1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market is under pressure due to the strong stock market and rising risk appetite. At the same time, the expectation of the Fed's continued interest - rate cuts and increasing global trade uncertainties add to the uncertainty of foreign capital inflows. Overall, the bond market oscillates between stable growth and loose expectations, and short - term attention should be paid to policy signals at the end of the month [3]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Interest Rate Pricing Tracking Indicators - Price indicators: China's monthly CPI had a 0.00% month - on - month change and a - 0.40% year - on - year change; China's monthly PPI had a 0.00% month - on - month change and a - 2.90% year - on - year change [9]. - Monthly economic indicators: The social financing scale was 433.66 trillion yuan, with a month - on - month increase of 2.40 trillion yuan (+0.56%); M2 year - on - year was 8.80%, with no month - on - month change; the manufacturing PMI was 49.40%, with a month - on - month increase of 0.10% (+0.20%) [10]. - Daily economic indicators: The US dollar index was 97.23, down 0.10 (-0.10%); the offshore US dollar to RMB exchange rate was 7.1146, up 0.001 (+0.01%); SHIBOR 7 - day was 1.46, with no change (-0.27%); DR007 was 1.48, down 0.01 (-0.90%); R007 was 1.51, down 0.05 (-3.26%); the 3 - month inter - bank certificate of deposit (AAA) was 1.59, up 0.01 (+0.63%); the AA - AAA credit spread (1Y) was 0.09, up 0.00 (+0.63%) [11]. 3.2 Overview of the Treasury Bond and Treasury Bond Futures Market - The report presents figures related to the closing price trends, price change rates, capital precipitation trends, position ratios, net position ratios of the top 20, long - short position ratios of the top 20, the spread between government - owned enterprise bonds and treasury bonds, and treasury bond issuance of treasury bond futures contracts [13][16][18][22]. 3.3 Overview of the Money Market Liquidity - The report shows figures on the Shibor interest rate trends, the maturity yield trends of inter - bank certificates of deposit (AAA), the transaction statistics of inter - bank pledged repurchase, and local government bond issuance [28][36]. 3.4 Spread Overview - The report includes figures on the inter - period spread trends of treasury bond futures contracts and the term spreads of cash bonds and cross - variety spreads of futures [32][37][38]. 3.5 Two - Year Treasury Bond Futures - The report provides figures on the implied interest rate and treasury bond maturity yield of the two - year treasury bond futures main contract, the IRR and funding rate of the TS main contract, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TS main contract [44][49][52]. 3.6 Five - Year Treasury Bond Futures - The report shows figures on the implied interest rate and treasury bond maturity yield of the five - year treasury bond futures main contract, the IRR and funding rate of the TF main contract, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TF main contract [54][58]. 3.7 Ten - Year Treasury Bond Futures - The report presents figures on the implied yield and treasury bond maturity yield of the ten - year treasury bond futures main contract, the IRR and funding rate of the T main contract, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the T main contract [61][63]. 3.8 Thirty - Year Treasury Bond Futures - The report includes figures on the implied yield and treasury bond maturity yield of the thirty - year treasury bond futures main contract, the IRR and funding rate of the TL main contract, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TL main contract [68][74]. 4. Market Analysis 4.1 Macroeconomic Aspects - Policy: Since August 8, 2025, the interest income from newly issued treasury bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds will be subject to VAT. The previous bonds issued before this date will remain VAT - exempt until maturity. From August 12, 2025, the 24% tariff will be suspended for 90 days. The State Council emphasized measures to stabilize the real estate market, boost service consumption, and increase effective investment [1]. - Inflation: The CPI in August decreased by 0.4% year - on - year [1]. 4.2 Capital Aspects - Fiscal: At the end of August, M2 increased by 8.8% year - on - year, M1 rebounded to 6%, and the gap between them narrowed, indicating increased capital activity and improved corporate business vitality. In the first eight months, RMB loans increased by 13.46 trillion yuan, and the cumulative social financing increment was 26.56 trillion yuan, with a high proportion of government bond financing, reflecting weak medium - to - long - term corporate financing demand. Deposits increased by 8.6% year - on - year, and the growth rates of credit and deposits both declined slightly, indicating weakened bank asset expansion power and the economy being in a weak recovery stage [2]. - Central Bank: On September 23, 2025, the central bank conducted 276.1 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations at a fixed interest rate of 1.4% [2]. - Money Market: The main term repurchase rates for 1D, 7D, 14D, and 1M were 1.413%, 1.462%, 1.567%, and 1.551% respectively, and the repurchase rates have recently declined [2]. 4.3 Market Aspects - Closing Prices: On September 23, 2025, the closing prices of TS, TF, T, and TL were 102.35 yuan, 105.63 yuan, 107.72 yuan, and 114.32 yuan respectively, with price change rates of - 0.05%, - 0.13%, - 0.21%, and - 0.67% respectively [2]. - Net Basis: The average net basis of TS, TF, T, and TL was 0.007 yuan, - 0.030 yuan, 0.018 yuan, and - 0.140 yuan respectively [2]. 5. Strategies - Unilateral: With the decline of repurchase rates, treasury bond futures prices fluctuate [4]. - Arbitrage: Pay attention to the decline of the 2512 basis [4]. - Hedging: There is medium - term adjustment pressure, and short - side investors can use far - month contracts for appropriate hedging [4].

Economic Overview - The economy is in a critical phase of bottoming out and recovery, with some indicators showing marginal improvement, but still facing multiple challenges [1] - Consumer internal momentum is weak, with household credit affected and housing prices expected to face significant downward pressure in Q4 [1] - Key factors for financial data improvement include corporate profitability and fiscal stimulus [1] CPI Analysis - August CPI year-on-year growth decreased to -0.4%, down from 0%, with a month-on-month change remaining flat [4] - Pork prices fell by 0.5% month-on-month, while egg prices increased by 1.5%, below the seasonal average [4] - Future CPI trends will depend on pork price stability, overall food price stability, supply-demand challenges, and weak consumer internal momentum [4] PPI Insights - August PPI year-on-year growth improved to -2.9% from -3.6%, marking the highest level since May [7] - The month-on-month PPI remained flat, ending an eight-month decline, influenced by improved supply-demand relationships in some sectors [7][8] - Expectations for PPI in October suggest a narrowing decline to -2.6%, with potential recovery in Q4 [8] PMI Developments - August manufacturing PMI rose to 49.4%, indicating slight recovery in both supply and demand sides [11] - New orders and export orders showed minor increases, but overall demand recovery remains weak [11] - Production activities are expanding, with positive business expectations continuing [11] Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment growth slowed to 0.5% year-on-year, down from 1.6% [15] - Real estate investment continues to decline, with signs of improvement in new home sales [15] - Manufacturing investment is constrained by tariff disruptions and internal competition policies [15] Credit and Financial Data - New credit in August was 590 billion yuan, a significant increase from a negative value in the previous month [18] - Corporate loans showed divergence, with short-term loans increasing significantly [18] - Overall financial data reflects a pattern of government debt supply reduction and insufficient credit demand [18] M2 Growth - M2 growth remained steady at 8.8% year-on-year, with a slight decrease in the M2-M1 spread [21] - Government debt financing has been a key factor in maintaining M2 and social financing growth [21] - Future M2 growth may face challenges due to reduced government debt financing and insufficient loan demand [21]

Financing Data - In August 2025, the social financing scale increased by 25,668 billion yuan, a decrease of 4,655 billion yuan compared to the same period last year[2] - Cumulative social financing for the first eight months of 2025 reached 265,575 billion yuan, an increase of 46,567 billion yuan year-on-year, indicating strong overall performance supported by government bond issuance[2] - New bills increased by 1,973 billion yuan in August, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 1,322 billion yuan and a month-on-month increase of 3,611 billion yuan, suggesting a recovery in short-term financing demand from the real economy[2] Credit and Loan Data - New RMB loans in August amounted to 5,900 billion yuan, an increase of 6,400 billion yuan month-on-month, but a decrease of 3,100 billion yuan year-on-year[3] - Short-term loans for enterprises showed significant improvement, with a month-on-month increase of 2,600 billion yuan and a year-on-year increase of 6,200 billion yuan, indicating heightened business activity[3] - Resident short-term loans increased by 3932 billion yuan month-on-month, driven by seasonal consumption demand and supportive consumption policies[3] Monetary Supply - M2 growth rate remained stable at 8.8% in August, supported by fiscal policy and reasonable growth in social financing and loans[3] - M1 growth rate increased to 6.0% year-on-year, reflecting improved business activity and increased liquidity for enterprises[3] - The M2-M1 gap narrowed to 2.8%, indicating enhanced liquidity and operational efficiency among enterprises[3] Deposit Trends - Household deposits decreased by 600 billion yuan year-on-year in August, while deposits in non-bank financial institutions increased by 5,500 billion yuan, indicating a trend of "deposit migration" towards non-bank sectors[5] - The trend of deposit migration is expected to continue due to declining deposit interest rates and attractive returns in the capital market, with A-share new account openings reaching 2.65 million in August, a 35% month-on-month increase[5][17]

Core Viewpoint - The most significant change in the August financial data is the acceleration of "deposit migration," with household deposits declining for two consecutive months beyond seasonal trends, while non-bank deposits have seen a substantial increase [2][8][53]. Group 1: Deposit Trends - In August, household deposits decreased by 6000 million year-on-year, with a net increase of only 1100 million, marking two consecutive months of negative growth compared to seasonal averages, a first for 2025 [2][5][8]. - Non-bank deposits reached a record high for the same period, with an increase of 11800 million, indicating a shift in asset structure among residents [2][5][8]. - The relationship between household and non-bank deposits reflects a "seesaw" effect closely tied to capital market performance, suggesting early signs of changes in residents' asset allocation [2][8][53]. Group 2: Loan Trends - Household loans remain weak, with a year-on-year decrease of 1597 million, consistent with low consumer confidence levels [2][14][53]. - The consumer loan interest subsidy policy only started in September, meaning August data does not reflect its impact [2][14][53]. - The employment outlook is uncertain, as indicated by the Business Confidence Index (BCI) for hiring expectations, which fell to 44.07 in August, the lowest since March 2020 [2][14][53]. Group 3: Corporate Loan Dynamics - In August, the growth rate of medium and long-term corporate loans showed signs of stabilization, while short-term loans and bill financing decreased by 0.4 percentage points to 9.7% [3][20][54]. - The Producer Price Index (PPI) rebounded to -2.9% year-on-year, and the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for business expectations rose from 52.6 to 53.7, indicating a potential shift in corporate investment attitudes from cautious to watchful [3][20][54]. Group 4: Social Financing and Policy Outlook - The growth rate of social financing stock declined by 0.2 percentage points to 8.8%, primarily due to the end of front-loaded fiscal financing [3][26][54]. - From January to July 2025, social financing stock growth accelerated from 8.0% to 9.0%, largely driven by front-loaded government bond financing, which totaled an additional 4.8 trillion [3][26][54]. - Future fiscal and monetary policy coordination may provide marginal support for the stability of social financing, with new subsidy policies and innovative financial tools expected to enhance credit and social capital mobilization [3][29][54]. Group 5: Overall Financial Data - In August, new credit totaled 5900 million, a year-on-year decrease of 3100 million, primarily from the corporate sector [4][36][56]. - The total social financing in August was 25700 million, down 4623 million year-on-year, mainly due to government bonds [4][36][56]. - M2 growth remained steady at 8.8%, while the new M1 increased by 0.4 percentage points to 6% [5][43][57].

Group 1 - The narrow money supply M1 has shown a significant recovery in 2023, with a balance of 111.23 trillion yuan at the end of August, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6.0%, up from 5.6% in July and 2.3% in June [2] - The gap between M1 and M2 growth rates has continued to narrow, with the M1-M2 growth rate difference decreasing from -13.4% at the beginning of the year to -2.8% in August, the lowest since June 2021, indicating an increase in liquidity [2] - The increase in M1 is attributed to a rise in corporate demand deposits, suggesting that businesses are more confident in future investments and operations, which is a positive sign for economic activity [2] Group 2 - In the first eight months of 2023, the total increase in RMB deposits was 20.5 trillion yuan, with household deposits rising by 9.77 trillion yuan and non-financial corporate deposits increasing by 610.6 billion yuan, contrasting sharply with a decrease of 2.88 trillion yuan in the same period of 2022 [3] - The significant change in non-financial corporate deposits, which saw an increase of 3.5 trillion yuan compared to the previous year, is a notable indicator of improved business sentiment [3] - The increase in deposits is also reflected in the rise of non-bank financial institution deposits, which grew by 2.3 trillion yuan this year compared to last year [3] Group 3 - The average interest rate for corporate deposits has decreased, with a cumulative decline of 26 basis points, which has influenced corporate deposit behavior [4] - Government financing has increased significantly, with corporate bond balances reaching 33.47 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 3.7%, and government bonds increasing by 21.1% [4] - The issuance of special bonds has accelerated since May, aimed at replacing hidden debts and supporting government investment projects, which has positively impacted corporate cash flow [4] Group 4 - The increase in corporate demand deposits is driven by lower fixed deposit rates and expanded government financing, which has improved corporate cash flow and investment confidence [5] - The balance of corporate demand deposits rose to 207.68 billion yuan in July 2024, an increase of 8.49 billion yuan year-on-year, indicating a significant shift in corporate deposit behavior [5] - The sustainability of the M1 growth rate remains to be observed, as it heavily relies on government financing and its ability to stimulate corporate investment and consumer spending [5]

Monetary Policy and Financial Statistics - As of the end of August, the broad money supply (M2) reached 331.98 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.8% [1] - The total social financing stock was 433.66 trillion yuan, also reflecting a year-on-year increase of 8.8% [1] - The balance of RMB loans stood at 269.1 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year growth of 6.8% [1] - The government bond net financing scale for the first eight months of the year was 1.027 trillion yuan, an increase of 463 billion yuan compared to the previous year [1] Credit and Loan Growth - RMB loans increased by 1.346 trillion yuan in the first eight months, indicating strong support for the real economy [2] - The issuance of special refinancing bonds has accelerated, providing significant funding support for resolving hidden debts [2] - The growth rate of loans, after adjusting for the impact of replacing local government hidden debts, was estimated to be around 7.8% in August [2] Economic Activity and Sector Performance - The proportion of direct financing through corporate bonds, government bonds, and non-financial corporate domestic stock financing has steadily increased from 26.7% at the end of 2018 to 31.6% by the end of August 2025 [3] - Manufacturing loans have seen a significant increase, with new manufacturing loans accounting for 53% of new corporate loans in the first eight months, a rise of 33 percentage points from the previous year [3] - High demand for financing has been noted in sectors such as textiles, specialized equipment, and computer communications, driven by seasonal demand and market expansion efforts [4] Consumer Loans and Housing Market - Personal loan growth has been boosted by traditional summer consumption peaks and policies promoting consumption [4] - Recent real estate regulatory policies in major cities have aimed to better meet diverse housing needs, contributing to increased loan demand [4] Interest Rates and Economic Outlook - Since 2020, the People's Bank of China has cut policy rates nine times, leading to a decrease in loan rates for both enterprises and personal housing loans [5] - The macroeconomic policy is expected to maintain continuity and stability, with a supportive monetary policy aiding the real economy [5] - Long-term economic structural transformation and industrial upgrading are anticipated to lead to a more balanced supply-demand relationship in the economy [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the mixed performance of social financing and credit growth in August, indicating a need for policy adjustments to stimulate economic activity and improve credit demand, particularly in the household sector [1][6][15]. Summary by Sections Social Financing - In August, social financing increased by 2.57 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 463 billion yuan, aligning closely with market expectations of 2.53 trillion yuan [1][6]. - The stock growth rate of social financing was 8.8%, down by 0.2 percentage points from the previous month [1][6]. Credit Performance - The increase in real credit was 623.3 billion yuan, showing significant improvement from July but still below historical averages for the same period [7][9]. - The year-on-year decrease in real credit was 417.8 billion yuan, indicating ongoing challenges in credit demand [7][9]. Corporate Credit - Corporate short-term loans increased by 70 billion yuan, the highest for the same period since 2017, driven by factors such as inventory replenishment and banks' preference for short-term loans under stable interest margins [9][10]. - Corporate medium and long-term loans rose by 470 billion yuan, with a slight year-on-year decrease of 20 billion yuan, suggesting a recovery in financing demand for major projects [9][10]. Government and Corporate Bonds - Government bond financing increased by 1.37 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 251.9 billion yuan, primarily due to a high base from the previous year [3][10]. - Corporate bond financing rose by 134.3 billion yuan, with a year-on-year decrease of 36 billion yuan, reflecting increased costs and difficulties in issuing bonds [3][10]. Foreign Currency Loans - Foreign currency loans decreased by 9 billion yuan, but showed a year-on-year increase of 52.2 billion yuan, continuing a trend of improvement since April [3][12]. - The increase in non-discounted bank acceptance bills was 197.4 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 132.3 billion yuan, indicating a shift in financing patterns [3][12]. Monetary Aggregates - M1 growth rate was 6%, up by 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, driven by a low base effect and increased corporate foreign exchange settlements [4][12]. - M2 growth rate remained stable at 8.8%, supported by increased fiscal spending, while household deposits showed a significant decrease [4][12]. Overall Economic Outlook - The financial data for August indicates signs of fiscal strength and a recovery in corporate financing demand, but low leverage willingness in the household sector remains a concern [15][6]. - Upcoming policies, such as consumer loan interest subsidies and adjustments in real estate regulations, may influence household leverage willingness, with September and October data being critical for observation [15][6].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the recovery in credit growth supported by various factors such as industry recovery, resilient exports, summer consumption peak, and real estate support policies [1][4][7] - As of August 2025, the broad money (M2) balance reached 331.98 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.8%, which is 2.5 percentage points higher than the same period last year [1][11] - The total social financing stock was 433.66 trillion yuan, also growing by 8.8% year-on-year, indicating a stable financing environment [1][8] Group 2 - In August, the RMB loan balance increased to 269.1 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6.8%, with a notable increase in corporate loans and personal loans [4][5] - The manufacturing sector has shown a significant recovery, with new manufacturing loans accounting for 53% of new corporate loans, a substantial increase of 33 percentage points compared to the previous year [5] - Personal loans have also seen growth due to traditional summer consumption patterns and policies promoting consumption, leading to increased loan demand [5][6] Group 3 - The social financing growth rate has shown a marginal decline, with a total increase of 26.56 trillion yuan in the first eight months of 2025, which is 4.66 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [8][9] - In August alone, new social financing amounted to 2.57 trillion yuan, a decrease of 4.63 trillion yuan year-on-year, primarily due to a reduction in loans to the real economy [9][10] - The issuance of special refinancing bonds has provided significant support for addressing hidden debts, with 1.9 trillion yuan issued by the end of August [9][10] Group 4 - The monetary supply data indicates that M1 and M0 also experienced growth, with M1 reaching a year-on-year growth of 6% and M0 growing by 11.7% [11][12] - Experts suggest that the narrowing gap between M1 and M2 indicates a shift towards more liquid deposits, which can enhance consumption and investment activities [12] - The People's Bank of China is expected to continue implementing supportive monetary policies, including potential interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions in the fourth quarter [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the current state of China's monetary and fiscal policies, emphasizing the high growth rates of credit and social financing, while suggesting a need for structural optimization in monetary policy to better support the real economy [2][3][8]. Group 1: Credit and Financing Data - As of the end of August, RMB loans increased by 13.46 trillion yuan, with a loan growth rate of 6.8% [3]. - The social financing scale increased by 26.56 trillion yuan in the first eight months, with both social financing stock growth and M2 growth maintaining a high rate of 8.8% [2][3]. - The issuance of special refinancing bonds has reached nearly 1.9 trillion yuan this year, which supports the resolution of hidden debts and has a short-term downward effect on credit growth [3]. Group 2: Economic Support and Consumption - The manufacturing sector has seen a significant increase in loan demand, with new manufacturing loans accounting for 53% of new corporate loans, a 33 percentage point increase compared to the previous year [3]. - Personal consumption loans also saw an uptick in August due to seasonal demand and policies promoting consumption [3]. Group 3: Monetary Policy and Structural Optimization - The average interest rate for new corporate loans in August was approximately 3.1%, down 40 basis points year-on-year, indicating a supportive monetary environment [4]. - Experts suggest that while maintaining reasonable growth in financial totals, the focus should shift towards optimizing the structure of monetary policy to enhance support for key sectors [8][9]. - The narrowing gap between M1 and M2 growth rates reflects improved liquidity and efficiency in the financial system, which is crucial for boosting investment and consumption [5][6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China has implemented a series of monetary easing measures, including interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, to support economic growth amid a backdrop of stable M2 and social financing growth rates. Group 1: Monetary Policy - The People's Bank of China has continuously lowered the reserve requirement ratio and interest rates, resulting in a supportive monetary policy environment [1] - M2 and social financing growth rates have maintained a year-on-year increase of 8%-9%, indicating a broad monetary stance [1] - By the end of 2024, the ratios of social financing to GDP, M2 to GDP, and loans to GDP are projected to be 303%, 232%, and 190%, respectively, reflecting significant increases from 2017 [1] Group 2: Interest Rates and Lending - In May, the People's Bank of China introduced a comprehensive policy package that included further cuts to reserve requirements and interest rates [1] - As of August, the growth rates for social financing and M2 were both at 8.8%, notably higher than the nominal GDP growth rate during the same period [1] - Since 2020, the central bank has reduced policy rates nine times, leading to a decline in the 1-year and 5-year LPR by 115 and 130 basis points, respectively [1] Group 3: Loan Rates - In August, the weighted average interest rate for newly issued corporate loans was approximately 3.1%, down about 40 basis points from the previous year [1] - The weighted average interest rate for newly issued personal housing loans was also around 3.1%, which is 25 basis points lower than the same period last year [1]