Investment Rating - The steel industry is rated as "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The market performance for the steel sector showed a 0.20% increase, outperforming the broader market, with specific segments like special steel and long products experiencing slight declines [2][10] - Supply conditions indicate a high furnace capacity utilization rate of 86.6%, with an increase of 1.10 percentage points week-on-week [2][25] - Demand for the five major steel products rose to 888.0 million tons, reflecting a week-on-week increase of 19.49 million tons, or 2.24% [2][34] - Social inventory of the five major steel products decreased by 23.33 million tons week-on-week, a decline of 1.65% [2][40] - The average price index for common steel increased to 3450.8 CNY/ton, with a slight week-on-week rise of 2.86 CNY/ton [2][47] Supply Summary - As of March 27, the average daily pig iron output was 2.3109 million tons, showing a week-on-week increase of 2.94 million tons [2][25] - The capacity utilization for electric furnaces reached 58.9%, up by 2.30 percentage points week-on-week [2][25] - The total production of the five major steel products was 743.9 million tons, a slight decrease of 0.21 million tons week-on-week [2][25] Demand Summary - The consumption of the five major steel products reached 888.0 million tons, with a week-on-week increase of 19.49 million tons [2][34] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders was 95,000 tons, reflecting a minor increase of 0.01 million tons week-on-week [2][34] - The transaction area of commercial housing in 30 major cities increased to 208.8 million square meters, up by 39.2 million square meters week-on-week [34] Inventory Summary - Social inventory of the five major steel products stood at 1387.7 million tons, down by 23.33 million tons week-on-week [2][40] - Factory inventory for the five major steel products was 510.2 million tons, a decrease of 25.06 million tons week-on-week [2][40] Price & Profit Summary - The comprehensive index for common steel was 3450.8 CNY/ton, with a year-on-year decline of 3.14% [2][47] - The profit for rebar from blast furnaces was 55 CNY/ton, down by 4.0 CNY/ton week-on-week [2][54] - The average cost of pig iron was 2369 CNY/ton, with a week-on-week decrease of 11.0 CNY/ton [2][54] Raw Material Summary - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) was 776 CNY/ton, with a week-on-week increase of 1.0 CNY/ton [2][70] - The price for main coking coal at Jingtang Port was 1720 CNY/ton, up by 120.0 CNY/ton week-on-week [2][70] - The price for first-grade metallurgical coke remained stable at 1715 CNY/ton [2][70] Company Valuation Summary - Key companies in the steel sector include Baosteel, Hualing Steel, and Shougang, with projected earnings per share (EPS) and price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios indicating potential growth [2][71]

Report Industry Investment Rating - The investment rating for the steel industry is "Positive" [2] Core Viewpoints of the Report - The steel industry is expected to see long - term improvement in supply - demand relations during the 15th Five - Year Plan period. In the short term, iron ore prices are expected to be strong due to factors such as the Iran situation and tightened iron ore procurement restrictions, strengthening the cost support for steel prices. With the long - term improvement in the supply - demand pattern, strengthened short - term cost support, and low sector valuation, the steel sector is expected to experience value restoration and has significant allocation value [3]. - Based on the judgment of the steel industry cycle, in an environment where PPI is at the bottom of the cycle, market liquidity is abundant, and risk premium is rising, the steel sector has strong "anti - involution" attributes and a large profit restoration space. High - quality steel enterprises have excellent upward elasticity from performance restoration and room for sector valuation increase from the improvement of the supply pattern. The industry still has medium - to long - term strategic investment opportunities, so the "Positive" rating for the industry is maintained [3]. Summary by Directory 1. This Week's Performance of the Steel Sector and Individual Stocks - The steel sector rose 0.20% this week, outperforming the broader market. The CSI 300 index fell 1.41% to 4502.57. The top three sectors in terms of gains were basic chemicals (3.31%), non - ferrous metals (2.60%), and comprehensive (2.41%) [10]. - Among the sub - sectors, the special steel sector fell 0.53%, the long - product sector fell 0.24%, the plate sector fell 1.02%, the iron ore sector rose 7.48%, the steel consumables sector fell 0.31%, and the trading and distribution sector rose 1.37% [12][17]. - The top three stocks in the steel sector in terms of gains were Dazhong Mining (23.30%), Tunan Co., Ltd. (7.17%), and ST Hukel (4.18%) [15] 2. This Week's Core Data Supply - As of March 27, the daily average hot metal output was 231.09 million tons, a week - on - week increase of 2.94 million tons (1.29%) and a year - on - year decrease of 2.19% [25]. - As of March 27, the blast furnace capacity utilization rate of sample steel enterprises was 86.6%, a week - on - week increase of 1.10 percentage points [25]. - As of March 27, the electric furnace capacity utilization rate of sample steel enterprises was 58.9%, a week - on - week increase of 2.30 percentage points [25]. - As of March 27, the output of the five major steel products was 743.9 million tons, a week - on - week decrease of 0.21 million tons (0.03%) [25] Demand - As of March 27, the consumption of the five major steel products was 888.0 million tons, a week - on - week increase of 19.49 million tons (2.24%) [34]. - As of March 27, the trading volume of construction steel by mainstream traders was 9.5 million tons, a week - on - week increase of 0.01 million tons (0.14%) [34]. - As of March 22, 2026, the commercial housing transaction area in 30 large and medium - sized cities was 2.088 million square meters, a week - on - week increase of 0.392 million square meters [34]. - As of March 29, the net financing of local government special bonds was 2.138 trillion yuan, a cumulative year - on - year decrease of 1.25% [34] Inventory - As of March 27, the social inventory of the five major steel products was 13.877 million tons, a week - on - week decrease of 0.2333 million tons (1.65%) and a year - on - year increase of 10.69% [40]. - As of March 27, the in - plant inventory of the five major steel products was 5.102 million tons, a week - on - week decrease of 0.2506 million tons (4.68%) and a year - on - year increase of 5.37% [40] Steel Prices - As of March 27, the general index of ordinary steel was 3450.8 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 2.86 yuan/ton (0.08%) and a year - on - year decrease of 3.14% [47]. - As of March 27, the general index of special steel was 6632.9 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 10.22 yuan/ton (0.15%) and a year - on - year decrease of 1.02% [47] Steel Mill Profits - As of March 27, the national average hot metal cost was 2369 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 11.0 yuan/ton [54]. - As of March 27, the profit per ton of construction steel electric furnace at normal electricity price was - 85 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 1.0 yuan/ton (1.16%) [54]. - As of March 27, the profit per ton of blast furnace for rebar was 55 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 4.0 yuan/ton (6.78%) [54]. - As of March 27, the profitability rate of 247 steel enterprises was 43.29%, a week - on - week increase of 0.9 percentage points [54] Futures - Spot Basis - As of March 27, the spot basis of hot - rolled coils was - 9 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 8.0 yuan/ton [62]. - As of March 27, the spot basis of rebar was 96 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 11.0 yuan/ton [62]. - As of March 27, the spot basis of coke was - 115 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 7.5 yuan/ton [62]. - As of March 27, the spot basis of coking coal was 29.5 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 41.0 yuan/ton [62]. - As of March 27, the spot basis of iron ore was - 26 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 8.5 yuan/ton [62] Raw Materials: Price and Profit - As of March 20, the spot price index of Australian powder ore (62% Fe) at Rizhao Port was 776 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 1.0 yuan/ton [70]. - As of March 27, the ex - warehouse price of main coking coal at Jingtang Port was 1720 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 120.0 yuan/ton [70]. - As of March 27, the ex - factory price of first - grade metallurgical coke was 1715 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous week [70]. - As of March 27, the average profit per ton of coke for independent coking enterprises was 21 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 17.0 yuan/ton [70]. - As of March 27, the price difference between hot metal and scrap steel was 13.5 yuan/ton, a week - on - week increase of 1.6 yuan/ton [70] 3. Valuation Table and Key Announcements of Listed Companies Valuation Table of Listed Companies - The table shows the closing prices, net profit attributable to shareholders, EPS, and P/E ratios of key listed companies such as Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Valin Steel Co., Ltd., and Nanjing Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. from 2024 to 2027 [71] Key Announcements of Listed Companies - Baodi Mining Co., Ltd. announced that several specific shareholders plan to reduce their shareholdings through centralized competitive bidding [72]. - Fangda Special Steel Co., Ltd. released its 2025 annual report, showing steel production, operating income, net profit, total assets, and net assets [73]. - Hainan Mining Co., Ltd. plans to repurchase and cancel some restricted stocks of the 2024 restricted stock incentive plan and adjust the repurchase price [73][74]. - Beijing Shougang Co., Ltd. announced the implementation results and share changes of its share repurchase [75] 4. This Week's Important Industry News - The Ministry of Finance will focus on expanding domestic demand, investing in people, and opening up and sharing, which is expected to boost steel demand and benefit steel prices [76]. - 14 provinces have announced 172 key steel industry projects, which boosts demand expectations and is beneficial to steel prices [76]. - The steel inventory has continued to decline, and the apparent demand has increased month - on - month, which supports steel prices [76]. - The steel industry reported a loss of 2.47 billion yuan from January to February, which reflects weak demand and poor profitability, suppressing market confidence and having a negative impact on steel prices [76]

Investment Rating - The steel industry maintains an investment rating of "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The steel sector experienced a decline of 10.03% this week, underperforming the broader market, with specific segments such as special steel down 9.18% and iron ore down 10.96% [10][12] - Supply conditions show an increase in high furnace capacity utilization to 85.5%, while electric furnace utilization rose to 56.6% [24] - Demand for the five major steel products increased to 868.5 million tons, reflecting a week-on-week rise of 8.82% [34] - Social inventory of the five major steel products decreased by 12.26 million tons week-on-week, while factory inventory fell by 16.40 million tons [41] - The average price index for common steel is 3448.0 yuan/ton, with a slight week-on-week increase, while special steel is at 6622.7 yuan/ton [47] - Profit margins for rebar steel decreased to 59 yuan/ton, while electric furnace profit margins for construction steel fell to -86 yuan/ton [55] Supply Summary - As of March 20, the average daily pig iron production was 2.2815 million tons, with a week-on-week increase of 6.95% [24] - The total production of the five major steel products reached 744.1 million tons, marking a week-on-week increase of 2.41% [24] Demand Summary - The consumption of the five major steel products reached 868.5 million tons, with a week-on-week increase of 70.40 million tons [34] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders was 94,000 tons, showing a slight decline [34] Inventory Summary - Social inventory of the five major steel products stood at 14.11 million tons, down 0.86% week-on-week [41] - Factory inventory of the five major steel products was 5.352 million tons, also down 2.97% week-on-week [41] Price & Profit Summary - The common steel price index increased by 2.56 yuan/ton week-on-week, while the special steel price index rose by 5.93 yuan/ton [47] - The profit for rebar steel decreased by 5.0 yuan/ton week-on-week, while the electric furnace profit for construction steel decreased by 8.0 yuan/ton [55] Raw Material Prices Summary - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) was 776 yuan/ton, with a week-on-week increase of 1.0 yuan/ton [73] - The price for coking coal at the port was 1600 yuan/ton, reflecting a week-on-week increase of 10.0 yuan/ton [73] Company Valuation Summary - Key companies in the steel sector include Baosteel, Hualing Steel, and Shougang, with projected earnings per share (EPS) and price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios indicating potential growth [74]

Investment Rating - The steel industry is rated as "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The steel sector has underperformed the broader market, with a decline of 1.92% this week, while the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.19% [11] - The report highlights a long-term improvement in supply-demand dynamics, supported by low valuations and cost support for steel prices [4] - The report suggests that the steel sector is still undervalued, with a price-to-book (PB) ratio of 1.27x, which is at the 49th percentile historically [4] Supply Situation - As of March 13, the capacity utilization rate for blast furnaces in sample steel companies was 82.9%, down by 2.40 percentage points week-on-week [3] - Electric furnace capacity utilization increased to 50.4%, up by 29.73 percentage points week-on-week [3] - The total output of five major steel products reached 7.266 million tons, an increase of 3.87% week-on-week [3] Demand Situation - The consumption of five major steel products was 7.981 million tons, up by 15.44% week-on-week [36] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders was 97,000 tons, an increase of 72.38% week-on-week [36] Inventory Situation - Social inventory of five major steel products was 14.233 million tons, up by 1.44% week-on-week [44] - Factory inventory of five major steel products was 5.516 million tons, an increase of 0.50% week-on-week [44] Steel Prices & Profits - The comprehensive index for ordinary steel was 3,445.4 CNY/ton, up by 1.22% week-on-week [50] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces was 64 CNY/ton, down by 11.11% week-on-week [57] - The profit for electric furnace-produced construction steel was -78 CNY/ton, an increase of 2.50% week-on-week [57] Raw Material Situation - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) was 775 CNY/ton, up by 1.04% week-on-week [73] - The price of coking coal at Jingtang Port was 1,590 CNY/ton, down by 20 CNY/ton week-on-week [73] Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on high-quality steel companies with advanced equipment and environmental standards, such as Hualing Steel, Shougang, and Shandong Steel [4] - It also suggests paying attention to companies with strong growth potential and those benefiting from the new energy cycle, such as CITIC Special Steel and Jiuli Special Materials [4]

Investment Rating - The report provides a positive outlook for the steel industry, indicating a gradual improvement in profitability and a favorable investment environment [5]. Core Insights - The steel industry is experiencing a recovery in profitability, driven by improved supply-demand dynamics and supportive policies. The SW Steel Index rose by 12.3% in the first week after the 2026 Spring Festival, outperforming the entire industry [5]. - Demand-side factors include recent policy optimizations in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai, which are expected to boost real estate financing and support steel demand, projected to remain at approximately 48.6% for construction steel in 2026 [5]. - On the supply side, the upcoming Two Sessions are expected to enhance policy support for the steel industry, with a focus on self-regulation and capacity reduction. The report notes a historical high in iron ore inventory at major ports, indicating a loosening supply [5]. - The report highlights the increasing concentration in the steel industry, with a focus on compliance and capacity reduction, which may lead to the exit of non-compliant firms. The CR4 and CR10 ratios for the domestic steel industry have increased, indicating a trend towards consolidation [5]. Summary by Sections Demand Factors - Recent policy changes in real estate financing are expected to positively impact steel demand, particularly in construction, automotive, shipbuilding, and home appliance sectors [5]. - The report anticipates a recovery in manufacturing steel demand, with signs of improvement in various sectors [5]. Supply Factors - The report mentions that 17 new mining projects are expected to contribute to iron ore supply in 2026, with a projected global iron ore production increase of 65.04 million tons year-on-year [5]. - The high operating rates of domestic steel mills are expected to support a potential rebound in steel prices [5]. Industry Dynamics - The report discusses the ongoing trend of "anti-involution" in the steel industry, emphasizing the need for consolidation and compliance with new regulations. The focus is on enhancing operational efficiency and reducing excess capacity [5]. - The report suggests that leading companies like Baosteel, Maanshan Steel, and Ansteel are well-positioned to benefit from these trends due to their technological and financial advantages [5]. Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on companies that are actively pursuing mergers and acquisitions to enhance synergies, as well as those with a strong dividend policy and high-quality special steel production [5].

Core Viewpoint - The final ruling of South Korea's anti-dumping case on hot-rolled coils from China has reached an agreement with China on a price commitment scheme, replacing high anti-dumping duties, which is expected to enhance the continuity and predictability of export orders [1][2] Industry Status - On February 23, 2026, South Korea announced the final ruling on the anti-dumping case against Chinese hot-rolled coils, agreeing to a price commitment scheme instead of high anti-dumping duties [1] - On February 25, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology published the first batch of steel companies that meet the 2025 version of the normative conditions, including 35 leading normative enterprises and 195 normative enterprises [1][3] Market Dynamics - The price commitment scheme is expected to compress low-price competition, improve the order of export quotations, and restore the "export reservoir" effect, which, combined with expectations of relaxed domestic real estate policies, may support market sentiment and promote industry recovery [2] - Weak winter storage has led to historically low inventory levels, and if demand rebounds in March due to resumption of work and production, it may catalyze a phase of price increases [4] Investment Recommendations - Since Q3 2025, the steel sector's valuation has shown significant recovery, with the overall P/B returning to the historical average of the past decade. However, core asset Hualing Steel remains undervalued, currently trading below book value [5] - The industry is expected to undergo further differentiation in 2026, with a focus on "eliminating the inferior and supporting the superior," favoring leading companies with high-quality cash flow and advantages in high-end and green manufacturing [5] - Hualing Steel (000932.SZ) is recommended as a top pick, with Hebei Steel (000709.SZ) also suggested for attention [5]

Core Viewpoint - The steel sector is at a pivotal point driven by multiple resonating factors, with recent positive news catalyzing a significant rise in the only steel ETF (515210) by over 2% at the market open [1] Supply Side: Policy Framework and Capacity Management - The "anti-involution" initiative in the steel industry is gaining traction, with high-level meetings emphasizing the need to address "involutionary" competition and accelerate the exit of outdated capacity [4] - A clearer policy framework is emerging, with the central economic work conference proposing a unified national market and measures to tackle "involution" [4] - Steel companies will undergo a classification management system aimed at guiding resources towards leading firms, with policies expected to gradually take effect by 2026 [4] - The industry is witnessing increased concentration as smaller firms face survival pressures, benefiting larger companies with technological and cost advantages [4] Cost Side: Iron Ore Supply and Profit Distribution - The steel industry landscape is shifting as major iron ore projects come online, leading to a more relaxed supply-demand dynamic and a potential profit transfer from raw materials to finished products [5] - Current iron ore port inventories have reached 169 million tons, indicating a loosening supply situation [5] - The profit distribution within the steel supply chain is changing, with iron ore profits expected to decline, allowing for improved profitability in finished steel products [5] Inventory and Pricing: Low Inventory and Price Stabilization - This year's winter storage efforts have been weaker than in previous years, resulting in total inventory levels being at a near historical low, which reduces post-holiday destocking pressure [7] - Steel prices have stabilized at around 3200 yuan/ton, indicating a bottoming out after several quarters of decline, setting the stage for potential price increases if demand or supply catalysts emerge [7] Demand Side: Shift in Steel Demand Structure - By 2025, the demand structure in the steel industry is expected to undergo a historic shift, with manufacturing steel usage surpassing that of construction for the first time, becoming the core demand pillar [8] - The automotive sector is projected to see record production and sales, with new energy vehicles also contributing significantly to steel demand growth [8] - Emerging sectors such as energy and nuclear power are expected to drive additional demand, with significant investments planned in these areas [9] Investment Opportunity: Steel ETF (515210) - The steel ETF (515210) offers a diversified investment approach to capitalize on the "anti-involution" trend and the potential recovery in the steel sector [10] - The current valuation of the steel sector is considered to be at a medium-low level, with significant room for absolute returns as the market rebounds [10] - The ETF tracks leading companies in the industry, which are expected to benefit from improved profitability as raw material costs decrease [10]

Investment Rating - The steel industry is rated as "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The steel sector has experienced a decline of 2.02% this week, underperforming the broader market, with specific segments such as special steel down by 2.31% and iron ore down by 4.67% [10][12] - Supply metrics indicate that as of January 30, the capacity utilization rate for blast furnaces among sampled steel companies is 85.5%, a slight decrease of 0.04 percentage points week-on-week [27] - Demand for the five major steel products has decreased, with a total consumption of 801.7 million tons, down by 7.78 million tons week-on-week [37] - Social inventory of the five major steel products has increased to 890.7 million tons, up by 22.27 million tons week-on-week, while factory inventory has decreased to 387.8 million tons [45] - The average price index for common steel is 3427.6 yuan/ton, reflecting a week-on-week decrease of 6.87 yuan/ton [51] - The report suggests that the recent safety incident at Baosteel may lead to temporary production cuts, providing cost and supply support for the industry [3] Supply Summary - As of January 30, the daily average pig iron production is 2.2798 million tons, with a week-on-week decrease of 0.12 million tons [27] - The capacity utilization for electric furnaces is reported at 55.7%, down by 2.23 percentage points week-on-week [27] - The total production of the five major steel products reached 722.4 million tons, an increase of 5.17 million tons week-on-week [27] Demand Summary - The consumption of the five major steel products has decreased to 801.7 million tons, a decline of 0.96% week-on-week [37] - The transaction volume for construction steel among mainstream traders is reported at 67,000 tons, down by 13.37% week-on-week [37] Inventory Summary - Social inventory of the five major steel products is at 890.7 million tons, up by 2.56% week-on-week [45] - Factory inventory has decreased to 387.8 million tons, down by 0.22% week-on-week [45] Price & Profit Summary - The common steel price index is at 3427.6 yuan/ton, down by 0.20% week-on-week [51] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces is reported at 51 yuan/ton, a decrease of 16.39% week-on-week [59] - The profit for construction steel produced in electric furnaces is at -80 yuan/ton, down by 26.98% week-on-week [59] Raw Material Prices Summary - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) is at 793 yuan/ton, down by 12.0 yuan/ton week-on-week [76] - The price for primary metallurgical coke is reported at 1770 yuan/ton, an increase of 55.0 yuan/ton week-on-week [76]

Group 1: Industry Overview - Iron ore futures rose over 4% on January 7, with a nearly 10% increase over the past two weeks, despite a market characterized by "high supply, weak demand, and high inventory" [1] - The strong financial attributes of iron ore and clear expectations for inventory replenishment are driving price stability, supported by low holding costs and a "near high, far low" contract structure [1] - The steel industry is experiencing a significant recovery in profitability, with total profits in the black metal smelting and rolling industry reaching 111.5 billion yuan from January to November 2025, a year-on-year increase of 1752.2% [1] Group 2: Company Insights - Jinchuan Company believes that the steel industry's anti-involution in 2026 is promising, with supply clearing expected to accelerate [2] - The company highlights that stricter capacity replacement policies in the ordinary steel sector and the acceleration of domestic substitution in the special steel industry will benefit from manufacturing upgrades and technological innovation [2] - Companies like Jinling Mining are noted for their unique iron ore resources and successful application of AI in developing blending models [3]

Core Insights - The steel industry is expected to recover in 2025 after three years of decline, driven by improvements in cost and supply sides [4][7][16] - The majority of profits in the black industrial chain are captured by iron ore, with profit shares of 72% for iron ore, 6% for coking coal, and 22% for steel [4][7] - The West Manganese project is seen as a potential solution to redirect profits back to the domestic steel industry [4][7] Profitability - In Q4 2025, prices for rebar, hot-rolled, iron ore, and coking coal decreased by 7.1%, 6.0%, 1.0%, and 12.5% year-on-year, respectively, with coking coal showing a significant price drop [7][18] - The decline in coking coal prices has alleviated cost pressures for steel companies, leading to a rebound in profitability [18][21] - The overall profit for the steel industry is expected to improve as demand stabilizes and costs decrease [7][21] Supply - The actual crude steel production in 2025 is expected to remain flat year-on-year, despite improved profitability encouraging production [20][21] - The supply side has not yet contracted as expected, with administrative production limits still pending implementation [16][20] - The discrepancy in production statistics indicates that crude steel output may be underestimated due to reporting practices [21][23] Demand - Steel inventory has been successfully reduced to low levels, indicating a stabilization in apparent consumption [26][27] - The demand structure shows a decline in rebar consumption by 5.4%, while hot-rolled and cold-rolled products saw increases of 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively [30][31] - Strong external demand, particularly in machinery and equipment exports, is expected to support steel demand [31][40] Outlook for 2026 - Steel demand is anticipated to remain stable, supported by infrastructure and manufacturing investments as outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan [42][46] - The decline in new housing starts is expected to moderate, reducing the negative impact on steel demand from the real estate sector [46][48] - Global monetary and fiscal policies are expected to become more accommodative, further supporting steel demand through improved economic conditions [48][49] Policy and Regulation - The introduction of export license management for certain steel products aims to curb low-end exports and improve market stability [51][52] - The focus on "graded management" policies is expected to lead to a reduction in outdated production capacity, benefiting compliant and high-quality steel producers [52]