Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the **U.S. labor market** and its implications for the economy, particularly focusing on the **unemployment rate** and its potential impact on market dynamics. Core Insights and Arguments - The **current unemployment rate** in the U.S. is fluctuating between **3.6% and 4.0%**, nearing the threshold that could trigger the **"Summer Rule,"** indicating a risk of economic recession, similar to the market reactions observed in **Q3 2024** [1][2] - The **labor market** has cooled to pre-pandemic levels, with a significant decrease in the ratio of job vacancies to unemployed individuals, suggesting weakened hiring intentions among businesses [1][3] - **Immigration policies** have a dual impact on the job market: initially filling labor shortages but later increasing competition with native workers, leading to a rise in the unemployment rate among immigrants [1][4] - Leading indicators show a continued weakening in employment demand, with key metrics like non-farm payroll data indicating a potential acceleration in labor market cooling in the latter half of the year [1][5] Additional Important Content - The **Trump administration** saw a historic high in immigration detentions, but the overcapacity of detention facilities limited the effectiveness of deportations on the job market [1][8] - The **impact of tariffs** on the U.S. economy and job market is significant, with broader and stronger tariffs potentially leading to a **1% economic shock** and an increase in the unemployment rate by **0.3% to 0.7%** [1][10] - Market expectations suggest that the unemployment rate could reach around **4.5%** by the end of the year, with a possibility of hitting **4.6%**, which may trigger the **Summer Rule** [2][11] - The **Summer Rule** indicates that if the unemployment rate rises by **0.5 percentage points**, it signals a recession, with potential market reactions including stock market declines and increased expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts [2][12] - If the **Summer Rule** is triggered in the latter half of the year, it could lead to significant market changes, including a drop in stock prices and commodity prices, alongside a rise in expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts [2][13] - There are internal divisions within the **Federal Reserve** regarding inflation and employment, with differing views on whether to prioritize inflation control or employment protection [2][14]

Core Viewpoint - The second half of the year is expected to see a phase synchronization of domestic and foreign policy rhythms, with a focus on structural opportunities in domestic assets [1] Group 1: Economic Outlook - Despite differing economic cycles between China and the U.S., uncertainties from tariff impacts are leading to synchronized policy rhythms in the second half of the year [1] - In the first half of Q3, both domestic and foreign economies are expected to show resilience, with policies focusing on cautious management of expectations [1] - By the latter part of Q3, export pressures in China and increasing pressures in the U.S. are anticipated, with more incremental policies likely to be introduced in Q4 [1] Group 2: Market Dynamics - The U.S. is expected to maintain some resilience in Q3, supporting risk appetite, but uncertainties from tariffs and debt risks may increase market volatility [1] - In Q4, as pressures in the U.S. mount, the likelihood of Fed rate cuts may support risk asset valuations through liquidity [1] - The U.S. fiscal year budget deadline and the expiration of "reciprocal tariffs" in September may lead to significant market fluctuations [1] Group 3: Domestic Economic Conditions - Domestic conditions are expected to remain weak but stable, with infrastructure spending providing upward support in the second half of the year [1] - Export growth is projected to slow down in August, with a neutral year-on-year growth expectation of around 1.5% [1] - Infrastructure funding is expected to increase in the latter half of the year, while real estate policies continue to strengthen [1] Group 4: Asset Allocation - Domestic assets are expected to focus on structural opportunities, with a policy-driven logic becoming more pronounced [1] - Equity markets are anticipated to continue with dividend and growth styles, focusing on undervalued sectors, while commodities will focus on black building materials and agricultural products [1] - Bonds are recommended for low-cost allocation, benefiting from expectations of loose monetary policy in Q4 [1] Group 5: International Market Considerations - International assets should be aligned with the weak dollar theme, while being cautious of volatility spikes [1] - U.S. stocks are expected to experience fluctuations in the first half of Q3, with potential relief from valuation pressures in Q4 due to rate cuts [1] - Non-dollar assets are likely to benefit in a weak dollar environment, while gold and other resource commodities are recommended for long-term strategic allocation [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the rising risks of unemployment in the U.S. labor market, driven by weakening labor supply and demand, and the potential impact of tariffs on employment [2][3][4] - The U.S. labor market is crucial for the economy, with consumer spending significantly contributing to GDP growth, primarily driven by labor income [2][6] - The unemployment rate is expected to rise, with estimates suggesting it could reach 4.5-4.6% by the end of the year, influenced by the new tariffs [3][89] Group 2 - The article discusses the employment impact of tariffs, indicating that a 1% decline in GDP could lead to a 0.3-0.7% increase in unemployment, based on Okun's Law [3][89] - The current tariff situation is expected to have a more significant impact on the manufacturing sector compared to previous tariff implementations, with a broader economic slowdown anticipated [65][77] - The article notes that the current economic environment is characterized by declining wage growth and increased precautionary savings among consumers, which could further exacerbate employment challenges [77][81] Group 3 - The "Sahm Rule" is mentioned as a potential indicator of recession, suggesting that if the unemployment rate rises to 4.6%, it could trigger recession signals [4][99] - Historical data shows that the Sahm Rule has a high success rate in predicting recessions, with the article indicating that the current labor market conditions could lead to its activation in the coming months [99][100] - The article emphasizes that the labor market is currently in a "loosened" state, with demand-side weaknesses likely driving the unemployment rate upward [100]

固 定 收 益 研 究 固定收益半年报 大浪难寻，细浪掘金 ――利率债 2025 年下半年投资策略报告 分析师： 王哲语 SAC NO： S1150524070001 2025 年 6 月 27 日 2025 年上半年市场回顾 资金价格：2025 年上半年，资金面先紧后松。一季度资金面偏紧且波幅较 大，与央行稳汇率防空转、银行负债压力加剧及政府债供给规模较高有关。 二季度资金价格趋降趋稳，主要源于，在关税冲击下，央行积极维稳资金 面，叠加 5 月降准降息直接带动资金价格下移。 一级市场：2025 年上半年，利率债供给加量，发行规模和净融资规模均远高 于 2024 年同期，其中，国债净融资规模接近 3.4 万亿元，约为 2024 年同期 的 2 倍。节奏上，国债发行主要在二季度提速；地方债则在一季度发行放 量，与国债发行节奏形成错位；政金债发行节奏较为平滑。 二级市场：2025 年上半年，利率先上后下，曲线走平。一季度利率出现较为 明显的上行调整，主要源于"宽货币"向"稳货币"甚至"紧货币"转变， 资金利空逐渐由短端向长端传导，带动曲线呈现熊平特征。二季度"关税交 易"是主线，4 月利率受关税避险和宽松预期升温 ...

作者 谭逸鸣 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110525050005 tanyiming@tfzq.com 唐海清 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110517030002 tanghaiqing@tfzq.com 唐梦涵 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110525060002 tangmenghan@tfzq.com 近期报告 1 《固定收益：信用主体骑乘库一览- 信用策略系列》 2025-06-26 固定收益 | 固定收益专题 2025 年 06 月 27 日 2 《固定收益：固定收益专题-建筑行 业系列一》 2025-06-24 3 《固定收益：可转债周报 20250622- 近期评级调整怎么看？》 2025-06-22 可转债 2025 年中期策略 证券研究报告 顺势布局，掘金赛道 25H1，权益与转债市场行情复盘 小盘风格占优，医药与金融地产股领涨，转债资产表现优异。年初以来， 小微盘风格占优，中证 2000、可转债对应正股指数分别涨 7.53%、9.64%， 领跑市场，沪深 300、科创 50 则分别录得 2.24%、3.14%跌幅；产业链 来看，医药板块、金融地产板块分别上涨 4.60 ...

与此同时，美联储新任监管副主席鲍曼也表态支持降息，认为在通胀可控的情况下，调整利率有助于维持健康的劳动力市场。不过，美联储仍保持谨慎态 度，特别是近期的重点地缘风险持续上升，全球经济不确定性进一步增加。 市场分析认为，美联储的降息预期将取决于未来几个月的通胀数据。如果关税影响持续有限，且就业市场保持稳定，七月或九月可能成为政策调整的关键时 点。古尔斯比的言论强化了市场对宽松政策的期待，但最终决策仍需更多经济数据的支持。 上周，美联储决定维持利率在百分之四点二五到四点五区间不变，但为下半年降息敞开大门。点阵图显示，美联储十九位官员中有十人预计今年至少降息两 次，两人支持降息一次，显示内部仍存在一定分歧。古尔斯比指出，目前的关键在于观察关税对经济的后续影响，尤其是价格传导机制是否会在未来几个月 显现。 值得注意的是，部分行业已出现"成本转嫁"现象，即关税负担在供应链各环节分摊，而非完全由消费者承担。古尔斯比表示："我们正在评估，这是否意味 着通胀压力已被消化，还是未来数据会出现新的变化。"这一观察与美联储理事沃勒的观点一致，沃勒上周五表示，如果通胀保持稳定，最早可能在七月降 息。 智通财经六月二十四日讯，美联储近 ...

Group 1: Main Views - US economic performance is relatively robust with a reduced recession risk, and the implementation of the tax - cut bill could boost demand expectations; China's May economic data shows resilience, but real estate is a major drag on commodity chains [3] - This week, domestic commodities continued to rebound, driven by the conflict between Israel and Iran, China's economic resilience, good US economic data, and the Sino - US framework agreement. Commodities may continue to rebound in the short - term, but there are still differences among varieties [4] Group 2: Overseas Situation Analysis US - The US military's air strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities may escalate the Middle East situation, affecting global supply chains and oil prices [4] - The Fed paused rate cuts in June. There are differences among committee members on rate - cut expectations. The new economic outlook downgrades growth expectations and raises inflation expectations. The Fed may cut rates late in 2025 [4] - US employment and inflation data are not bad, but there may be hidden concerns in the employment market, and the impact of tariffs on inflation has not fully emerged. Short - term inflation expectations are rising [4] Japan - The Bank of Japan paused rate hikes and plans to slow down the pace of balance - sheet reduction. It is not optimistic about the economic and inflation outlook. There is a probability of rate cuts in the second half of 2025 [4] Group 3: Domestic Situation Analysis - In May, domestic macro - data showed a pattern of "weak investment, strong consumption". Economic growth still faces pressure, and new incremental policies are needed in the second half of the year. The central bank may cut rates, and fiscal policies will further strengthen [4] - Positive fiscal policies continue to be effective. A total of 162 billion yuan in central funds has been allocated in January and April, and another 138 billion yuan will be allocated in the third and fourth quarters [4] - At the 2026 Lujiazui Forum, the central bank governor announced eight financial policy measures, the financial regulatory chief mentioned bank - insurance opening and support for Shanghai's financial center construction, and the CSRC chair proposed measures to reform the Sci - tech Innovation Board and ChiNext [27] Group 4: High - Frequency Data Tracking - In June, the operating rates of PTA plants, POY, etc. showed certain trends, with the PTA operating rate at 76% - 89% and other related data [34] - As of June 22, there were changes in some consumption - related data such as factory wholesale and retail, with year - on - year growth and decline rates [40] - In June, the average price of 28 key monitored vegetables, pork, and other agricultural products showed certain trends [42]

2025 年 6 月 23 日 晨会速递 总量研究 【宏观】如何解读 5 月份财政数据？——2025 年 5 月财政数据点评 5 月份财政收支同比增速均较上月回落，主要关注以下三点：其一，财政支出仍较为 强劲，兜底"三保"支出力度较强，但基建支出同比增速回落幅度较大，需关注地方 投资动能和意愿表现；其二，非税收入同比增速继续回落指向地方资金环境持续好转， 但税收收入同比增速依然不高，在加强征管之外仍需提振价格表现；其三，土地市场 改善并不持续，指向房地产市场向下"惯性"仍在，积极财政政策仍需择机推出。风 险提示：政策落地不及预期，重大项目开工不及预期。 【宏观】美联储在等待关税"冲击"——2025 年 6 月 FOMC 会议点评 美联储在 6 月会议如期按兵不动、将继续观察，点阵图也并未调整 2025 年的利率预 测。观察 5 月以来的数据，关税对消费的冲击已经逐步显现，对就业造成了结构性的 影响，但对通胀的影响尚未体现出来。我们理解，美联储依然在等待关税对通胀的"一 次性冲击"，并权衡其对于经济和就业的冲击，才会决策是否要推动降息。 【策略】被动型资金和个人资金仍是资金面的主要变量——资金面系列报告之四 公 ...

证券研究报告·策略报告·策略点评 策略点评 20250622 以伊冲突继续主导全球风偏——全球市场观 察系列 "硬"数据开始体现关税冲击。虽然以消费者信心为代表的"软"数据， 情绪指标开始回升，但"硬"数据方面，美国 5 月零售销售环比-0.9%， 预期-0.6%，前值由 0.1%修正为-0.1%，为 2023 年 3 月以来的最大降幅， 主要受汽车购买量下降的拖累。 偏鹰的美联储议息会议。6 月议息会议如期不降息，主要是关税对通胀 的影响可能较为顽固，要防止物价上涨成为持续性问题。对于未来，鲍 威尔对降息的态度体现中庸："它可能来得很快，也可能不会很快到来" （We know the time will come. It could come quickly. It could not come quickly）。不过从点阵图来看，预计全年不降息的人数增加，从 3 人增 加到 7 人，相较于 3 月议息会议明显偏鹰。 地缘冲突反复。6 月 16 日，伊朗通过阿拉伯中间人传递信息，伊朗官员 称，只要美国不参与袭击，伊朗愿意重返核问题谈判桌。6 月 18 日，中 东冲突升级，特朗普呼吁伊方"无条件投降"，被爆在 ...

当地时间周五，美联储理事沃勒表示，美联储最早可能在7月降息，并重申他认为关税对通胀的冲击可能是短暂的。 在讲话中，沃勒表示，他认为美联储应该降息，以避免劳动力市场可能出现的放缓。 他指出： "如果你开始担心劳动力市场的下行风险，那现在就行动，不要再等了，我们为什么要等到真正看到经济崩溃才开始降息呢？所以我完全赞成 在下次会议上开始考虑降息，因为我们不想等到就业市场崩溃才开始降息。" 接下来，美联储将于7月29日至30日举行下次议息会议。 沃勒表示："你最好慢慢开始，逐步降低关税，以确保不会出现大的意外。但要开始这个过程，这才是关键。我们已经暂停了六个月，观望一下，到目前 为止，数据一直很好……我认为我们不需要再等太久，因为即使关税晚些时候出台，其影响也是一样的。这应该是一次性的水平效应，不会造成持续的 通胀。" 沃勒还表示，经济数据显示，GDP增长和通胀正接近美联储的目标。 鲍威尔的主席任期将于2026年5月到期，沃勒被认为是该职位的有力竞争者。 不过，据CME Group FedWatch，市场预计美联储在7月会议上大概率不会降息，下一次降息将在9月。 | FED FUND FUTURES | | | | ...