds in retail sales and relatively stable inflation data [3] - The relationship between the US dollar and gold is the main logical line in the near term, and attention should be paid to the possible divergence between gold and silver prices [31] Group 3: Summary by Directory Chapter 1: Market Review - Due to the rebound of the US dollar index, precious metals are generally weak but remain in a high - level volatile pattern. The silver follows gold passively, and gold moves in a seesaw relationship with the US dollar [11] Chapter 2: Overview of Important News - The US has reached multiple trade agreements, including with the EU, Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and imposed various tariff rates [13][15][16] - According to CME "FedWatch", the probability of the Fed keeping the interest rate unchanged in July is 97.4%, and the probability of a 25 - basis - point cut is 2.6%. In September, the probability of keeping the rate unchanged is 35.9%, the probability of a cumulative 25 - basis - point cut is 62.4%, and the probability of a cumulative 50 - basis - point cut is 1.6% [13] - Trump has repeatedly pressured the Fed to cut interest rates, including threatening to remove Fed Chairman Powell and criticizing the high cost of the Fed's office building renovation [16][17] Chapter 3: Analysis of Important Influencing Factors 3.1 US Economy and Policy - US retail sales in June rebounded strongly, with a 0.6% month - on - month increase, mainly driven by auto sales. The US economy shows certain resilience, but the first - quarter GDP contracted [18] 3.2 International Economy and Geopolitics - The US has reached trade agreements and imposed tariffs on multiple countries, and the EU may impose counter - tariffs on US products [13][16][23] 3.3 Other Financial Markets - The improvement of the Middle East situation has led to a significant drop in oil prices, weakening US inflation pressure. The divergence in copper prices is affected by US tariff policies. The rise of the US stock market is supported by the resilience of the US economy and is beneficial to silver [24] 3.4 RMB Exchange Rate - The RMB has an appreciation trend, but in the long run, the exchange rate cannot form a continuous trend and thus cannot have a trend - forming impact on precious metals. However, short - term large fluctuations need to be monitored [29] Chapter 4: Market Outlook and Investment Strategy - The market's expectation of a Fed rate cut in July is still weak, but there is uncertainty. Pay attention to the subsequent trend of the US dollar index and the possible divergence between gold and silver prices [31]

Core Insights - The report discusses the evolution of US tariff policies and their impact on the metal chemical plating industry, emphasizing the urgency for Chinese companies to internationalize due to domestic market saturation and global opportunities [2][3]. Section Summaries 1. US Tariff Policy Evolution and Impact on Metal Chemical Plating Industry - The report defines metal chemical plating products and analyzes the core aspects of tariff policies [2]. - It highlights the influence of US tariff adjustments on global supply chains and the pressing need for Chinese metal chemical plating companies to expand internationally [2][3]. - The research aims to analyze policy impacts and summarize corporate strategies while providing future planning recommendations [2]. 2. Industry Impact Assessment - The report outlines optimistic, conservative, and pessimistic scenarios for the global metal chemical plating industry scale trends from 2024 to 2031 [3]. - It assesses the direct impacts of tariff policies on Chinese metal chemical plating companies, focusing on cost and market access pressures [3]. 3. Corporate Response Strategies - Companies are shifting from export dependency to global capacity layout and facing challenges in supply chain restructuring [3]. - Strategies include optimizing supply chain resilience, diversifying markets, and innovating products and business models [4]. 4. Global Market Share of Enterprises - The report provides market share and ranking data for major global metal chemical plating companies based on revenue and sales volume from 2022 to 2025 [3][4]. - It includes sales revenue, market share, and pricing trends for key players in the industry [3][4]. 5. Future Outlook: Restructuring Global Industry Landscape and China's Role - Long-term trends and strategic recommendations for the industry are discussed, focusing on the reshaping of the global landscape and the role of Chinese companies [4]. 6. Current Global Capacity Distribution - The report forecasts global metal chemical plating supply and demand from 2020 to 2031, detailing capacity, production, and utilization trends [4][5]. 7. Market Size and Growth Potential in Emerging Markets - Analysis of global sales and revenue trends for metal chemical plating from 2020 to 2031, with a focus on emerging markets [5][6]. 8. Overview of Major Global Manufacturers - The report includes detailed profiles of major manufacturers, including their production bases, sales regions, competitors, and market positions [5][6]. 9. Product Type and Application Scale Analysis - The report categorizes metal chemical plating products by type and application, providing sales and revenue comparisons from 2020 to 2031 [6][7].

Summary of GCC Economic Outlook and Key Insights Industry Overview - The report focuses on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies, particularly in the context of oil production, economic growth, and the impact of geopolitical tensions and US tariffs on the region's economic outlook [2][3][4]. Core Insights 1. **Economic Growth Trends**: - GCC economic growth accelerated to 2.2% in 2024 from 1.4% in 2023, with oil GDP contracting by 2.7% after a 5.8% contraction in 2023. Non-hydrocarbon activity grew by 4.6% due to strong domestic demand and reform efforts [13][46]. - The forecast for 2025 anticipates growth accelerating to 4.3%, driven by a projected 5.1% increase in hydrocarbon GDP and a 4.2% rise in non-hydrocarbon GDP [50]. 2. **Oil Production and Prices**: - OPEC+ plans to increase production by 548,000 barrels per day in August 2025, which is expected to significantly boost oil GDP growth [38][40]. - Oil prices are projected to average $65 per barrel in the short term, with expectations of fluctuations impacting government revenues and economic stability [27][31]. 3. **Impact of US Tariffs**: - The US has a trade surplus with GCC states, and recent tariff policies have not imposed punitive tariffs on these countries. However, indirect effects on global economic activity and oil markets are being closely monitored [57][61]. - The GCC's export exposure to China is significant, with Oman having exports to China constituting over 28% of its GDP, indicating vulnerability to global trade tensions [82]. 4. **Monetary Policy Outlook**: - GCC monetary policy is closely tied to US Federal Reserve actions due to the region's exchange rate regime. A weakening labor market in the US may lead to rate cuts, which could influence non-oil activity in the GCC [97][100]. - The report suggests that domestic liquidity conditions, influenced by oil prices, will significantly affect the transmission of US monetary policy to the GCC [103]. 5. **Budget and Current Account Balances**: - The aggregate budget deficit for the GCC is expected to widen to 3.8% of GDP in 2025 from 2.4% in 2024, while the current account surplus is projected to decrease to 4.5% of GDP from 5.5% [48][50]. Additional Important Insights - **Geopolitical Tensions**: The economic fallout from geopolitical tensions is a key concern, with potential impacts on trade and investment flows in the region [2][15]. - **Inflation Trends**: Headline inflation has returned to pre-pandemic levels, but core inflation remains elevated, influenced by services inflation [17][22]. - **Sectoral Performance**: Non-oil sectors are expected to continue performing well, supported by domestic demand and ongoing reforms, despite challenges from global economic conditions [44][50]. This comprehensive analysis highlights the GCC's economic resilience amid fluctuating oil prices and geopolitical uncertainties, while also emphasizing the importance of monitoring external economic influences, particularly from the US and China.