2025 年 09 月 28 日 罄， 推荐关注化工 ETF》2025-09-22 投资要点 ▌本周建议一览 核心观点： 大类资产继续演绎"高风偏但高脆弱，增加保护"的配置 逻辑，本周公布的美国经济数据较好，印证了"预防式降 息"性质。GDP 终值和当周初请失业人数均大超预期，数 据公布后市场交易降息预期略有回摆，美元指数走强，美 股、港 A 科技股均承压。 高风偏但高脆弱，"慢牛"中仍需耐心 分析师：吕思江 S1050522030001 lvsj@cfsc.com.cn 分析师：马晨 S1050522050001 machen@cfsc.com.cn 相关研究 1、《基本面、资金面、情绪面三维 共振，积极看多港股市场》2025- 09-23 2、《降息一周后对大类资产怎么 看？》2025-09-22 3、《第二批科创债 ETF 首日即售 我们仍然强调本轮是非典型的"预防式降息"：硬数据不 差，流动性不太可能立刻大幅度宽松；经济景气度不低， 意味着股债性价比仍然偏向权益。自四月初以来，风险资 产仓位在本周第一次出现存量流出，值得注意。总之是一 个"高风偏但是高脆弱，增加保护"的格局。 国内资产的增量流动性在十 ...

Core Viewpoint - The A-share and Hong Kong stock markets continue to exhibit "volatile differentiation + internal rotation of technology style," with capital preference focusing on power equipment, non-ferrous metals, and electronics sectors [1][4] Economic Environment - The U.S. August core PCE data did not show significant inflationary pressure, increasing market bets on two more rate cuts by the Federal Reserve this year [1][18] - The "Great American Rescue Plan" is expected to gradually take effect in the second half of the year, alongside fiscal and monetary expansion in Europe, which may boost global demand recovery [1][11] Industry Performance - The technology-related overseas sectors are performing strongly due to ongoing capital expenditure expansion related to AI, while traditional manufacturing and consumption sectors are relatively weak due to high interest rates suppressing demand [2][8] - The A-share and Hong Kong markets are seeing a rotation in capital towards sectors with clear improvement in profitability, such as power equipment and non-ferrous metals [4][6] Investment Opportunities - The AI sector remains a mid-term industry prosperity mainline, with potential for short-term trading adjustments as valuations digest [3][18] - Key areas to watch include battery, engineering machinery, and the anti-involution price increase chain (express delivery, breeding, fiberglass) [3][18] - The overseas capital goods chain is worth early-stage exploration, particularly in non-ferrous metals, engineering machinery, and petrochemicals [3][18] Market Trends - Historical analysis shows that after the Fed resumes rate cuts, improvements in the U.S. job market often lag, while PMI and CPI rebound more quickly [14][18] - The current high interest rate environment is expected to gradually improve housing mortgage rates and corporate financing rates, potentially leading to a recovery in the real estate sector and traditional industry investment willingness [11][18]

Group 1: Federal Reserve's Rate Cut Impact - The Federal Reserve's recent rate cut is expected to benefit Chinese companies' profitability through three main channels: increased U.S. market demand, reduced domestic financing costs, and lower overseas debt costs for Chinese enterprises, particularly in high-leverage sectors like real estate and infrastructure [1] - The Fed's "preventive rate cuts" historically lead to economic stabilization and improved stock market performance, suggesting a potential for renewed global demand expansion [3] Group 2: Economic Data and Market Sentiment - China's August economic data shows a downward trend influenced by "anti-involution" factors, but there are positive signs such as a rebound in PPI and strong performance in high-value exports [4] - The shift in China's economic model from strong supply-driven growth to a combination of supply clearing and recovering overseas demand indicates a potential recovery in corporate profitability [4] Group 3: Sector-Specific Opportunities - In the construction materials sector, the rate cut is expected to favor overseas expansion, particularly in regions like Africa and Southeast Asia, where Chinese industries can leverage their advantages [6][7] - The engineering machinery sector is anticipated to see a resurgence in global demand, especially in North America and Europe, driven by infrastructure policies and a recovery in construction activities [8][9] - The pharmaceutical sector stands to gain from lower financing costs, encouraging increased R&D investment and new drug development, which could lead to more orders for contract research organizations [10] - The petrochemical sector may benefit from macroeconomic rate cuts that could stabilize prices, despite ongoing geopolitical tensions affecting supply [11] - The metals sector is likely to experience price increases for industrial metals due to expectations of continued rate cuts, with specific optimism for aluminum and copper markets [12]

Market Overview - On September 26, the stock indices of both markets experienced fluctuations and declined, with the ChiNext Index dropping over 2%, and more than 3,400 stocks in the market showing losses [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index closed down 0.65% at 3,828.11 points, the Shenzhen Component Index fell 1.76% to 13,209 points, and the ChiNext Index decreased by 2.6% to 3,151.53 points, while the Northbound 50 Index dropped nearly 2% [1] - The total trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges combined reached 21,664 billion [1] Sector Performance - Sectors such as tourism, media, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors saw declines, while sectors like chemical fiber, insurance, electricity, and oil experienced gains [1] - Military trade and wind power concepts were notably active in the market [1] Future Market Outlook - According to China Merchants Securities, there is a historical pattern of "pre-holiday contraction and post-holiday explosion" in financing before and after the National Day holiday [1] - The market typically shows a relatively calm trend before the holiday, but risk appetite improves significantly afterward [1] - Following the Federal Reserve's interest rate cut in September, historical data suggests a higher probability of A/H shares rising in the future [1] - The current market is still in the second phase of a bull market, with three main driving factors for the recent rise in A-shares remaining unchanged, indicating potential for continued growth along low penetration rate tracks until a significant policy shift occurs [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's decision to lower the federal funds rate by 25 basis points to 4.00%-4.25% marks the beginning of a global easing cycle in 2025, which has significant implications for various asset classes [1]. Impact on U.S. Stock Market - The U.S. stock market experienced a "buy the rumor, sell the news" effect, with all three major indices closing lower after an initial spike [3][4]. - The S&P 500 index had already risen by 2% in the ten trading days leading up to the meeting, indicating that the market had priced in the rate cut [4]. - The Fed's rate cut is seen as a "risk management adjustment" aimed at addressing a weak labor market and potential economic downturn, historically leading to an upward shift in equity valuations [4]. Impact on Hong Kong Stock Market - The Hong Kong stock market showed a "rise then fall" pattern post-rate cut, with the Hang Seng Index dropping by 1.13% and the Hang Seng Tech Index falling by 2.42% [5]. - Despite the decline, there was a net inflow of over 5 billion HKD from southbound funds, indicating demand for undervalued assets [5]. - The Hong Kong Monetary Authority also lowered rates to 4.5%, easing liquidity pressure and historically correlating with increased foreign capital inflow during Fed easing cycles [5]. Impact on Gold Market - Gold prices exhibited volatility, initially spiking to 3,744 USD/oz before retreating to around 3,670 USD/oz, with domestic gold prices adjusting to approximately 460 CNY/g [5]. - The long-term outlook for gold remains positive as the Fed's easing cycle typically leads to a downtrend in real interest rates, enhancing gold's appeal as a hedge [7][8]. - Short-term fluctuations in gold prices may be influenced by a rebound in the dollar index and geopolitical stability [8]. Summary of Market Sentiment - The overall sentiment in the market is cautiously optimistic, with a focus on the potential for recovery in tech and consumer sectors in the U.S. and Hong Kong, while gold remains a strategic asset amid weakening dollar credibility [8].

Group 1: Commodity Market Overview - The commodity market is experiencing a range-bound fluctuation in Q3 2025, with prices significantly higher than in Q2. Precious metals, particularly gold, have performed exceptionally well, reaching historical highs, while basic metals like copper remain strong. The energy sector, however, is underperforming due to oversupply [1] - Looking ahead to Q4, the absence of recession signs in the US economy and the Federal Reserve's risk management-style interest rate cuts are expected to positively impact commodity price rebounds. Expansionary fiscal policies in the US and Europe are likely to boost overall demand [1] Group 2: Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Decisions - On September 18, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 4.00% to 4.25%. This move is characterized as a risk management-style cut, essentially a preventive measure against potential economic downturns [2] - Despite some signs of economic weakening, the US economy has not entered a recession, with retail sales data showing a 0.6% month-on-month increase in August, marking three consecutive months of growth [2] - The Fed's recent statements indicate a more pessimistic view on the labor market, acknowledging a slowdown in job growth and a slight increase in the unemployment rate, while also raising inflation expectations for 2026 [2][5] Group 3: Historical Context of Interest Rate Cuts - Since 1982, the Federal Reserve has undergone seven major interest rate cut cycles, categorized into preventive and recessionary cuts. Typically, preventive cuts benefit precious metals and US equities, while recessionary cuts tend to negatively impact equities but favor gold prices [3] - The price movements of copper and crude oil are significantly influenced by the state of the real economy and demand for these commodities [3] Group 4: Domestic Economic Indicators - Recent macroeconomic data from China indicates a dual weakness in supply and demand, with industrial value-added growth slowing to 5.2% year-on-year in August. Exports also saw a decline, with a -0.4% year-on-year change, marking the first negative growth of the year [7] - Despite the slowdown in traditional industries, high-tech sectors continue to show resilience, with a 9.3% year-on-year growth in high-tech industrial value-added [7] Group 5: Policy Measures and Market Outlook - The frequency of new policy measures in China is increasing, focusing on market reforms, expanding service consumption, and local government debt management. These measures are expected to support growth in Q4 [8] - A potential global shift towards a new phase of monetary easing and fiscal stimulus could benefit commodity prices, although oil and agricultural products may underperform due to supply expansions and tariff impacts [8]

Economic Indicators - In September, the US manufacturing PMI fell to 52, while the services PMI dropped to 53.9, indicating a slight slowdown in economic expansion [2] - The composite PMI also decreased to 53.6, marking the lowest level since June 2025, with new orders and employment indices declining [2] - Despite the slowdown, consumer spending remains resilient, and the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts may help prevent a recession [3] Regulatory Developments - The State Administration for Market Regulation in China has released a draft for public consultation on the basic requirements for food delivery platforms, focusing on service management and fee transparency [4] - The draft aims to regulate platform fees and promotional behaviors to prevent unfair competition and ensure food safety [4][5] Energy Consumption - In August, China's total electricity consumption reached 10,154 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 5.0%, with the manufacturing sector showing the highest growth at 5.5% [6] - The electricity demand growth reflects a robust economic recovery, although supply challenges remain due to mismatches in demand and supply timing [7] Computing Industry Initiatives - Hubei Province plans to develop a computing industry cluster, aiming for a total computing power of 25 EFLOPS by 2027, with a focus on integrating computing with optical communication and chip industries [8] - The measures encourage the development of a diverse computing infrastructure and aim to avoid homogeneous competition among cities [9] Labor Market Concerns - A survey indicates that 24% of young employees in the US and Europe are very concerned about potential job loss due to AI, compared to only 10% of older workers [10] - The rise of AI technology presents both challenges and opportunities for young workers, who may leverage AI to enhance their skills and productivity [11] Agricultural Sector Trends - The price of live pigs has dropped significantly, with a 10.4% decrease from early September and a 24.4% decline from the peak in February, reflecting an oversupply in the market [12] - Despite short-term measures to control production, the long-term outlook for the pig farming industry suggests a need for reduced production capacity to balance supply and demand [13] Stock Market Performance - On September 24, the stock market saw a broad increase, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 0.83% and the ChiNext Index reaching a three-year high [14] - The semiconductor sector continued to perform strongly, driven by developments in AI and chip demand, while consumer sectors like tourism showed weakness [15]

9月以来，受供应过剩以及中东地缘风险等因素的影响，原油市场整体呈现区间震荡走势。展望四季 度，OPEC+持续增产，美国原油产量也稳定在高位，叠加需求进入季节性淡季，原油价格的运行重心 趋于下移。与此同时，地缘政治因素导致的供应风险或进一步放大油价的波动率。 美联储货币政策重回降息周期 北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储宣布降息25个基点，将联邦基金利率目标区间下调至4.00%~4.25%区 间。此为年内美联储首次降息，与市场预期相符。美联储主席鲍威尔在随后的新闻发布会上表示，采取 降息举措是恰当的，此次降息可视为一种风险管理式降息，美联储没有必要快速调整利率。鲍威尔认为 关税政策的负面影响正逐渐显现，劳动力需求趋于放缓，并且就业下行风险已超过通胀上升的风险，需 要进行预防式降息。 利率点阵图显示，2025年、2026年和2027年的联邦基金利率预期中值分别为3.6%、3.4%和3.1%，显示 年内美联储还会有2次降息，且明、后年分别有1次降息。需要注意的是，鉴于美联储缩表进程仍在持续 推进，美债净发行将从金融市场回收资金，进而给银行体系的流动性造成压力。 在此背景下，全球经济仍面临下行压力，未来，如果美国就业市场 ...

美联储降息25BP，A股真正的牛市还未开始？ 图1：历史上四次"预防式降息"后均实现"软着陆" 来源：Wind、国金证券，截至：2025.9.23 别慌，真正的机会往往藏在大多数人忽视的细节里。9月17日美联储的预防式降息靴子落地(因为GDP增 长虽然没有大幅下行或者转负，但"就业的下行风险已经上升"。)，这已经是过去30年里的第五次类似 操作，而前四次降息后美国经济都实现了软着陆即GDP增速扭转下行趋势，且失业率略有下行（即GDP 增速扭转下行趋势，且失业率略有下行。）。现在，新的行情密码正在生成。 ...

来源：乌鸦校尉 大家好，我是乌鸦。 话说，在跟懂王拉扯良久之后，美联储还是降息了。 其实降息这个事呢，美国内外那也算是早有预料，悬念只在降多少。 因为前一段时间，白宫之主特朗普和美联储主席鲍威尔，为了争降息25个基点还是50个基点，打的那叫一个乌烟瘴气。 终于，靴子落地，当地时间9月17日，美联储决议降息25个基点。 看起来好像是鲍威尔"争赢了"？那老鲍要问你了： 这福气给你要不要啊？劳资都要愁死了！ 唉乍看起来是靴子已经落了地，但是啊，只落下来一只。这比干脆不落下来更难受啊…… 对于那些并不支持大幅降息的美国人来说，美联储这一来就25个点，他们还感觉出乎意料，而且你这一下就降这么多了，这次降完下次降不降？你把利率 降到什么位置是个头儿？ 那懂王和白宫呢，我说50个点，你就只给我降25个？那之后我还得给你继续上强度啊。 那特朗普和鲍威尔为这25个基点的差距争来争去，争的到底是什么呢？ 1 我们知道从懂王二度临朝以来，对美联储主席鲍威尔就不是很满意，激烈的时候甚至威胁要"越界"解雇鲍威尔，要这么说现在争论区区25个点的降息幅 度，已经算是非常平和了。 两人矛盾累积的一大触发点就是这个降息。特朗普是三番五次、日夜 ...