9月以来，受供应过剩以及中东地缘风险等因素的影响，原油市场整体呈现区间震荡走势。展望四季 度，OPEC+持续增产，美国原油产量也稳定在高位，叠加需求进入季节性淡季，原油价格的运行重心 趋于下移。与此同时，地缘政治因素导致的供应风险或进一步放大油价的波动率。 美联储货币政策重回降息周期 北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储宣布降息25个基点，将联邦基金利率目标区间下调至4.00%~4.25%区 间。此为年内美联储首次降息，与市场预期相符。美联储主席鲍威尔在随后的新闻发布会上表示，采取 降息举措是恰当的，此次降息可视为一种风险管理式降息，美联储没有必要快速调整利率。鲍威尔认为 关税政策的负面影响正逐渐显现，劳动力需求趋于放缓，并且就业下行风险已超过通胀上升的风险，需 要进行预防式降息。 利率点阵图显示，2025年、2026年和2027年的联邦基金利率预期中值分别为3.6%、3.4%和3.1%，显示 年内美联储还会有2次降息，且明、后年分别有1次降息。需要注意的是，鉴于美联储缩表进程仍在持续 推进，美债净发行将从金融市场回收资金，进而给银行体系的流动性造成压力。 在此背景下，全球经济仍面临下行压力，未来，如果美国就业市场 ...

来源：乌鸦校尉 大家好，我是乌鸦。 话说，在跟懂王拉扯良久之后，美联储还是降息了。 其实降息这个事呢，美国内外那也算是早有预料，悬念只在降多少。 因为前一段时间，白宫之主特朗普和美联储主席鲍威尔，为了争降息25个基点还是50个基点，打的那叫一个乌烟瘴气。 终于，靴子落地，当地时间9月17日，美联储决议降息25个基点。 看起来好像是鲍威尔"争赢了"？那老鲍要问你了： 这福气给你要不要啊？劳资都要愁死了！ 唉乍看起来是靴子已经落了地，但是啊，只落下来一只。这比干脆不落下来更难受啊…… 对于那些并不支持大幅降息的美国人来说，美联储这一来就25个点，他们还感觉出乎意料，而且你这一下就降这么多了，这次降完下次降不降？你把利率 降到什么位置是个头儿？ 那懂王和白宫呢，我说50个点，你就只给我降25个？那之后我还得给你继续上强度啊。 那特朗普和鲍威尔为这25个基点的差距争来争去，争的到底是什么呢？ 1 我们知道从懂王二度临朝以来，对美联储主席鲍威尔就不是很满意，激烈的时候甚至威胁要"越界"解雇鲍威尔，要这么说现在争论区区25个点的降息幅 度，已经算是非常平和了。 两人矛盾累积的一大触发点就是这个降息。特朗普是三番五次、日夜 ...

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve announced a 25 basis point cut in the federal funds rate target range to 4.00% to 4.25%, marking the first rate cut of 2025 and following three cuts in 2024 [2][3] - The nature of the rate cut is categorized as a preventive cut, aimed at preemptively addressing potential economic risks rather than responding to a severe economic downturn [3][8] - Historical analysis shows that preventive rate cuts generally have a positive impact on the U.S. stock market, reducing corporate financing costs and potentially stimulating mergers and acquisitions [4][5] Group 2 - The current economic environment is characterized by "stagflation," with a GDP growth rate of 2.4% in Q4 2024, indicating a gradual slowdown but not a clear recession [8][9] - The inflation rate remains relatively high, with core PCE and CPI growth rates at 2.86% and 3.2% respectively, complicating the effectiveness of the current rate cut [8][10] - The first phase of the current rate cut cycle has not met expectations, with the stock market showing weak performance despite multiple rate cuts [9][10] Group 3 - There has been a significant outflow of funds from the U.S. stock market, with approximately $259 billion exiting in the first half of the year, primarily moving to safer assets like bonds and money markets [13][15] - Non-U.S. markets, particularly in China and Europe, have seen increased foreign investment, with China experiencing a net increase of $10.1 billion in foreign holdings of stocks and funds in the first half of 2025 [14][15] - The trend of capital outflow from U.S. equities is viewed as a rebalancing of asset allocation rather than a mass exodus, reflecting investor caution regarding the U.S. economy and high valuations [15][16] Group 4 - The potential impact of the Fed's second phase of rate cuts on global markets will depend on whether the Fed adopts a moderate preventive approach or a more aggressive easing strategy [17][18] - If the Fed continues with a moderate approach, U.S. stock market funds are likely to remain within the domestic financial system, while some capital may seek opportunities in global markets [17][18] - An aggressive easing strategy could lead to a temporary boost in global markets due to increased liquidity, but risks of a sharp capital outflow could arise if inflation pressures force the Fed to tighten policy [18][19]

连平、刘涛（连平系广开首席产业研究院院长兼首席经济学家、中国首席经济学家论坛理事长） 当前，市场对于9月美联储降息预期强烈。CME"美联储观察"最新预测数据显示，美联储9月降息25个 基点的概率为92%，降息50个基点的概率为8%。9月16-17日，美联储议息会议召开在即，一旦宣布重启 降息，对美国股市将是利是弊？美股会迎来大幅提振吗？还是会加快推动资金流向中国、欧洲等全球其 他股市？这些问题引起了市场的广泛关注。 不同类型的降息对美股影响各不相同 首先需要讨论和厘清的是，美联储即将启动的降息属何种性质。一般来说，美联储降息可分为预防式降 息和纾困式降息两类。预防式降息是指在经济出现局部放缓迹象时，央行为预防潜在的经济金融风险爆 发而前瞻实施的相对温和的降息举措，在一定程度上起到未雨绸缪的作用。纾困式降息则是指在经济已 处于严重的衰退状态，或遭遇到突如其来的重大冲击时，央行采取连续、大幅的降息动作，以缓解经济 困境。如2020年为应对疫情采取的大幅降息的"量化宽松"政策。上世纪90年代以来，美联储经历了6轮 比较明显的降息周期，包括2轮预防式降息和3轮纾困式降息，以及1轮由预防式降息和纾困式降息叠加 的混合式 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts significantly impact the performance of equity, debt, and currency assets, while the relationship with commodity prices is less clear [1][2] Equity Market - Equity assets have a higher success rate during preemptive rate cuts, while they are likely to decline during crisis-driven cuts [1][2] - The success rate of equities improves one month after a preemptive rate cut, and the performance during crisis-driven cuts is closely related to the recovery of fundamentals [2] Debt Market - U.S. Treasury yields are more likely to decline during crisis-driven rate cuts, while the trend during preemptive cuts is uncertain [1][2] - After rate cuts, U.S. Treasury yields typically decrease, while the trend for Chinese bonds is generally downward, with no clear pattern for German and Japanese bonds [2] Currency Market - The strength of the U.S. dollar is inconsistent in the early stages of rate cuts, but after 2-3 months, the dollar tends to depreciate under recessionary cuts and appreciate under preemptive cuts, with the Chinese yuan showing relative independence [1][2] - The average appreciation of the euro and yen is noted during these periods [2] Commodity Market - The relationship between commodity prices and interest rate cuts is weak, with gold showing a higher average increase during crisis-driven cuts and greater elasticity in price increases [1][2] - Oil prices are less correlated with rate cuts and are more influenced by supply and demand dynamics [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the impact of Federal Reserve interest rate cuts on various asset classes, highlighting the differences between "relief" and "preventive" rate cuts [1][2] Group 1: Stock Market - Equity assets tend to perform better during preventive rate cuts, while they are likely to decline during relief rate cuts [1][2] - The winning rate of equities increases one month after preventive rate cuts, with performance during relief cuts being closely tied to fundamental recovery [2] Group 2: Bond Market - U.S. Treasury yields are more likely to decline during relief rate cuts, while their behavior during preventive cuts is uncertain [1][2] - After rate cuts, U.S. Treasury yields typically decrease, and domestic bond yields also tend to drop in the short term, with no clear pattern observed in German or Japanese bonds [2] Group 3: Currency Market - The dollar's performance is mixed in the early stages of rate cuts, but tends to depreciate two to three months after relief cuts, while it may appreciate during preventive cuts [1][2] - The Chinese yuan shows relative independence in its movements compared to the dollar, while the euro and yen generally appreciate [2] Group 4: Commodity Market - Gold tends to have a higher average increase during preventive rate cuts, and its price elasticity is greater during relief rate cuts [1][2] - The relationship between oil prices and interest rate cuts is weak, as oil prices are more influenced by supply and demand dynamics [1][2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the shift in the Federal Reserve's stance from hawkish to dovish, indicating a potential resumption of interest rate cuts due to weakening economic data and external pressures, with expectations for a possible rate cut as early as September 2024 [3][4]. Summary by Sections Federal Reserve's Current Stance - The Federal Reserve has paused its interest rate cuts after a series of reductions in late 2024, with the federal funds rate remaining in the 4.25%-4.5% range, reflecting a dilemma between preventing economic recession and controlling inflation [3][4]. - Recent changes in the economic environment have led to increased signals of a dovish shift within the Federal Reserve, with market predictions suggesting a potential rate cut in September [3][4]. Economic Indicators and Influences - Economic data shows signs of weakening, with the manufacturing PMI dropping from 52.9 in June to 49.8 in July, and non-farm payrolls in July only adding 73,000 jobs, significantly below expectations [7][8]. - Tariff impacts on inflation have been relatively mild, with 64% of tariff costs absorbed by U.S. companies, leading to a manageable inflation environment, as indicated by the PCE price index showing a year-on-year increase of 2.6% in June [9]. Political and Internal Pressures - Former President Trump has exerted pressure on the Federal Reserve to lower rates, arguing that lower rates would benefit the economy and his political standing ahead of the 2026 midterm elections [10]. - The internal dynamics of the Federal Reserve have shifted, with an increase in dovish voices among its members, influenced by both external political pressures and changing economic conditions [10][11]. Future Rate Cut Expectations - The upcoming rate cuts are expected to be preventive rather than reactive, with a high probability (91.5%) of a 25 basis point cut in September, reflecting a cautious approach to monetary policy [12][19]. - The anticipated rate cuts may occur 2-3 times within the year, totaling 50-75 basis points, as the Federal Reserve aims to maintain flexibility in response to evolving economic conditions [20]. Global and Chinese Market Implications - The resumption of rate cuts by the Federal Reserve is likely to have a positive impact on global and Chinese financial markets, with expectations of a weaker dollar and potential capital inflows into emerging markets [21][22]. - China's monetary policy may gain new room for easing, with potential for further rate cuts and a favorable environment for the renminbi to appreciate against the dollar [25][26].

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is signaling a shift from a hawkish to a dovish stance, with expectations of potential interest rate cuts starting as early as September 2024 [1][2][20] - The Fed's decision-making is influenced by various factors, including economic data indicating a cooling economy, inflation expectations, and external political pressures [4][6][21] - The internal dynamics of the Federal Reserve are changing, with an increasing number of officials supporting a dovish approach, reflecting a shift in the balance of power within the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) [3][6][7] Group 2 - Recent economic indicators show that high interest rates are negatively impacting consumer spending, employment, and investment, suggesting a potential economic downturn [4][5] - The impact of tariffs on inflation is relatively mild, with a significant portion of tariff costs absorbed by U.S. businesses rather than consumers, indicating that inflation risks remain manageable [5][20] - The Fed's potential interest rate cuts are seen as preventive measures rather than reactive responses to a crisis, with expectations of a gradual approach to lowering rates [11][15][18] Group 3 - The anticipated interest rate cuts by the Fed are expected to have a positive impact on global financial markets, although the extent of this impact may vary depending on other geopolitical and economic factors [20][21] - For China, the Fed's actions could provide new opportunities for monetary easing, potentially leading to a recovery in the renminbi and increased foreign investment in Chinese assets [21][22]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve has shifted from a hawkish to a dovish stance, with expectations of potential interest rate cuts as early as September 2024 due to changing economic conditions [2][3][6] - Economic indicators show signs of weakening, with the manufacturing PMI dropping from 52.9 in June to 49.8 in July, and non-farm payrolls adding only 73,000 jobs in July, significantly below expectations [6][7] - The influence of tariffs on inflation has been relatively mild, with 64% of tariff costs absorbed by U.S. companies, and inflation levels remaining within a manageable range for the Fed [7][8] Group 2 - Internal pressures from former President Trump have increased, advocating for lower interest rates to stimulate the economy and improve market conditions ahead of the 2026 midterm elections [8][9] - The balance of power within the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has shifted towards dovish members, influenced by both external pressures and internal economic assessments [8][9] - Despite the shift towards dovishness, uncertainties remain regarding the voting behavior of FOMC members in the upcoming meetings, with some members still holding a hawkish view [9][10] Group 3 - The second phase of interest rate cuts is expected to be preventive in nature, with a potential initial cut of 25 basis points, reflecting a cautious approach to monetary policy [10][17] - The Fed may implement 2-3 rate cuts within the year, totaling 50-75 basis points, as part of a preventive strategy rather than a response to a severe economic downturn [20][21] - The anticipated rate cuts could provide new monetary policy space for China, potentially leading to a reduction in reserve requirements and interest rates domestically [22][23] Group 4 - The resumption of rate cuts by the Fed is likely to have a positive impact on global financial markets, with expectations of capital flows returning to emerging markets, including China [21][22] - The Chinese yuan may experience upward pressure against the dollar, supported by the Fed's dovish stance and easing trade tensions [22][23] - Increased interest in Chinese assets is expected as global investors seek better returns, potentially leading to a reallocation of capital towards undervalued and high-growth potential assets in China [23]