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当一盎司白银贵过一桶原油
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-12-29 13:30
黄金和白银价格12月份持续飙升。美国知名投资人预测,贵金属的猛涨行情,可能预示美国金融存在危 机。 白银价格今年涨幅超过一倍,超过黄金。美国纽约商品期货交易所白银期货价格在29日亚洲交易时段首 次突破每盎司80美元关口,再创新高,超过一桶原油的价格。原油价格在26日报收于每桶56.74美元。 类似今年上涨72%并创新高的黄金,投资者同样在实物和纸面上囤积白银,希望借此储存财富,并对冲 美元等货币的风险。 与此同时,珠宝商、医疗器械制造商、电动汽车生产商、数据中心开发商,尤其是太阳能电池板工厂, 都对白银保持着旺盛需求。美国花旗集团分析师估计,太阳能行业消耗全球近30%的白银年产量。 与此同时,印度投资者对白银的需求激增。《华盛顿邮报》本月早些时候报道,印度央行近期决定允许 发放以白银为抵押品的贷款。据金属行业媒体金拓新闻网站报道,印度现在是全球第二大白银投资市 场。 美国知名投资人彼得·席夫日前警告,美国经济正走向一场历史性危机。他认为,通货膨胀以及黄金和 白银价格飙升,正削弱市场对美国国债的信心,为美元急剧下跌埋下伏笔。 "当你看到黄金价格大幅上涨时,这表明人们对美元的信心正在丧失。这就是人们购买黄金的原因 ...
美元下跌 金属集体回落 伦铜涨超3% 碳酸锂跌逾7% 铂钯一同跌停
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-12-29 09:27
来源:上海有色网 金属市场: 外盘金属方面,截至15:02分,外盘伦铜以3.17%的涨幅领涨,伦锌涨0.81%,伦锡、伦镍跌幅均在1%以 内。 贵金属方面,截至15:02分,COMEX黄金跌1.16%,COMEX白银跌2.28%。国内方面,沪金跌0.91%, 沪银涨幅收窄至0.51%。 此外,铂、钯主连一同跌停,铂主连以10%的跌幅报634.35元/克,钯主连以10%的跌幅报494.1元/克。 截至今日15:02分行情 | | | 名称 | * @ | | | | | | 涨跌 | 原因 | 划期 宜 买入价 | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | ecm | 欧线集运 百连 | | 19 | 1822.9 | 0.87 | | | 15.8 | 2.44万 | 5 1822.0 1822.9 | | | | | LNKT | 综合镇03 | | | 15688 | | | | | | | -98 0 0 15700 15710 4 -0.62 | | | 1 ...
每日投资策略-20251229
Zhao Yin Guo Ji· 2025-12-29 02:44
Global Market Overview - The Hang Seng Index closed at 25,819, showing a year-to-date increase of 28.71% [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.10% to 3,964, with a year-to-date increase of 18.26% [1] - The US Dow Jones Index decreased by 0.04% to 48,711, with a year-to-date increase of 14.49% [1] - The Nikkei 225 in Japan increased by 0.68% to 50,750, with a year-to-date increase of 27.21% [1] Sector Performance in Hong Kong - The Hang Seng Financial Index remained unchanged at 49,269, with a year-to-date increase of 40.22% [2] - The Hang Seng Real Estate Index also remained unchanged at 17,887, with a year-to-date increase of 19.94% [2] - The Hang Seng Industrial Index stayed at 13,971, reflecting a year-to-date increase of 24.19% [2] Recent Market Trends - A-shares rose last Friday, led by non-ferrous metals, electric equipment, and steel, while electronics, light manufacturing, and communications lagged [3] - The USD/CNY exchange rate fell below 7.0, with expectations of further decline to 6.95 in the first half of next year [3] - The Chinese Ministry of Finance plans to implement more proactive fiscal policies in 2026 to support consumer spending [3] - The Bank of Japan's December meeting minutes indicated a need for gradual interest rate hikes to avoid falling behind inflation [3] US Market Insights - US stocks experienced low trading volume post-Christmas, with materials, information technology, and healthcare sectors rising, while consumer discretionary, energy, and financial sectors fell [3] - Gold and silver prices surged significantly, influenced by margin requirement adjustments for futures contracts [3] - Cryptocurrency markets saw a decline as US investors sold off to offset tax liabilities from stock gains [3]
沪指八连阳,跨年行情可期?丨周度量化观察
Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index achieved an eight-day winning streak, with a weekly increase of 1.88%, indicating a "steady rise" trend [2] - The Shenzhen Component Index and ChiNext Index performed better, with weekly gains of 3.55% and 3.90% respectively [2] - The Wande Commercial Aerospace Index surged by 8.36%, marking its largest weekly gain in the second half of the year [2] - The overall market sentiment showed improvement, with increased trading volumes, indicating a recovery in risk appetite [4] Equity Market - The average daily trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets significantly increased to 1.95 trillion yuan, surpassing 2 trillion yuan on Friday [4] - Growth style stocks outperformed value style stocks, suggesting a shift in market preference [4] - The market is showing signs of breaking out of the consolidation phase, with a need to closely monitor changes in trading volume [4] Bond Market - The bond market showed a recovery, with both interest rate bonds and credit bonds strengthening, supported by a balanced funding environment [2][29] - The central bank's measures have maintained liquidity, alleviating initial concerns about market adjustments [5] - A cautious approach is recommended for long-term bonds due to supply pressures, with a focus on short to medium-term bond strategies [5] Commodity Market - COMEX gold prices continued to rise, reaching new highs, driven by a weaker dollar and geopolitical tensions [2] - The South China Commodity Index increased by 4.00%, with significant gains in precious metals and non-ferrous metals [33] - The outlook for gold remains positive in the medium to long term, supported by factors such as central bank purchases and limited supply capacity [6] Overseas Market - The U.S. stock market showed resilience, with the S&P 500 reaching new highs, supported by strong economic data [2] - The U.S. GDP for Q3 was reported at an annualized rate of 4.3%, exceeding expectations, which has led to a slight reduction in interest rate cut expectations [2] - Investors are encouraged to consider diversified overseas investments through QDII funds, balancing asset classes and regional exposures [7]
《能源化工》日报-20251229
Guang Fa Qi Huo· 2025-12-29 02:02
1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No information provided regarding industry investment ratings in the given reports. 2. Core Views of Each Report Natural Rubber Industry - Short - term rubber price may rise due to commodity preference sentiment, but the overall fundamentals are weak. Consider short - selling around 15700 [1]. Glass and Soda Ash Industry - Soda ash: The supply - demand pattern is bearish, prices are in a downward trend with occasional technical rebounds. Look for short - selling opportunities after rebounds [3]. - Glass: The spot market is under pressure, and the 05 contract is expected to fluctuate weakly at the bottom before positive drivers emerge [3]. Crude Oil Industry - International crude oil prices are affected by geopolitical events. The supply is in excess, and prices are expected to fluctuate between 60 - 65 dollars per barrel. Monitor EIA data and geopolitical developments [4]. Pure Benzene - Styrene Industry - Pure benzene: The short - term supply - demand is weak, and the price is expected to oscillate between 5300 - 5600. - Styrene: The short - term rebound space is limited. Consider short - selling EB02/03 above 6800 and narrowing the EB spread [6]. Polyolefin Industry - PP: Supply increases while demand decreases, and the 05 contract may face pressure if there are few planned maintenance in 1 - 3 months. - PE: Supply and demand are both weak, but the marginal situation is improving, and short - term pressure is relieved [7]. PVC and Caustic Soda Industry - Caustic soda: The supply - demand is weak, inventory is high, and the rebound height is limited. - PVC: The spot fundamentals are weak, and it is difficult to support price increases [8]. Urea Industry - The short - term supply is high, and demand is weak. Prices are expected to oscillate widely, with the futures main contract focusing on the 1700 - 1760 range [9]. LPG Industry No clear overall view provided in the given LPG - related content. Ester Industry - PX: The short - term supply - demand may weaken, with prices adjusting before the Spring Festival. Consider exiting long positions, short - selling for the aggressive, and low - buying in the medium - term. - PTA: Follow raw material fluctuations. Exit long positions, short - sell for the aggressive, and low - buy in the medium - term. - MEG: Overseas supply may shrink, but near - month inventory accumulation is expected, and price increases face resistance. - Short - fiber: Follow raw material fluctuations, and narrow the processing spread when it is high. - Bottle chips: Domestic supply is expected to increase, and compress the processing spread when it is high [13]. Methanol Industry - The port may face inventory accumulation in December, and the supply - demand balance may turn to inventory reduction in the first quarter of the next year. The inland price oscillates narrowly. Monitor inventory reduction after the actual arrival at the port decreases [16]. 3. Summaries Based on Relevant Catalogs Natural Rubber Industry Spot Prices and Basis - Yunnan state - owned full - latex rubber (SCRWF) in Shanghai rose from 15200 to 15300, with a 0.66% increase. - The full - latex basis increased by 9.43% to - 480 yuan/ton [1]. Monthly Spreads - The 9 - 1 spread increased by 50% to 15 yuan/ton [1]. Production and Consumption - Thailand's November production decreased by 9.39% to 466.20 thousand tons. - China's November production increased by 23.70 thousand tons [1]. Inventory Changes - Bonded area inventory increased by 3.28% to 515227 tons [1]. Glass and Soda Ash Industry Glass - Related Prices and Spreads - North China glass price remained at 1010 yuan/ton. - The 01 basis of glass decreased by 5.13% to 74 yuan/ton [3]. Soda Ash - Related Prices and Spreads - Northwest soda ash price decreased by 4.21% to 910 yuan/ton. - The 01 basis of soda ash decreased by 3.24% to 179 yuan/ton [3]. Supply - Soda ash weekly output decreased by 1.33% to 71.18 million tons [3]. Inventory - Soda ash factory inventory decreased by 4.06% to 143.85 million tons [3]. Crude Oil Industry Crude Oil Prices and Spreads - Brent crude oil decreased by 2.57% to 60.64 dollars per barrel [4]. Refined Oil Prices and Spreads - NYM RBOB decreased by 2.86% to 169.71 cents per gallon [4]. Pure Benzene - Styrene Industry Upstream Prices and Spreads - Brent crude oil (February) decreased by 2.6% to 60.64 dollars per barrel. - The pure benzene - naphtha spread increased by 3.9% to 133 dollars/ton [6]. Styrene - Related Prices and Spreads - Styrene East China spot price increased by 2.4% to 6700 dollars/ton [6]. Inventory and Operating Rates - Styrene Jiangsu port inventory increased by 3.4% to 13.93 million tons [6]. Polyolefin Industry Futures Prices and Spreads - L2601 closed at 6388 yuan/ton, up 0.73%. - The L15 spread decreased by 61.70% to - 76 yuan/ton [7]. Inventory - PE enterprise inventory decreased by 5.99% to 45.9 million tons [7]. Operating Rates - PE device operating rate decreased by 1.46% to 82.6% [7]. PVC and Caustic Soda Industry Spot and Futures Prices - Shandong 32% liquid caustic soda converted to 100% decreased by 0.7% to 2218.8 yuan/ton. - V2605 increased by 1.6% to 4832 yuan/ton [8]. Supply and Demand - Caustic soda industry operating rate increased by 0.2% to 88.7%. - PVC total operating rate decreased by 0.9% to 75.4% [8]. Inventory - Liquid caustic soda East China factory inventory decreased by 2.6% to 22.1 million tons [8]. Urea Industry Futures and Spot Prices - The 01 contract of urea decreased by 0.48% to 1667 yuan/ton [9]. Supply and Demand - Domestic urea daily output remained at 19.19 million tons. - Factory inventory decreased by 9.39% to 106.89 million tons [9]. LPG Industry LPG Prices and Spreads - The main PG2601 contract increased by 0.07% to 4238 yuan/ton. - The PG01 - 02 spread decreased by 0.63% to 158 yuan/ton [11]. Inventory and Operating Rates - LPG refinery storage capacity ratio increased by 1.69% to 24.1%. - Downstream PDH operating rate increased by 1.81% to 76.4% [11]. Ester Industry Upstream Prices - Brent crude oil (February) decreased by 2.6% to 60.64 dollars per barrel. - CFR China PX increased by 2.0% to 918 dollars/ton [13]. Polyester Product Prices and Cash Flows - POY150/48 price increased by 2.0% to 6570 yuan/ton [13]. Operating Rates - Asian PX operating rate increased by 0.6% to 79.5% [13]. Methanol Industry Methanol Prices and Spreads - MA2601 closed at 2130 yuan/ton, up 0.05%. - The MTO05盘面 increased by 13.18% to - 191 [14]. Inventory - Methanol enterprise inventory increased by 3.28% to 40.397 million tons [15]. Operating Rates - Upstream domestic enterprise operating rate increased by 0.46% to 77.99% [16].
今日A股市场重要快讯汇总|2025年12月29日
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-29 01:02
一、上市公司重要公告 零跑汽车在港交所公告,12月28日,公司与一汽股权订立内资股认购协议,据此,公司已有条件同意向 一汽股权发行74,832,245股内资股,认购价为每股内资股认购股份人民币50.03元(相当于55.29元港元, 零跑最新收盘价为49.84港元),内资股认购股份将根据一般授权发行。 二、外围市场与关联资产 金属市场方面,现货白银价格日内大幅上涨,先后突破80、81、82、83美元/盎司关口,日内涨幅达 4.89%;纽约期银同步走高,突破81、82美元/盎司,日内涨幅6.33%。 钯金期货突破2100美元/盎司,日内涨3.91%。 黄金方面,纽约期金突破4570、4580美元/盎司,日内涨0.61%,现货黄金则失守4530美元/盎司,日内 跌0.07%。 此外,布伦特原油突破61美元/桶,日内涨0.49%。 国际市场动态中,贸易限制解除消息推动SK海力士盘前股价大涨8.2%。 加密货币方面,比特币升破88000美元,日内涨0.18%。 三、宏观经济与市场分析 责任编辑:喜娜AI 一、上市公司重要公告 零跑汽车在港交所公告,12月28日,公司与一汽股权订立内资股认购协议,据此,公司已有条件同意向 ...
五矿期货能源化工日报-20251229
Wu Kuang Qi Huo· 2025-12-29 01:01
1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - For crude oil, although the geopolitical premium has disappeared and OPEC's production increase is minimal with supply not yet surging, short - term oil prices should not be overly bearish. A range - trading strategy of buying low and selling high is maintained, but it's advisable to wait and see for now to verify OPEC's export price - support intention [3] - For methanol, after the bullish factors are realized, the market enters short - term consolidation. With high import arrivals and expected port olefin plant maintenance, there is still pressure on the port. The supply is high, and the market is expected to consolidate at a low level. A wait - and - see approach is recommended for single - side trading [5] - For urea, the market is oscillating higher. Demand has improved in the short term due to reserve needs and increased compound fertilizer production. Supply is expected to decline seasonally. With export policy and cost support, the price is expected to build a bottom while oscillating. Buying on dips is recommended [9] - For rubber, a neutral - to - bullish short - term trading strategy is suggested, with a fast - in - and - out approach. A hedging position of buying RU2601 and selling RU2609 is recommended [15] - For PVC, the industry has low comprehensive profit, high supply, and weak demand. In the short term, sentiment drives a rebound, but in the medium term, a strategy of shorting on rallies is recommended before significant production cuts [17] - For pure benzene and styrene, the non - integrated profit of styrene is neutral - to - low, with large upward valuation repair space. Before the first quarter of next year, going long on the non - integrated profit of styrene is recommended [20] - For polyethylene, OPEC+ plans to suspend production growth in Q1 2026, and the price may have bottomed. Buying the LL5 - 9 spread on dips is recommended [23] - For polypropylene, there is a supply surplus in the cost side. With high inventory pressure and weak supply - demand, the market may be supported when the supply - surplus situation changes in Q1 next year [25] - For PX, it is expected to accumulate inventory slightly before the maintenance season. There are opportunities for long - term buying on dips, but short - term correction risks should be noted [28] - For PTA, it is expected to enter the Spring Festival inventory - accumulation stage after short - term inventory reduction. There are opportunities for long - term buying on dips, but short - term over - expectation correction risks should be noted [30] - For ethylene glycol, the industry has high overall load, and the port inventory - accumulation cycle will continue. In the medium term, valuation compression is expected without further production cuts [32] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Crude Oil - **Market Information**: INE's main crude oil futures closed down 1.20 yuan/barrel, a 0.27% decline, at 441.80 yuan/barrel. Singapore's ESG gasoline and diesel inventories increased, while fuel oil and total refined oil inventories decreased [2] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: Maintain a range - trading strategy of buying low and selling high, but wait and see for now to verify OPEC's export price - support intention [3] Methanol - **Market Information**: Regional spot prices in some areas decreased. The main futures contract decreased by 1 yuan/ton to 2161 yuan/ton, and MTO profit was 40 yuan [4] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: After the bullish factors are realized, the market consolidates. With high import arrivals and expected port olefin plant maintenance, there is still pressure on the port. A wait - and - see approach is recommended for single - side trading [5] Urea - **Market Information**: Regional spot prices in some areas increased. The main futures contract increased by 5 yuan/ton to 1740 yuan/ton, and the overall basis was - 30 yuan/ton [7] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: The market is oscillating higher. Demand has improved in the short term, and supply is expected to decline seasonally. Buying on dips is recommended [9] Rubber - **Market Information**: Rubber prices rose significantly. There are different views among bulls and bears. The start - up load of domestic tire enterprises showed different trends, and social inventory increased [11][12][13] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: A neutral - to - bullish short - term trading strategy is suggested, with a fast - in - and - out approach. A hedging position of buying RU2601 and selling RU2609 is recommended [15] PVC - **Market Information**: The PVC05 contract rose 75 yuan to 4832 yuan. The overall start - up rate decreased slightly, factory inventory decreased, and social inventory increased [15] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: The industry has low comprehensive profit, high supply, and weak demand. In the short term, sentiment drives a rebound, but in the medium term, a strategy of shorting on rallies is recommended before significant production cuts [17] Pure Benzene and Styrene - **Market Information**: The spot price of pure benzene was unchanged, and the futures price was unchanged. The spot and futures prices of styrene increased. Supply - side start - up rate increased, and port inventory increased. Demand - side start - up rate decreased [19] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: The non - integrated profit of styrene is neutral - to - low, with large upward valuation repair space. Before the first quarter of next year, going long on the non - integrated profit of styrene is recommended [20] Polyethylene - **Market Information**: The main futures contract of polyethylene rose 75 yuan/ton to 6465 yuan/ton. The upstream start - up rate increased slightly, and inventory decreased. The downstream start - up rate decreased [22] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: OPEC+ plans to suspend production growth in Q1 2026, and the price may have bottomed. Buying the LL5 - 9 spread on dips is recommended [23] Polypropylene - **Market Information**: The main futures contract of polypropylene rose 26 yuan/ton to 6292 yuan/ton. The upstream start - up rate decreased slightly, production and trader inventories decreased, and port inventory increased. The downstream start - up rate decreased [24] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: There is a supply surplus in the cost side. With high inventory pressure and weak supply - demand, the market may be supported when the supply - surplus situation changes in Q1 next year [25] PX, PTA, and Ethylene Glycol PX - **Market Information**: The PX03 contract rose 198 yuan to 7556 yuan. The PX load in China and Asia increased. Some domestic and overseas plants had changes in operation. PTA load decreased, and import volume increased [27] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: It is expected to accumulate inventory slightly before the maintenance season. There are opportunities for long - term buying on dips, but short - term correction risks should be noted [28] PTA - **Market Information**: The PTA05 contract rose 128 yuan to 5280 yuan. The PTA load decreased slightly, and some plants had changes in operation. Downstream load decreased, and inventory decreased [29] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: It is expected to enter the Spring Festival inventory - accumulation stage after short - term inventory reduction. There are opportunities for long - term buying on dips, but short - term over - expectation correction risks should be noted [30] Ethylene Glycol - **Market Information**: The EG05 contract rose 28 yuan to 3846 yuan. The supply - side load increased, and some domestic and overseas plants had changes in operation. Downstream load decreased, and port inventory increased [31] - **Strategy Viewpoint**: The industry has high overall load, and the port inventory - accumulation cycle will continue. In the medium term, valuation compression is expected without further production cuts [32]
价格狂飙!一盎司比一桶原油还贵 马斯克:这可不好!
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-28 15:04
本周,白银价格上演史诗级暴涨,COMEX白银期货周五暴涨超11%,现货白银暴涨超10%,再创历史 新高,年内累计涨幅达175%,迅猛涨势远超黄金。在近期暴涨后,现货白银价格已升至每盎司79.19美 元;与此同时,美国WTI原油期货价格收于每桶56.93美元。 这意味着,一盎司白银的价格已超过一桶美国原油——上一次出现这一情形还是在2020年4月份,当时 新冠疫情爆发重创能源价格,但之后油价很快收复了跌幅;再早的纪录则要追溯到1980年。 有分析认为,当前投资者和工业界对白银的需求近乎"来者不拒"。在投资方面,这种贵金属同时被以实 物和金融资产两种形式大量囤积,用于储存财富并对冲美元及其他货币面临的风险。 值得一提的是,特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克对白银价格上涨表示担忧。他在社交媒体平台发帖 称:"这可不好。白银在许多工业生产过程中都必不可少。"他此番言论是对一篇描述白银价格因"全球 供应严重短缺而暴涨"的帖子的回应。 马斯克的担忧主要源于白银在现代工业中的核心地位。与黄金不同,白银不仅仅是避险资产,更是工业 金属,其在太阳能电池板、电动汽车、电子产品及医疗设备中都具有不可替代的作用。 目前工业需求在白银总需求 ...
价格狂飙!一盎司比一桶原油还贵,马斯克:这可不好!
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-28 08:23
每经编辑|程鹏 毕陆名 向江林 本周,白银价格上演史诗级暴涨,COMEX白银期货周五暴涨超11%,现货白银暴涨超10%,再创历史新高,年内累计涨幅达175%,迅猛涨势远超黄金。 在近期暴涨后,现货白银价格已升至每盎司79.19美元;与此同时,美国WTI原油期货价格收于每桶56.93美元。 这意味着,一盎司白银的价格已超过一桶美国原油——上一次出现这一情形还是在2020年4月份,当时新冠疫情爆发重创能源价格,但之后油价很快收复 了跌幅;再早的纪录则要追溯到1980年。 有分析认为,当前投资者和工业界对白银的需求近乎"来者不拒"。在投资方面,这种贵金属同时被以实物和金融资产两种形式大量囤积,用于储存财富并 对冲美元及其他货币面临的风险。 值得一提的是,特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克对白银价格上涨表示担忧。他在社交媒体平台发帖称:"这可不好。白银在许多工业生产过程中都必不可 少。"他此番言论是对一篇描述白银价格因"全球供应严重短缺而暴涨"的帖子的回应。 马斯克的担忧主要源于白银在现代工业中的核心地位。与黄金不同,白银不仅仅是避险资产,更是工业金属,其在太阳能电池板、电动汽车、电子产品及 医疗设备中都具有不可替代的作用 ...
白银价格暴涨 一盎司白银>一桶原油 马斯克:这可不好!
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-28 07:58
Group 1 - The price of spot silver has surged to $79.19 per ounce, surpassing the price of WTI crude oil at $56.74 per barrel, a situation not seen since April 2020 [2] - Analysts note that the demand for silver from investors and the industrial sector is exceptionally high, with significant accumulation in both physical and financial forms for wealth storage and currency risk hedging [2] - The solar energy industry consumes nearly 30% of the annual silver production from mining and recycling, indicating strong industrial demand despite potential reductions in U.S. solar support [2] Group 2 - There is little prospect for a significant increase in silver supply, as global "pure silver" deposits are nearly exhausted, with most silver now being a byproduct of mining other metals like copper, gold, and zinc [3] - Some analysts warn that precious metal prices are at unsustainable levels, predicting a potential drop in silver prices to around $42 by the end of next year as enthusiasm for gold wanes [4] - The market has been in a supply shortage for five consecutive years, with a cumulative shortfall of approximately 25,500 tons expected from 2021 to 2025, driven by both short-term liquidity and long-term structural shortages [4]