在8月杰克逊霍尔会议中，鲍威尔将美国劳动力市场形容为供需双弱下的奇特平衡（curious kind of balance that results from a marked slowing in both the supply of and demand for workers）。 然而在2025年即将结束之时回看，美国劳动力供给仍在持续修复，推动失业率的进一步攀升——对"弱 劳动力供给"的期待，不过是场空欢喜。 炒股就看金麒麟分析师研报，权威，专业，及时，全面，助您挖掘潜力主题机会！ 来源：雪涛宏观笔记 对"弱劳动力供给"的期待，不过是场空欢喜；除掉AI的广义贡献，美国经济基本处于衰退边缘。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人钟天 持续上升的失业率，收窄到极致的新增就业分布（仅依赖教育保健业），边际修复但依然低迷的信心 ——美国"服务-就业-收入-消费"链条正在走弱；除掉AI的广义贡献，美国经济基本处于衰退边缘。 因为停摆带来的数据扭曲，以及新增就业水平本身的高波动（频繁下修），失业率正成为观察美国经济 的黄金指标，也是鲍威尔眼中最重要的参考因素。 2025年下半年开始跳升的失业率显然引起了联储更大的关注，但其对 ...

Wangdaizi(wangdaizi@sohu.com) 然而，三个关键指标敲响警钟： 第一，职位空缺持续缩水。过去一两年，美国职位空缺数缓慢但稳步下降，失业率悄然攀升。历史经验 表明，就业增长往往缓慢，而崩溃可能迅速——一旦突破某个临界点，将陷入难以逆转的恶性循环。 第二，企业裁员潮暗涌。亚马逊、Verizon等巨头宣布裁员数万人，私营部门裁员数飙升至十年新高。 高盛研究发现，裁员公告通常比实际失业救济申请提前两个月，其模型预测未来六个月失业率上升0.5 个百分点的概率达25%，较春季显著上升。 第三，消费者信心跌入谷底。通胀飙升后，消费者信心持续低迷，纽约联储调查显示，民众认为未来三 个月找到新工作的概率不足50%，甚至低于疫情期间水平。 英国《经济学人》11月30日报道，当前美国就业市场正上演"矛盾叙事"——表面强劲的劳动力数据与投 资者、政策制定者的深层焦虑形成鲜明对比。这场"冰火博弈"中，低失业率与工资增长能否抵消"K型 经济"、企业裁员潮和消费者信心崩塌的风险？ 表面繁荣：工人的"黄金时代" 近十年来，除疫情短暂冲击外，美国失业率持续徘徊在50年低位附近。更令人瞩目的是收入分配的改 善：自201 ...

Core Viewpoint - JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon warns that despite a positive GDP growth of 3.8% in Q2, economic risks are not fully mitigated, and a recession in the U.S. could still occur by 2026 [1][3] Group 1: Economic Indicators - The latest GDP data shows a year-on-year growth of 3.8%, indicating a short-term positive trend [1] - The "Sam's Rule" indicator is at 0.13%, supported by stable unemployment rates, leading some to believe that recession risks are low [3] Group 2: Dimon's Perspective - Dimon emphasizes a strategy of not betting on a single economic outcome and advocates for rigorous stress testing within the bank [3] - He acknowledges positive economic factors, such as deregulation and stimulus measures from the "Big and Beautiful Act," which could positively impact the economy but may negatively affect inflation [3] Group 3: Government Shutdown Concerns - The U.S. government is facing a funding impasse, leading to potential short-term pay issues for federal workers and increased unemployment risks upon their return [3] - Market expectations are pessimistic regarding the duration of the shutdown, with 52% of traders predicting it will exceed 20 days, potentially breaking the previous record of 35 days [3] - The shutdown coincides with the Federal Reserve's upcoming interest rate decision meeting, which could lead to policy misjudgments due to the lack of complete economic data [3] Group 4: Dimon's Critique of Government Shutdown - Dimon expresses strong disapproval of government shutdowns, stating they are fundamentally a bad idea regardless of political affiliation [4] - He reflects on a previous shutdown lasting 35 days, questioning its real impact on the economy or markets [4]

Economic Indicators - The Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4%-4.25%[4] - In August 2025, non-farm payrolls increased by only 22,000, significantly lower than the 142,000 in August 2024[4] - The unemployment rate rose slightly from 4.2% in July to 4.3% in August 2025, compared to 4.2% in August 2024[4] Inflation Trends - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) year-on-year increased by 2.9% in August 2025, while core CPI rose by 3.1%[4] - In August 2024, CPI was up 2.5% and core CPI was 3.2%, indicating a similar inflation level but with different trends[6] - Core CPI has shown a rising trend from 2.8% in April 2025 to 3.1% in August 2025, contrasting with the declining trend observed in 2024[8] Market Reactions and Policy Implications - The cautious 25 basis point cut reflects a shift towards signaling rather than aggressive policy changes[16] - Concerns over rising tariffs announced by President Trump may further increase inflation, complicating the Fed's decision-making[4] - The market's reaction to the rate cut was stable, with no significant fluctuations in U.S. Treasury yields, indicating investor caution[4]

Employment Data Summary - In May, the U.S. added 139,000 non-farm jobs, slightly exceeding the expectation of 130,000[2] - Job growth was concentrated in three sectors: education and healthcare services (+87,000), leisure and hospitality (+48,000), and finance (+13,000) while other sectors experienced job losses[2][25] - The unemployment rate remained steady at 4.2%, with a slight increase in the labor force participation rate dropping from 62.6% to 62.4%[4][29] Wage Growth Insights - Hourly wage growth was 0.4% month-over-month, surpassing the expected 0.3%, and year-over-year growth was 3.9%, up from a revised 3.8%[3][34] - The increase in wages is crucial for protecting the purchasing power of low- and middle-income consumers amid inflation concerns[5][19] Market Reactions - Market expectations for interest rate cuts have cooled, with the probability of a September rate cut dropping from 61.3% to 51.8%[3][39] - Following the employment report, U.S. stock indices rose, with the Dow Jones up 1.05%, Nasdaq up 1.2%, and S&P 500 up 1.03%[3][39] Employment Trends - The employment diffusion index fell to 50% for the month, indicating a decline in the breadth of job growth across sectors[4][24] - The total number of jobs added in the previous two months was revised down by 95,000, indicating a trend of slowing job growth[2][21]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the May non-farm payroll data, highlighting that while job additions slightly exceeded expectations, the overall employment market shows signs of slowing down, with a notable focus on wage growth as a positive aspect [1]. Group 1: Employment Data Overview - In May, non-farm employment increased by 139,000, surpassing the expected 130,000, with job growth concentrated in three sectors: education and health services (+87,000), leisure and hospitality (+48,000), and financial activities (+13,000) [2][16]. - The unemployment rate remained steady at 4.2%, but this stability was achieved at the cost of a declining labor force participation rate, which fell from 62.6% to 62.4% [5][22]. - The employment growth breadth has decreased, with the employment diffusion index dropping to 50%, indicating that job growth is becoming less widespread across various sectors [4][16]. Group 2: Wage Growth Insights - Wage growth in May was a highlight, with hourly earnings increasing by 0.4% month-over-month, exceeding the expected 0.3%, and a year-over-year increase of 3.9%, also above the anticipated 3.7% [6][31]. - The article emphasizes that the wage growth is crucial for protecting the purchasing power of consumers, particularly for low- and middle-income groups, amidst rising inflation concerns [6][12]. Group 3: Market Reactions - Following the non-farm report, market expectations for interest rate cuts have cooled, with the probability of a September rate cut dropping from 61.3% to 51.8% [3][35]. - The stock market reacted positively, with major indices such as the Dow Jones and Nasdaq rising, indicating a rebound in risk appetite among investors [3][35].

Core Viewpoint - The likelihood of the U.S. economy entering a recession in the foreseeable future is low, but growth is expected to slow down, with a possibility of a brief stagnation or decline, although this is considered unlikely. Current high inflation, exacerbated by rising tariffs, raises the potential for stagflation, but any occurrence would not be considered true stagflation [1][14]. Current Economic Status - The U.S. economy has shown resilience despite predictions of recession, with mixed economic indicators suggesting both recessionary signals and robust growth metrics. The Federal Reserve's recent meetings indicate a stable economic outlook, although uncertainty has increased [1][4][8]. - Various indicators point towards recession risks, including a significant drop in consumer confidence and weak retail sales data. However, the relationship between soft indicators and actual economic performance is often tenuous [5][7]. - The Atlanta Fed's prediction of a 2.8% decline in GDP for Q1 is primarily attributed to temporary factors, and economists still expect continued growth, albeit at a reduced rate [6][8]. Recession Indicators - Soft indicators, such as consumer confidence and small business optimism, have declined, but actual employment data remains strong, with job growth and low unemployment rates indicating a stable labor market [7][8]. - The mixed signals from economic data necessitate careful analysis to distinguish between temporary fluctuations and underlying trends [4][5]. Future Outlook - If current economic policies remain unchanged, the probability of recession may increase, potentially leading to a transition from soft to hard indicators of economic decline. However, historical patterns suggest that political pressures may lead to policy adjustments to mitigate economic damage [10][11]. - The impact of tariffs on inflation is projected to be temporary, with estimates suggesting an increase of 0.5-0.8 percentage points in inflation rates. The Federal Reserve is inclined to overlook these temporary effects, focusing instead on broader economic stability [14][15]. - The resilience of the U.S. economy, particularly through technological innovation and infrastructure investment, is expected to support growth while controlling inflation, although significant unforeseen challenges could still arise [15].