证券研究报告 | 2025年12月15日 | 晨会纪要 | | --- | | 数据日期:2025-12-12 | 上证综指 | 深证成指沪深 | 300 指数 | 中小板综指 | 创业板综指 | 科创 50 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 收盘指数（点） | 3889.34 | 13258.32 | 4580.95 | 14048.68 | 3864.92 | 1348.88 | | 涨跌幅度（%） | 0.41 | 0.84 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.88 | 1.73 | | 成交金额（亿元） | 9099.50 | 11822.55 | 5238.63 | 3946.97 | 5601.58 | 838.65 | $\frac{\pi\times6}{\pi\times6}$. (4) [ (4) 384938 1 宏观与策略 宏观快评:11 月金融数据解读-企业融资多渠道回暖 宏观周报:宏观经济周报-2026 总量为结构让位 宏观周报:多资产周报-铜价再创新高 固定收益专题研究:固收+系列报告之七-国债期货套利：正向套利实证研 ...

Macro and Strategy - The report discusses the ongoing expansion and diversification of public REITs in China, highlighting the inclusion of various asset types and industries, with a projected market size increase of 2.3 to 3.8 trillion yuan, indicating a potential 10-16 times expansion compared to the current scale [7][8][10] - The average dividend yield of public REITs from 2022 to 2025 is 5.73%, which is higher than the average yield of the CSI Dividend Index at 5.52%, showcasing their attractiveness as a stable income asset [8][9] - Public REITs are characterized by a dual return structure comprising dividend income and asset appreciation, with a significant portion of returns coming from dividends over longer investment horizons [9][10] Industry and Company - The Chinese duty-free industry is entering a new cycle, with Hainan's duty-free sales experiencing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 39% from 2011 to 2019, but facing a decline of 37% from peak sales due to various market pressures [17][18] - Recent data indicates a recovery in Hainan's duty-free sales, with year-on-year growth of 3%, 13%, and 27% from September to November 2025, suggesting a positive trend in high-end consumption [18][19] - The report emphasizes the importance of policy support and market dynamics in shaping the future of the duty-free sector, with expectations for continued growth driven by improved consumer confidence and strategic policy enhancements [19][20][21] Automotive Industry - The report highlights the rapid advancements in smart driving technology, with companies like Tesla and Huawei leading the way in achieving Level 4 automation through innovative algorithms and architectures [24][25] - The penetration rate of smart driving technologies is expected to see significant growth, with projections indicating an increase from 11.3% to 26.3% for highway navigation assistance (NOA) by 2025 [25] - The global market for robotaxi services is projected to reach nearly 10 trillion yuan, with companies like Waymo and Apollo at the forefront of commercialization efforts [25][26] Non-Banking Sector - The report outlines the importance of the second pillar of the pension system in China, focusing on the development of enterprise and occupational pensions to address the challenges of an aging population [26][27] - The occupational pension system has achieved full coverage, while enterprise pensions are expanding from state-owned to private enterprises, indicating a shift towards a more diversified pension landscape [27][28] - The investment strategy for pension funds is evolving towards a "barbell" approach, balancing stable income-generating assets with growth-oriented investments in technology and manufacturing sectors [28]

Group 1: Key Recommendations - The report highlights the undervaluation of Luk Fook Holdings (00590.HK), a leading Hong Kong jewelry brand, emphasizing product innovation and channel transformation as new growth drivers [7][8] - For the fiscal year 2025, Luk Fook achieved revenue of HKD 13.341 billion, with 39.5% from mainland China and 60.5% from Hong Kong, Macau, and overseas markets [7][8] - The company has seen same-store sales growth of 5% and 10% in the second and third quarters of 2025, respectively, despite facing challenges from rising gold prices and changing consumer environments [7][8] Group 2: Industry Insights - The jewelry consumption logic has evolved to emphasize both fashion and value retention, with innovative design significantly enhancing the fashion appeal of gold products [8] - The report notes that the recent tax reform on gold in Hong Kong is expected to benefit the market by enhancing brand and price competitiveness, particularly in attracting mainland consumers [8] - The insurance industry has seen a 16.5% year-on-year increase in funds utilized, with a notable shift towards equity investments, indicating a robust demand for investment opportunities [14][19] Group 3: Financial Performance and Projections - Luk Fook is projected to achieve net profits of HKD 1.501 billion, 1.787 billion, and 2.028 billion for the fiscal years 2026 to 2028, representing year-on-year growth rates of 36.48%, 19.08%, and 13.44% respectively [9] - China Gold International (02099.HK) reported a significant revenue increase of 99.83% year-on-year for the first three quarters of 2025, reaching USD 925 million, with a net profit of USD 341 million [25][26] - The report anticipates that China Gold will exceed its production guidance for gold and copper, with a strong outlook for future growth [26][27] Group 4: Strategic Developments - The report discusses the strategic acquisition by Electric Power Investment (002128.SZ) of Baiyin Coal Power, which is expected to enhance the company's capacity and profitability by approximately 38% in revenue and 27% in net profit [29] - Dazhonglin (603233.SH) has shown a 26% year-on-year increase in net profit for the first three quarters of 2025, driven by improved marketing strategies and cost management [30][31] - The education sector is undergoing significant changes, with a focus on AI-driven personalized learning solutions, which are expected to address the challenges of scalability and cost-effectiveness in education [19][20]

Macro and Strategy - The report discusses the integration of AI in financial research, transitioning from "universal models" to specialized AI agents, enhancing efficiency in tasks like financial modeling and policy analysis [8][9] - AI tools like AlphaEngine can quickly generate DCF models and analyze policy impacts, improving decision-making processes for investors [8][9] Non-Banking Financial Sector - The report anticipates a positive interaction between macroeconomics and capital markets in 2026, driven by policy guidance and industrial upgrades, creating structural opportunities in technology and green economy sectors [10] - The capital market is expected to achieve a more balanced funding structure, with increased investments in public funds and insurance products, stabilizing market fluctuations [10][11] Home Appliance Industry - The home appliance sector showed resilience with a 4% year-on-year revenue growth in Q3 2025, despite a slowdown due to external sales pressures [11][12] - White goods revenue reached 268.7 billion, growing 5% year-on-year, while small appliances saw a 6.3% increase in revenue [12][14] - The report highlights the strong performance of leading companies in the sector, indicating a positive outlook for the industry [12][14] Public Utilities and Environmental Protection - The report notes a 2.71% increase in the environmental index, with significant gains in the power generation sector, particularly in renewable energy [16] - The introduction of the "Ecological Environment Monitoring Regulations" is expected to enhance monitoring capabilities and support the growth of the environmental sector [16][17] Retail Industry - The retail sector is experiencing a low recovery phase, with a 4.5% year-on-year increase in retail sales for the first three quarters of 2025, indicating a mixed performance across different segments [19][20] - The report emphasizes the divergence in performance among individual stocks, with some regional chains showing improved operational efficiency [19][20] Food and Beverage Industry - The food and beverage sector is characterized by a stable total volume but structural differentiation, with a notable decline in the liquor segment due to inventory adjustments [22][23] - The report highlights the growth of snack foods and beverages, with specific brands showing significant revenue increases [22][23] Medical Industry - The medical sector is witnessing a marginal improvement in revenue and profit, with innovative drugs and the CXO sector showing strong growth [29][30] - The report recommends focusing on undervalued stocks in the medical device and pharmacy sectors, which are expected to benefit from market stabilization [31][32] Media and Internet - The media sector has outperformed the broader market, with a 2.56% increase, driven by the popularity of AI platforms like Pokee AI [34][35] - The report suggests continued optimism for the media sector, highlighting advancements in AI technology that enhance operational efficiency [34][35]

Macro and Strategy - The macroeconomic review indicates a shift from "disconnection between stocks and bonds" to "stocks and bonds being sourced from the same origin," highlighting a year where stock performance outpaced bonds, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising from 3351 points at the end of the previous year to around 4000 points by the end of October 2025 [7] - The report discusses the AI wave, emphasizing that it is not a repeat of the 2000 internet bubble, as the current market is driven by profitable "cash cow" companies rather than speculative stocks [9][10] Industry and Company Insights - The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) industry is receiving a boost from the EU's announcement of a €3.3 billion investment plan to support decarbonization in aviation and shipping, with a projected SAF demand of 358 million tons by 2050 [10][11] - The report highlights the strong performance of the consumer services sector, particularly in Hainan, where duty-free shopping saw a 35% year-on-year increase following the implementation of new policies [12] - New Industry (300832.SZ) reported a revenue increase of 0.39% year-on-year for the first three quarters of 2025, with a notable improvement in overseas business gross margins surpassing domestic levels [19][20] - Xiangyu Medical (688626.SH) showed a revenue growth of 6.00% year-on-year in the first three quarters of 2025, although net profit faced pressure due to increased R&D and marketing investments [23][24] - The report on Steady Medical (300888.SZ) indicates a 30.1% year-on-year revenue growth in the first three quarters of 2025, driven by a strong performance in both medical consumables and health consumer products [26][27] Financial Engineering - The financial engineering report notes that 5401 A-share companies disclosed their Q3 2025 financial results, with many analysts highlighting significant earnings surprises in their assessments [31]

Macro and Strategy - The macroeconomic analysis indicates a significant deviation between traditional GDP calculations and official figures, suggesting a structural transformation in the economy, moving away from traditional infrastructure and real estate investments [9][10] - The focus of future policies is expected to shift from "investment in objects" to "investment in people," emphasizing urban renewal and service industry development [10] Industry and Company Analysis - New Hope Liuhe (002001.SZ) reported a resilient performance with a 5.45% year-on-year increase in revenue to 16.642 billion yuan and a 33.37% increase in net profit to 5.321 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025 [20] - Cloud Map Holdings (002539.SZ) experienced a slight revenue decline of 4.73% in Q3, but the core business remains stable with a net profit of 1.64 billion yuan [23] - Kingfa Sci. & Tech. (600143.SH) achieved a 22.62% increase in revenue to 49.616 billion yuan and a 55.86% increase in net profit to 10.65 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, driven by product structure optimization [26] - Aiwai Electronics (688798.SH) reported a 55% increase in net profit for the first three quarters, with a revenue of 2.176 billion yuan, reflecting strong performance in the consumer electronics sector [30] - The overall performance of the food industry, including companies like Sanquan Foods (002216.SZ) and Haitian Flavoring (603288.SH), shows a trend of revenue stabilization and cost control despite market challenges [8][30] Fixed Income Strategy - The convertible bond market is experiencing a significant increase in public fund holdings, with a total of 316.6 billion yuan, despite a decrease in overall market size [12][13] - The strategy suggests a focus on sectors like lithium batteries, semiconductors, and pharmaceuticals for potential high returns, while advising caution in financial and consumer sectors [11][12] Commodity Market Insights - The gold market is witnessing a pivotal moment as prices approach 4400 USD/oz, indicating a challenge to the dollar's dominance and a potential shift in global reserve currency dynamics [18][19] - The fertilizer market, particularly for compound fertilizers, remains stable, although sales have been impacted by extreme weather conditions [24][25]

Core Insights - The report emphasizes the transformative impact of AI on asset allocation, highlighting the shift from static optimization to dynamic, intelligent evolution in decision-making processes [1] - It identifies the integration of large language models (LLMs), deep reinforcement learning (DRL), and graph neural networks (GNNs) as key technologies reshaping investment research and execution [1][2] - The future of asset management is seen as a collaborative effort between human expertise and AI capabilities, necessitating a reconfiguration of organizational structures and strategies [3] Group 1: AI in Asset Allocation - LLMs are revolutionizing the understanding and quantification of unstructured financial texts, thus expanding the information boundaries traditionally relied upon in investment research [1][11] - The evolution of sentiment analysis from basic dictionary methods to advanced transformer-based models allows for more accurate emotional assessments in financial contexts [12][13] - The application of LLMs in algorithmic trading and risk management is highlighted, showcasing their ability to generate quantitative sentiment scores and identify early warning signals for market shifts [14][15] Group 2: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) - DRL provides a framework for adaptive decision-making in asset allocation, moving beyond static models to a dynamic learning approach that maximizes long-term returns [17][18] - The report discusses various DRL algorithms, such as Actor-Critic methods and Proximal Policy Optimization, which show significant potential in financial applications [19][20] - Challenges in deploying DRL in real-world markets include data dependency, overfitting risks, and the need for models to adapt to different market cycles [21][22] Group 3: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) - GNNs conceptualize the financial system as a network, allowing for a better understanding of risk transmission among financial institutions [23][24] - The ability of GNNs to model systemic risks and conduct stress testing provides valuable insights for regulators and investors alike [25][26] Group 4: Institutional Practices - BlackRock's AlphaAgents project exemplifies the integration of AI in investment decision-making, focusing on overcoming cognitive biases and enhancing decision-making processes through multi-agent systems [27][30] - The report outlines the strategic intent behind AlphaAgents, which aims to leverage LLMs for complex reasoning and decision-making in asset management [30][31] - J.P. Morgan's AI strategy emphasizes building proprietary, trustworthy AI technologies, focusing on foundational models and automated decision-making to navigate complex financial systems [42][45] Group 5: Future Directions - The report suggests that the future of asset management will involve a seamless integration of AI capabilities into existing workflows, enhancing both decision-making and execution processes [39][41] - The emphasis on creating a "financial brain" through proprietary AI technologies positions firms like J.P. Morgan to maintain a competitive edge in the evolving financial landscape [52]

Group 1 - The core conclusion emphasizes the transformation of information foundations through LLMs, which convert vast amounts of unstructured text into quantifiable Alpha factors, fundamentally expanding the information boundaries of traditional investment research [1] - The technology path has been validated, with a full-stack technology framework for AI-enabled asset allocation established, including signal extraction via LLMs, dynamic decision-making through DRL, and risk modeling with GNNs [1] - AI is evolving from a supportive tool to a central decision-making mechanism, driving asset allocation from static optimization to dynamic intelligent evolution, reshaping the buy-side investment research and execution logic [1] Group 2 - The practical application of AI investment systems relies on a modular collaborative mechanism rather than a single model's performance, as demonstrated by BlackRock's AlphaAgents, which utilizes LLMs for cognition and reasoning, external APIs for real-time information, and numerical optimizers for final asset allocation calculations [2] - Leading institutions are competing on an "AI-native" strategy, focusing on building proprietary, trustworthy AI core technology stacks, as evidenced by JPMorgan's approach, which is centered around "trustworthy AI and foundational models," "simulation and automated decision-making," and "physical and alternative data" [2] - Domestic asset management institutions should focus on strategic restructuring and organizational transformation, adopting a differentiated and focused approach to technology implementation, emphasizing a practical and efficient "human-machine collaboration" system [3] Group 3 - The report discusses the evolution of financial sentiment analysis mechanisms, highlighting the transition from early dictionary-based methods to advanced LLMs that can understand context and financial jargon, underscoring the importance of creating domain-specific LLMs [12][13] - LLMs are being applied in algorithmic trading and risk management, providing real-time sentiment scores and monitoring global information flows to identify potential market risks [14][15] - Despite the promising applications of LLMs, challenges such as data bias, high computational costs, and the need for explainability remain significant barriers to their widespread adoption in finance [15][16] Group 4 - Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a dynamic adaptive framework for asset allocation, contrasting with traditional static optimization methods, allowing for continuous learning and decision-making based on market interactions [17][18] - The core architecture of DRL in finance includes various algorithms like Actor-Critic methods and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), which show significant potential for investment portfolio management [19][20] - Key challenges for deploying DRL in real financial markets include data dependency, overfitting risks, and the need to integrate real-world constraints into the learning framework [21][22] Group 5 - Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) conceptualize the financial system as a network, allowing for a better understanding of risk transmission and systemic risk, which traditional models often overlook [23][24] - GNNs can be utilized for stress testing and dynamic assessments of the financial system's robustness, providing valuable insights for regulatory bodies [25][26] - The insights gained from GNNs can help investors develop more effective hedging strategies by understanding interdependencies within financial networks [26] Group 6 - BlackRock's AlphaAgents project aims to enhance decision-making by addressing cognitive biases in human analysts and leveraging LLMs for complex reasoning, moving beyond mere data processing [30][31] - The dual-layer decision-making process in AlphaAgents involves collaborative and adversarial debates among AI agents, enhancing the robustness of investment decisions [31][33] - Backtesting results indicate that the multi-agent framework significantly outperforms single-agent models, demonstrating the value of collaborative AI in investment strategies [34][35] Group 7 - JPMorgan's AI strategy focuses on building proprietary, trustworthy AI technologies, emphasizing the importance of trust and security in AI applications within finance [45][46] - The bank is committed to developing foundational models and generative AI capabilities, aiming to control key AI functionalities and ensure compliance with regulatory standards [49][50] - By integrating multi-agent simulations and reinforcement learning, JPMorgan seeks to create sophisticated models that can navigate complex financial systems and enhance decision-making processes [53][54]

Group 1: Macro and Strategy - The current stock market rise is not driven by macro liquidity excess but rather by internal fund rotation and leverage [7] - Market pricing is influenced by risk appetite recovery, with potential stabilization in prices due to external demand support and gradual implementation of "anti-involution" policies [7] - The marginal stabilization of prices may lead to a moderate rise in equity assets, with potential sector rotation and interest rate cut expectations becoming significant for the bond market [7] Group 2: Industry and Company Analysis - The data center and AI server liquid cooling industry is rapidly evolving to address high energy consumption and heat generation, with liquid cooling technology expected to significantly reduce PUE levels [18][19] - The liquid cooling market is projected to see substantial demand, with an estimated 89,000 tons of cooling liquid needed by 2028 due to the growth of AI data centers [19] - The pharmaceutical sector is witnessing a focus on innovative drug companies with differentiated capabilities, as exemplified by the recent IPO of Jinfang Pharmaceutical on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange [20][21] - Huicheng Vacuum reported a 9.71% decline in revenue and a 27.82% drop in net profit for the first half of 2025, attributed to weak downstream demand and revenue structure adjustments [23] - OptoTech achieved a 30.68% increase in revenue and a 28.80% rise in net profit in the first half of 2025, driven by the recovery in the lithium battery sector and industrial AI technology applications [26] - Miniso is experiencing a turning point in its main business operations, with strategies focused on large store models and proprietary IP driving quality growth [28]

Macro and Strategy - April financial data indicates a weaker than expected performance, with new social financing at 1.16 trillion yuan, below the expected 1.26 trillion yuan, and new RMB loans at 280 billion yuan, significantly lower than the expected 764 billion yuan [6][7] - The M2 money supply grew by 8.0% year-on-year, surpassing the expected 7.5%, reflecting a shift towards government financing dominance while private sector credit remains weak [6][7] - The report highlights a significant decline in new loans, with April's new credit at 280 billion yuan, a drop of 450 billion yuan year-on-year, marking a historical low for the period [7] Industry and Company Analysis Jerry Holdings (002353.SZ) - The company is a leading oilfield equipment manufacturer and service provider, with projected revenues of 9.44 billion yuan in 2010 and 133.55 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a CAGR of approximately 20.83% [12] - The net profit for 2024 is expected to be 26.27 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 7.03% [12] - The company has a strong competitive position in high-end equipment, maintaining a leading market share in domestic and international markets [13] XCMG Machinery (000425.SZ) - The company reported a revenue of 916.60 billion yuan in 2024, a slight decline of 1.28%, while net profit increased by 12.20% to 59.76 billion yuan [14] - The improvement in profitability is attributed to an optimized product structure and increased overseas revenue [15] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in the construction machinery sector, with domestic excavator sales projected to grow [16] Hangcha Group (603298.SH) - The company achieved a revenue of 164.86 billion yuan in 2024, a growth of 1.15%, with net profit increasing by 17.86% [17] - The rise in profitability is driven by higher margins from overseas business and a reduction in raw material costs [18] - The company is expanding its international presence, with significant growth in its smart logistics segment [18] TBEA Co., Ltd. (600089.SH) - The company reported a revenue of 978.7 billion yuan in 2024, with a net profit of 41.3 billion yuan, reflecting a significant decline due to losses in the polysilicon segment [19] - The company is focusing on expanding its transmission and transformation business, with a notable increase in overseas market contracts [19] - The polysilicon business is under pressure due to price declines, prompting the company to reduce production [20] First Solar (FSLR.O) - The company achieved a revenue of 42.1 billion yuan in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 27%, with a net profit of 12.9 billion yuan, up 56% [22] - The company has a strong order backlog, with 66.1 GW of orders as of Q1 2025, indicating robust future demand [23] - Despite uncertainties in U.S. policy, the long-term outlook remains positive due to strong demand for solar energy [24] JD Group (09618.HK) - The company reported a revenue of 301.1 billion yuan in Q1 2025, a growth of 16% year-on-year, driven by strong performance in retail and logistics [25] - The non-GAAP net profit was 12.8 billion yuan, with a net profit margin of 4.2% [26] - The company is leveraging AI technology across its retail and supply chain operations to enhance efficiency [27] Mindray Medical (300760.SZ) - The company reported a revenue of 367.26 billion yuan in 2024, with a net profit of 116.68 billion yuan, reflecting a slight increase [28] - The in-vitro diagnostics segment has become the largest business unit, with significant growth in international markets [29] - The company is expected to continue its strong performance in the medical device sector, with a focus on innovation and market expansion [30]