Group 1 - The article discusses the U.S. government's imposition of a 25% tariff on certain high-end AI chips, including the NVIDIA H200 model, aimed at increasing profits from sales to China [1][3] - The U.S. has seen a significant increase in tariff revenue, reaching $264 billion in the fiscal year 2025, which is $185 billion more than the previous year, indicating a substantial rise in government income from tariffs [1] - The U.S. Treasury data shows that China has reduced its holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds for nine consecutive months, dropping from the largest holder to the third position, with a reduction of $6.1 billion in November, bringing its total holdings to $682.6 billion [1] Group 2 - The U.S. government, under the Trump administration, is actively seeking to reduce reliance on Chinese rare earth resources, with the G7 countries agreeing to accelerate the reduction of imports from China [1][3] - Denmark has issued a final ultimatum prohibiting Chinese investments in Greenland, highlighting the geopolitical tensions and the U.S. influence in the region, despite Greenland's need for foreign investment [3][5] - The strategic interest in Greenland is not only due to its geographical location but also its significant rare earth resources, which are crucial for global supply chains [5][6]

Report Industry Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific industry investment rating [164][165] Core Viewpoints of the Report - The impact of commercial housing acquisition on the bond market may be limited. The acquisition mode may generate more financing needs, but the net impact on the bank - system liquidity should be less than that of government bond financing for new investments [2] - The US Treasury market downplays the impact of the tariff ruling. After the suspension of the tariff ruling by the US Supreme Court, the market may have reached a consensus on its impact. Regarding the new Fed Chair candidate, if Trump chooses Hassett, it may cause short - term market shocks and is difficult to achieve a super - large - scale interest rate cut without fundamental support [2] - The US employment market continued to cool in December last year, with only a slight year - on - year increase in non - farm employment, but stable non - farm salary growth, basically in line with the "soft landing" scenario. It is expected that the US government and the Fed may reach a compromise, with a possible final interest rate cut to the lower limit of the neutral interest rate predicted by the December interest rate dot - plot (2.5 - 2.75%), leaving room for 4 times of 25BP interest rate cuts from the current level. Under the baseline scenario, it is expected to cut interest rates 2 - 3 times in 2026 and 1 - 2 times in 2027 [2] - The producer price index continued to rise. In the week of January 10, 2026, the average wholesale price of pork by the Ministry of Agriculture increased by 1.45% week - on - week and decreased by 21.17% year - on - year; the average wholesale price of 28 key - monitored vegetables decreased by 0.89% week - on - week and increased by 8.55% year - on - year. In the week of January 2, the price index of edible agricultural products decreased by 0.10% week - on - week and decreased by 1.90% year - on - year. The domestic cement price index decreased by 0.62% week - on - week; the average of the Nanhua Iron Ore Index increased by 2.40% week - on - week; the operating rate of coking enterprises with a production capacity of over 2 million tons increased by 0.96% week - on - week; the inventory index of rebar increased by 2.66% week - on - week, and the price index of rebar increased by 0.63% week - on - week. In the week of January 2, the producer price index increased by 0.30% week - on - week and decreased by 0.18% year - on - year [2] Summary by Directory High - Frequency Data Panoramic Scan - It shows the comparison of high - frequency data and important macro - indicators, including the relationship between US ADP and official non - farm employment, US non - farm weekly wages and core CPI, etc. It also presents the week - on - week changes of high - frequency data and the panoramic scan of high - frequency data with the latest values and historical values of various indicators [11][15][16] Comparison of High - Frequency Data and Important Macro - Indicator Trends - It includes multiple charts showing the relationships between high - frequency data and important macro - indicators, such as the relationship between the year - on - year change of copper spot price and the year - on - year change of industrial added value (+ year - on - year change of PPI), the year - on - year change of daily crude steel output and the year - on - year change of industrial added value, etc. [26][30][33] Important High - Frequency Indicators in the US, Europe, and Japan - It presents charts about important high - frequency indicators in the US, Europe, and Japan, such as US weekly economic indicators and actual economic growth rate, US initial jobless claims and unemployment rate, etc. [87][91][95] Seasonal Trends of High - Frequency Data - It shows the seasonal trends of high - frequency data through charts, including the seasonal trends of the transaction area of commercial housing in 30 large and medium - sized cities, the spot settlement price of LME copper, etc. [99][100][107] High - Frequency Traffic Data in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen - It provides charts showing the year - on - year changes of subway passenger volume in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen [156][157]

Core Viewpoint - The current financial market is characterized by a paradox where low VIX levels suggest calmness, while rising gold prices indicate underlying systemic risks [1][3][12]. Group 1: VIX Index and Market Dynamics - The VIX index has dropped to 13.6, a five-year low, indicating a seemingly stable market and high investor confidence [3][5]. - However, this low VIX does not reflect a lack of risk; rather, it suggests that risks are being artificially suppressed by institutions engaging in strategies like shorting volatility and high-frequency trading [7][9]. - The market's apparent calmness is fragile, as historical precedents show that low VIX levels can quickly lead to significant volatility spikes [9][11]. Group 2: Gold Prices and Systemic Risks - Gold prices have surged to over $4,500, reflecting skepticism towards the VIX and signaling growing systemic risks in the financial system [12][14]. - Key indicators, such as the rising interest payments on U.S. debt and the expansion of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, suggest that systemic risks are accumulating [14][16]. - The demand for gold, including ETFs and physical gold, has increased among central banks and investors, indicating a shift towards tangible assets as a hedge against financial instability [18][20]. Group 3: Future Outlook and Market Sentiment - The outlook for 2026 suggests a facade of geopolitical stability, but real risks lie within the financial system, including potential AI bubble bursts and unsustainable debt levels [22][24]. - The divergence between the narratives of a tech-driven market and the reality of unsustainable debt is becoming more pronounced, with investors increasingly favoring the latter perspective [20][24]. - The current market conditions may not lead to an immediate crisis, but they are likely to prompt a reevaluation of risks and investment strategies as the underlying vulnerabilities become more apparent [26].

Core Viewpoint - Trump's recent national address marks a significant shift in his speaking style, moving from a spontaneous and passionate approach to a more serious and scripted delivery, reflecting the pressures his administration is currently facing [1][3]. Group 1: Speech Style and Context - On December 17, Trump's 18-minute address was broadcasted live by major TV networks, contrasting sharply with his usual informal style, as he read from a script with a serious demeanor [3]. - The change in style is attributed to the high stakes of the address, typically reserved for major policy announcements or national crises, amid significant governance challenges [4]. Group 2: Economic Challenges - Recent polls indicate that only 33% of American adults support Trump's economic policies, marking the lowest approval rating since his second term began, with a notable 8% drop among his core supporters since April [4]. - The unemployment rate rose to 4.6% in November, the highest since October 2021, with 7.83 million unemployed, highlighting the economic difficulties faced by the administration [4]. Group 3: Speech Content and Controversies - Trump attributed the current economic struggles to the previous Biden administration, claiming he inherited a "mess" and is working to fix it, despite being in office for nearly a year [6]. - He attempted to reassure the public about economic recovery, claiming "inflation has stopped" and promising significant improvements by 2026, although these statements were met with skepticism and fact-checking [8]. - The introduction of the "warrior bonus" plan, which proposes $1,776 payments to 1.45 million military personnel funded by tariffs, has raised concerns about the legality of the tariffs being challenged in court [9]. Group 4: Policy Focus - The speech largely avoided foreign policy issues, focusing instead on domestic economic concerns, including a brief mention of ending eight wars since taking office [11]. - Trump's push for a new Federal Reserve chair to lower interest rates aligns with his desire for a more accommodative monetary policy to stimulate the economy [13]. - The administration's approach to the national debt leans towards increased spending and revenue generation through tariffs, contrasting with traditional views advocating for debt reduction [15].

Group 1 - The core point of the article is that the U.S. GDP growth rate for Q3 is 4.3%, driven by increased consumer spending, exports, and government spending, marking the highest growth rate in two years [1][3] - Consumer spending, which accounts for about 70% of the U.S. economy, grew by 3.5% in Q3, supported by both goods and services, particularly in healthcare, international travel, and pharmaceuticals [4][5] - Exports saw a significant rebound of 8.8%, while imports decreased by 4.7%, contributing to the overall economic growth [4][5] Group 2 - The article discusses the feasibility of Elon Musk's prediction of double-digit GDP growth, highlighting three core issues: the potential growth rate ceiling, the structural challenges in growth drivers, and the global economic context [7][8] - The current economic environment shows that U.S. corporate investment remains weak, and for double-digit growth to be realized, AI investment must expand beyond a single sector to drive broader economic growth [7][8] - The global economic growth rate is only 3.2%, which may not support sustained high U.S. exports, and risks such as government shutdowns could further hinder growth [8][10] Group 3 - AI is recognized as a significant driver of economic growth, with predictions that it could contribute to a 12-13% increase in global GDP by 2040, contingent on supportive policies [15][18] - In the U.S., AI-related credit is expected to exceed $200 billion by 2025, contributing over 20% to GDP growth, indicating its critical role in the economy [15][18] - However, the limitations of AI are noted, as its contribution to GDP growth is projected to be less than 1% in the near term, suggesting it cannot solely drive the global economic recovery [15][18]

Report Industry Investment Ratings - Macro-finance: Bullish on stock indices in the medium to long term, with a strategy of buying on dips; expect government bonds to trade in a range [1][5] - Black building materials: Short-term trading for coking coal; range trading for rebar; sell on rallies for glass [1][8][9] - Non-ferrous metals: Reduce positions on rallies for copper and replenish on low-level stabilization; strengthen observation for aluminum; observe or sell on rallies for nickel; range trading for tin, gold; hold long positions for silver and be cautious about new positions; expect lithium carbonate to trade with a strong bias [1][11][12][18][19] - Energy and chemicals: Range trading for PVC, styrene, rubber, urea, methanol; expect polyolefins to trade with a weak bias; temporarily observe caustic soda and soda ash [1][21][22][23][25][26][28] - Cotton textile industry chain: Bullish with a bias for cotton and cotton yarn; expect PTA to rise in a range; bearish with a bias for apples and jujubes [1][30][31][32] - Agricultural and livestock products: Short-term short-selling on rallies for near-term contracts of live pigs and cautious bullishness for far-term contracts; expect eggs to trade in a range; be cautious about chasing highs in the short term for corn and hedge on rallies for grain holders; range trading for soybean meal, with a bullish bias for near-term contracts and a bearish bias for far-term contracts; be cautious about short-selling for oils and fats [1][34][35][36][37] Core Views - The report provides trading strategies for various futures products in different industries, considering factors such as supply and demand, macroeconomic conditions, and policy impacts. It emphasizes the importance of risk management and the need for investors to make decisions based on their own investment goals and risk tolerance [1][5][8][9][11][12][18][19][21][22][23][25][26][28][30][31][32][34][35][36][37] Summary by Industry Macro-finance - Stock indices are expected to trade in a range in the short term but are bullish in the medium to long term, with a strategy of buying on dips, as US inflation has slowed more than expected [5] - Government bonds are expected to trade in a range, with short - term rates potentially stabilizing if long - term yields do not reach new highs and funding rates remain stable [5] Black building materials - Coking coal market is in a tug - of - war between strong bearish factors and weak bullish factors, with short - term trading recommended [8] - Rebar is expected to trade in a range, with low valuation and weak driving forces, and a weak downward trend [9] - Glass is expected to trade weakly, with a strategy of selling on rallies due to high inventory, weak demand, and potential supply increases [9][10] Non-ferrous metals - Copper is expected to trade in a high - level range, with a strategy of reducing positions on rallies and replenishing on low - level stabilization, due to short - term overheating and potential technical adjustments [11] - Aluminum is expected to rebound, but investors are advised to strengthen observation due to factors such as changes in ore prices, production capacity, and demand [12] - Nickel is expected to trade in a range, with a strategy of observing or selling on rallies, as the medium - to - long - term supply is expected to be in surplus [16] - Tin is expected to trade in a range, with a strategy of range trading, considering factors such as supply tightness and potential demand recovery [17][18] - Silver and gold are expected to trade in a range, with a strategy of holding long positions for silver and range trading for gold, as the medium - term price centers are expected to rise [18] - Lithium carbonate is expected to trade with a strong bias, with attention paid to supply disruptions and demand trends [19] Energy and chemicals - PVC is expected to trade in a low - level range, with weak fundamentals but potential support from low valuation and policy or cost changes [19][21] - Caustic soda is expected to trade in a low - level range, with investors advised to temporarily observe due to high inventory and potential impacts from alumina production [21] - Styrene is expected to trade in a range, with a focus on changes in pure benzene prices and crude oil pricing [22][23] - Rubber is expected to trade in a wide - range, with support from supply disruptions but limited upside due to high inventory and weak demand [23][24] - Urea is expected to trade in a range, with a relatively stable supply - demand pattern [24][25] - Methanol is expected to trade in a range, with supply recovery, high - level but slightly declining downstream demand, and inventory reduction [26] - Polyolefins are expected to trade with a weak bias, with a supply - strong and demand - weak situation [26][27] - Soda ash investors are advised to temporarily observe, as the supply - demand contradiction may be alleviated after supply contraction and there is cost support [28] Cotton textile industry chain - Cotton and cotton yarn are expected to trade with a strong bias, as recent domestic cotton sales are fast and yarn prices are firm [30] - PTA is expected to rise in a range, driven by rising crude oil prices and supply - demand inventory reduction [30][31] - Apples and jujubes are expected to trade with a weak bias, with slow inventory sales [31][32] Agricultural and livestock products - Live pigs are expected to form a bottom in a range, with short - term supply pressure and long - term potential for price recovery after capacity reduction [32][34] - Eggs are expected to trade in a range, with short - term stability, medium - term improvement in supply - demand balance, and long - term supply pressure [34][35][36] - Corn is expected to trade with a weak bias, with short - term selling pressure and long - term support from demand recovery but limited upside [36] - Soybean meal is expected to trade in a range, with a bullish bias for near - term contracts and a bearish bias for far - term contracts [37] - Oils and fats are expected to have intensified corrections, and investors are advised to be cautious about short - selling [37][38][39][40][41][42]

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - Gold: Inflation is moderately declining [1][2]. - Silver: Undergoing high - level adjustment [1][2]. - Copper: With decreasing internal and external inventories, prices are supported [1][2]. - Zinc: Trading in a sideways range [1][2]. - Lead: Decreasing inventories support prices [1][2]. - Tin: Supply is facing new disruptions [1][2]. - Aluminum: Trading in a range [1][2]. - Alumina: Slightly declining [1][2]. - Cast aluminum alloy: Following the trend of electrolytic aluminum [1][2]. - Platinum: With continuous inflows into ETFs, prices are oscillating upwards [1][2]. - Palladium: Successfully breaking through previous highs, with strong upward momentum [1][2]. - Nickel: The structural surplus is shifting, and attention should be paid to Indonesian policy risks [1][2]. - Stainless steel: Supply and demand are both weak, and steel prices are oscillating at low levels [1][2]. 3. Summaries by Related Catalogs Gold and Silver - **Price and Trading Volume**: - For gold, the closing price of Shanghai Gold 2602 was 980.50 with a daily increase of 0.08%, and the night - session closing price was 980.20 with a 0.02% increase [4]. - For silver, the closing price of Shanghai Silver 2602 was 15521 with a daily increase of 0.06%, and the night - session closing price was 15228.00 with a - 1.42% decrease [4]. - Trading volumes of Shanghai Gold 2602 and Shanghai Silver 2602 decreased compared to the previous day [4]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Gold ETF holdings remained unchanged, and silver ETF holdings (the day before yesterday) also remained unchanged [4]. - Gold and silver inventories showed different changes, with Shanghai gold inventory decreasing by 6 kg and Comex silver inventory decreasing by 895,355 ounces [4]. - Spreads of gold and silver contracts also showed various changes [4]. - **Macro and Industry News**: US inflation slowed more than expected, and the European Central Bank and the Bank of England had different policy stances [5][9]. Copper - **Price and Trading Volume**: - The closing price of the Shanghai copper main contract was 92,600 with a - 0.24% daily decrease, and the night - session closing price was 92870 with a 0.29% increase [10]. - Trading volumes of Shanghai copper index decreased, while the trading volume of LME copper 3M electronic disk increased [10]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Both Shanghai copper and LME copper inventories decreased, with LME copper's注销仓单 ratio decreasing by 1.14% [10]. - Various copper spreads showed different changes, such as the Shanghai copper spot to LME cash spread decreasing by 215 [10]. - **Macro and Industry News**: US inflation slowed, and there were industry developments like Korea Zinc's investment plan and Peru's copper production increase [10][12]. Zinc - **Price and Trading Volume**: - The closing price of the Shanghai zinc main contract was 23035 with a 0.26% daily increase, and the LME zinc 3M electronic disk closing price was 3071.5 with a 1.20% increase [13]. - Trading volumes of Shanghai zinc and LME zinc decreased compared to the previous day [13]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Shanghai zinc futures inventory decreased by 1920 tons, while LME zinc inventory increased by 1700 tons [13]. - Spreads such as Shanghai 0 zinc升贴水 increased by 20, and LME CASH - 3M升贴水 decreased by 5.1 [13]. - **News**: Trump's remarks on the Fed chair and US inflation data were reported [14]. Lead - **Price and Trading Volume**: - The closing price of the Shanghai lead main contract was 16785 with a 0.27% daily increase, and the LME lead 3M electronic disk closing price was 1961 with a 0.98% increase [16]. - Trading volumes of Shanghai lead and LME lead decreased compared to the previous day [16]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Both Shanghai lead and LME lead inventories decreased, with LME lead注销仓单 also decreasing by 3450 tons [16]. - Spreads such as Shanghai 1 lead升贴水 remained unchanged, and LME CASH - 3M升贴水 increased by 0.97 [16]. - **News**: US inflation data and ECB policy were mentioned [17]. Tin - **Price and Trading Volume**: - The closing price of the Shanghai tin main contract was 334,380 with a 1.76% daily increase, and the night - session closing price was 338,950 with a 1.18% increase [19]. - The trading volume of the Shanghai tin main contract increased by 76,691 compared to the previous day [19]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Both Shanghai tin and LME tin inventories increased, with LME tin's注销仓单 ratio decreasing by 0.38% [19]. - Spreads such as SMM 1 tin ingot price increased by 9,900 [19]. - **Macro and Industry News**: Similar to other metals, news about US inflation, central bank policies, etc. were reported [20]. Aluminum, Alumina, and Cast Aluminum Alloy - **Price and Trading Volume**: - For aluminum, the closing price of the Shanghai aluminum main contract was 21955 with a 40 increase compared to the previous day, and the LME aluminum 3M closing price was 2917 with an 11 increase [24]. - For alumina, the closing price of the Shanghai alumina main contract was 2553 with a - 5 decrease [24]. - For cast aluminum alloy, the closing price of the aluminum alloy main contract was 21110 with a 65 increase [24]. - Trading volumes and positions of these metals showed different changes [24]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Aluminum inventories in different places showed different trends, and spreads such as LME aluminum cash - 3M价差 and near - month contract to consecutive - one contract spreads also changed [24]. - **News**: ECB and Bank of England policies were reported [25]. Platinum and Palladium - **Price and Trading Volume**: - Platinum futures prices showed an upward trend, with the closing price of platinum futures 2606 at 542.60 with a 2.85% increase [27]. - Palladium prices also increased, with the closing price of New York lithium main - continuous at 1778.50 with a 5.05% increase [27]. - Trading volumes and positions of platinum and palladium showed different changes [27]. - **Inventory and Spread**: - Platinum and palladium ETF holdings increased, and spreads such as PT9995 to PT2606价差 and 人民币现货包金价格 to PD2606价差 changed [27]. - **Macro and Industry News**: US inflation data, central bank policies, and other news were reported [30]. Nickel and Stainless Steel - **Price and Trading Volume**: - The closing price of the Shanghai nickel main contract was 113,940 with a 140 increase compared to the previous day, and the closing price of the stainless steel main contract was 12,420 with a 40 increase [31]. - Trading volumes of Shanghai nickel and stainless steel decreased compared to the previous day [31]. - **Industry - related Data**: - Various prices in the nickel industry chain, such as 1 imported nickel, 8 - 12% high - nickel pig iron, etc., showed different changes [31]. - In the stainless steel industry, prices of 304/2B卷 - 毛边, 304/2B卷 - 切边, etc., also changed [31]. - **Macro and Industry News**: There were news about Indonesian nickel - related policies, China's import subsidy suspension, and US tariff threats [31][33].

Core Viewpoint - Despite increased pressure on the institutional foundations supporting global markets, investors are expected to encounter a continued growth and innovation investment environment by 2026 [1] Group 1: Market Trends - The market focus in 2026 will be more on the deepening of existing AI trends rather than new themes [1] - The stability of institutional frameworks, the ability of AI-related investments to maintain growth, and the resilience of private credit structures will all influence market dynamics [1] Group 2: Economic and Political Context - Early 2025 will see political and macroeconomic shocks, including the unprecedented "triple shock" of U.S. stocks, bonds, and the dollar, highlighting market uncertainties [1] - Despite these uncertainties, a rebound in the market is anticipated in the latter part of the year due to the accelerated development of artificial intelligence [1] Group 3: Industry Dependencies - The rapid expansion of AI underscores the industry's high dependence on stable power supply, grid capacity, and global data center infrastructure [1] - The report indicates that while U.S. exceptionalism continues to dominate global markets, events like the DeepSeek impact and policy changes in April demonstrate that the U.S. leadership can be quickly challenged [1]

对 AI 的担忧仍未消退、美债抛售的深层警告 20251214 摘要 甲骨文资本开支增加引发市场担忧，投资者对其 AI 领域巨额投资回报产 生不确定性，尤其是在自由现金流占比过高的情况下，重资产投资回报 未显现，加剧市场疑虑。 AI 企业融资面临挑战，发债融资风险增加，甲骨文等公司债券信用违约 互换利差已达近年高位，表明市场对其通过发债进行大规模资本开支存 在担忧。 AI 领域公司互相绑定存在连锁风险，乐观情绪下加速增长，悲观情绪下 可能引发连锁下跌，与甲骨文绑定的部分公司股价自 10 月以来表现不 佳。 华尔街策略师 Edward Yardeni 建议低配"科技七姐妹"，认为 AI 竞 赛威胁其垄断地位；橡树资本霍华德·马克斯担忧 AI 可能导致大量失业， 加剧社会分裂。 2026 年美国经济面临 AI 预期修正和传统行业需求下行两大风险，AI 资 本开支增速或将回落，对 GDP 的贡献可能减弱，传统行业面临较大压力。 长端美债收益率持续回升，源于对美国通胀的担忧和对特朗普提名新任 美联储主席的担忧，市场担心美联储独立性受损及通胀无法下行。 特朗普提名凯文·塞特为美联储主席引发市场不安，可能破坏美联储独立 ...

Core Insights - China's foreign exchange reserves increased to $33,464 billion by the end of November 2025, marking a rise of $3 billion or 0.09% from the end of October [1] - The People's Bank of China reported a gold reserve of 7.412 million ounces at the end of November, with an increase of 30,000 ounces [1] - Analysts attribute the rise in reserves to expectations of a Federal Reserve rate cut and a slight depreciation of the US dollar, which positively impacted the valuation of non-dollar assets in China's reserves [1][2] Foreign Exchange Reserves - The increase in foreign exchange reserves is influenced by macroeconomic data and monetary policy expectations from major economies, leading to a slight decline in the US dollar index [2] - The reserves have remained above $3.3 trillion for four consecutive months, the highest level since December 2015, with a significant increase of $144 billion compared to the end of the previous year [2] - Factors contributing to this stability include a significant depreciation of the dollar, a decline in US Treasury yields, and rising global stock indices [2] Gold Reserves - China's gold reserves increased by 30,000 ounces in November, continuing a trend of 13 consecutive months of gold accumulation [4] - The price of gold rose from $4,000 per ounce at the end of October to above $4,200 in November, driven by expectations of a Federal Reserve rate cut and a depreciating dollar [4] - The current gold reserve proportion in China's international reserves is 8.0%, significantly below the global average of around 15%, indicating a need for continued accumulation of gold [5] Economic Context - The US economic data released in November showed weakness, contributing to an increased probability of a Federal Reserve rate cut to over 80% [3] - The reduction of tariffs on Chinese exports to the US by 10% is expected to stabilize China's export scale to the US [3] - China's capital market is being progressively opened to foreign investors, enhancing the attractiveness for overseas investments [3]