[Table_Main] 证券研究报告 | 宏观点评 2025 年 09 月 30 日 宏观点评 证券分析师 程强 资格编号：S0120524010005 邮箱：chengqiang＠tebon.com.cn 戴琨 资格编号：S0120525070002 邮箱：daikun＠tebon.com.cn 研究助理 相关研究 制造业回升，非制造业徘徊 ——9 月 PMI 数据点评 核心观点：9 月 PMI 数据显示经济修复动能仍偏弱，复苏拐点尚不坚实。制造业 虽有小幅回升，但仍处收缩区间，生产扩张与订单修复之间的错位反映出需求支撑 不足；非制造业则徘徊在荣枯线附近，服务业需求下行、用工压力加大，景气度整 体偏弱。短期内，我们认为经济改善仍更多依赖政策托底，但终端需求不足和低价 压力或将制约整体复苏节奏。新一轮政策加码值得期待，近日国家发改委明确 5000 亿新型政策性金融工具规模已在积极推进，全部用于补充项目资本金，相关领域未 来有望获得更直接的资金支撑。此外，我们认为 10 月降准、降息概率或有所升高， 有望进一步降低企业投融资成本和居民购房成本，而补贴等消费刺激政策也有望 续力，稳定居民消费需求，短期内持续关注 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Views Manufacturing PMI - Supply: Manufacturing production picked up. In September, the production index was 51.9, up 1.1 from the previous month, and the supplier delivery time index was 50.8, up 0.3 from the previous month [3]. - Demand: Manufacturing demand rebounded. In September, the new order index was 49.7, up 0.2 from the previous month; the new export order index was 47.8, up 0.6 from the previous month; and the back - order index was 45.2, down 0.3 from the previous month [3]. - Supply - demand balance: The supply - demand relationship needs improvement. In September, the supply - demand index (demand - supply) was - 2.2, down 0.9 from the previous month, down 0.9 from the same period last year, and down 0.5 from the average of the past three years [3]. - Price: Manufacturing profitability contracted. In September, the raw material price index was 53.2, down 0.1 from the previous month; the ex - factory price index was 48.2, down 0.9 from the previous month. The difference between ex - factory price and raw material price was - 5.0, down 0.8 from the previous month [3]. - Inventory: De - stocking slowed down. In September, the finished goods inventory index was 48.2, up 1.4 from the previous month; the raw material inventory index was 48.5, up 0.5 from the previous month. The difference between new orders and finished goods inventory was 1.5, down 1.2 from the previous month [3]. Non - manufacturing PMI - Supply: Non - manufacturing employment slowed down. In September, the employment index was 45, down 0.6 from the previous month; among them, the construction industry was 39.7, down 3.9 from the previous month, and the service industry was 45.9, unchanged from the previous month. The supplier delivery time index was 51.1, down 0.2 from the previous month [4]. - Demand: Non - manufacturing domestic demand declined. In September, the new order index was 46, down 0.6 from the previous month; among them, the construction industry was 42.2, up 1.6 from the previous month, and the service industry was 46.7, down 1.0 from the previous month. The new export order index was 49.8, up 1.0 from the previous month, and the back - order index was 44.4, up 1.0 from the previous month [4]. - Price: Non - manufacturing industries exchanged price for volume. In September, the input price index was 49, down 1.3 from the previous month; among them, the construction industry was 47.2, down 7.4 from the previous month, and the service industry was 49.3, down 0.2 from the previous month. The sales price index was 47.3, down 1.3 from the previous month; among them, the construction industry was 48.1, down 1.6 from the previous month, and the service industry was 47.2, down 1.3 from the previous month [4]. - Inventory: De - stocking continued. In September, the inventory index was 44.9, down 0.8 from the previous month and down 0.2 from the same period last year [5] Summary by Directory Overview - Manufacturing PMI: Manufacturing sentiment improved, and enterprise production expansion accelerated. In September, the manufacturing PMI was 49.8, up 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [11]. - Non - manufacturing PMI: The non - manufacturing business activity index was 50.0, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, and the composite PMI output index was 50.6, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month [11]. Demand: Manufacturing Demand Improved, Non - manufacturing Demand Weakened - Manufacturing: Driven by the continuous release of policies such as the "Two New" policies, in September, the new order index was 49.7, up 0.2 from the previous month; the new export order index was 47.8, up 0.6 from the previous month; and the back - order index was 45.2, down 0.3 from the previous month [19]. - Non - manufacturing: In September, the new order index was 46, down 0.6 from the previous month, indicating a continued contraction in non - manufacturing order demand. The new export order index was 49.8, up 1.0 from the previous month, indicating a recovery in export demand. The back - order index was 44.4, up 1.0 from the previous month, indicating an accumulation of existing orders [19]. Supply: Manufacturing Production Recovered, Non - manufacturing Sentiment Declined - Manufacturing: In September, the production index was 51.9, up 1.1 from the previous month; the production and business activity expectation index was 54.1, up 0.4 from the previous month; the supplier delivery time index was 50.8, up 0.3 from the previous month; and the employment index was 48.5, up 0.6 from the previous month [23]. - Non - manufacturing: In September, the employment index was 45, down 0.6 from the previous month; the supplier delivery time index was 51.1, down 0.2 from the previous month; and the business activity expectation index was 55.7, down 0.5 from the previous month [23]. Price: Manufacturing Profitability Contracted, Non - manufacturing Price Cuts Continued - Manufacturing: In September, the raw material price index was 53.2, down 0.1 from the previous month; the ex - factory price index was 48.2, down 0.9 from the previous month; and the difference between ex - factory price and raw material price was - 5.0, down 0.8 from the previous month [31]. - Non - manufacturing: In September, the input price index was 49, down 1.3 from the previous month; the sales price index was 47.3, down 1.3 from the previous month [31]. Inventory: Manufacturing De - stocking Slowed Down, Non - manufacturing De - stocking Continued - Manufacturing: In September, the finished goods inventory index was 48.2, up 1.4 from the previous month; the raw material inventory index was 48.5, up 0.5 from the previous month; and the difference between new orders and finished goods inventory was 1.5, down 1.2 from the previous month [39]. - Non - manufacturing: In September, the inventory index was 44.9, down 0.8 from the previous month and down 0.2 from the same period last year [39]. - Comprehensive: In September, the composite PMI index was 50.6, up 0.1 from the previous month and up 0.2 from the same period last year, indicating an improvement in overall economic sentiment [39]

亚行驻柬埔寨机构负责人表示，2025年上半年，柬埔寨经济展现出韧性。低于预期的食品价格涨幅和燃 料成本下降有助于缓解通胀，同时工业活动保持强劲。展望未来，建筑业和旅游业有望继续复苏，农业 也将稳步增长，这些因素预示着柬埔寨经济将实现更加均衡和可持续的增长。 亚行下调柬埔寨今年经济增长预期 中新社金边9月30日电 (记者 杨强)受柬泰边境紧张局势以及对美国出口不确定性因素影响，亚洲开发银 行将柬埔寨2025年经济增长预期从6.1%下调至4.9%，2026年经济增长预期则从6.2%下调至5.0%。 亚行当地时间9月30日发布的信息指出，预计到2026年，柬埔寨经济将保持稳健增长，这得益于工业活 动持续走强和外国直接投资的稳定流入。 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 亚行最新一期《亚洲发展展望》报告显示，今年上半年柬埔寨通胀率大幅下降，从1月份的6.0%降至6 月份的1.6%。预计2025年和2026年通胀率平均为2.0%。工业继续成为柬埔寨经济增长的主要引擎，预 计2025年柬埔寨工业经济增长7.9%，2026年回升至8.3%。 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 亚行报告还预测柬埔寨服务业增速在2025年将放缓 ...

2025 年 09 月 30 日 企业生产积极性明显提升，高技术产业领先 分析师：罗云峰 S1050524060001 luoyf2@cfsc.com.cn 分析师：杨斐然 S1050524070001 yangfr@cfsc.com.cn 9 月制造业 PMI 为 49.8，环比继续回升 0.4；非制造业 PMI 为 50.0，环比下降 0.3；综合 PMI 产出指数为 50.6，环比上 升 0.1。 投资要点 ▌ 制造业：景气度明显改善 生产指数大幅提升提升 1.1 至 51.9，为近 6 个月高点。新订 单指数提升 0.2 至 49.7，其中新出口订单提升 0.6 至 47.8。 企业生产经营活动积极性明显提升：进口指标回升 0.1 至 48.1；原材料库存回升 0.5 至 48.5；生产回升带动采购量大 幅回升 1.2 至 51.6。 从行业看，从行业看，食品及酒饮料精制茶、汽车、铁路船 舶航空航天设备等行业生产指数和新订单指数均高于 54.0， 产需释放较快；木材加工及家具、石油煤炭及其他燃料加 工、非金属矿物制品等行业产需指数低于临界点。 企业盈利持续承压,供大于求的问题仍然比较突出。原材料购 进 ...

PMI 数据 2025 年 09 月 30 日 9 月 PMI: 新动能接力旧动能 - 中采 PMI 点评 (25.09) 事件: 9 月 30 日, 国家统计局公布 9 月 PMI 指数, 制造业 PMI 为 49.8%、前值 49.4%; 非制造业 PMI 为 50%、前值 50.3%。 核心观点：传统领域增长走弱下, 新动能景气明显回升, 需关注重点行业稳增长政策效果。 ● 制造业方面, 9 月 PMI 积极改善,结构上呈现生产指数修复好于新订单的格局。9 月制 造业 PMI 较前月回升 0.4pct 至 49.8%，整体符合季节性。从主要分项看，价格指数保持 韧性下，生产指数升至近 6 个月高点 (51.9%) ，较前月上行 1.1pct，明显好于季节性 (0.3pct) 。生产走强带动企业加快原材料采购,采购量指数回升 1.2pct 至 51.6%。而 新订单指数回升幅度不及往年同期（0.6pct），较前月仅上行 0.2pct 至 49.7%。 需求结构延续外需好于内需的态势, 表现为新出口订单回升幅度大于内需订单。拆分需求 结构看, 9 月, 新出口订单指数 ( +0.6pct 至 47.8% ) ...

核心观点：传统领域增长走弱下，新动能景气明显回升，需关注重点行业稳增长政策效果。 事件： 9月30日，国家统计局公布9月PMI指数，制造业PMI为49.8%、前值49.4%；非制造业PMI为50%、前值 50.3%。 制造业方面，9月PMI积极改善，结构上呈现生产指数修复好于新订单的格局。 9月制造业PMI较前月回升0.4pct 至49.8%，整体符合季节性。从主要分项看，价格指数保持韧性下，生产指数升至近6个月高点（51.9%），较前 月上行1.1pct，明显好于季节性（0.3pct）。生产走强带动企业加快原材料采购，采购量指数回升1.2pct至 51.6%。而新订单指数回升幅度不及往年同期（0.5pct），较前月仅上行0.2pct至49.7%。 需求结构延续外需好于内需的态势，表现为新出口订单回升幅度大于内需订单。 拆分需求结构看，9月，新出口 订单指数（+0.6pct至47.8%）上行幅度明显好于内需订单（+0.1pct至50%）。今年以来，外需改善叠加中国在新 兴市场的份额提升，支撑出口持续超预期；高频指标显示，9月外贸货运量同比上行1.8pct至7.8%，说明出口仍 维持韧性。 观察行业看，代表新动 ...

宏 观 研 究 PMI 数据 2025 年 09 月 30 日 9 月 PMI：新动能接力旧动能 —— 中采 PMI 点评（25.09） 事件：9 月 30 日，国家统计局公布 9 月 PMI 指数，制造业 PMI 为 49.8%、前值 49.4%； 非制造业 PMI 为 50%、前值 50.3%。 ⚫ 核心观点：传统领域增长走弱下，新动能景气明显回升，需关注重点行业稳增长政策效果。 制造业方面，9 月 PMI 积极改善，结构上呈现生产指数修复好于新订单的格局。9 月制 造业 PMI 较前月回升 0.4pct 至 49.8%，整体符合季节性。从主要分项看，价格指数保持 韧性下，生产指数升至近 6 个月高点（51.9%），较前月上行 1.1pct，明显好于季节性 （0.3pct）。生产走强带动企业加快原材料采购，采购量指数回升 1.2pct 至 51.6%。而 新订单指数回升幅度不及往年同期（0.6pct），较前月仅上行 0.2pct 至 49.7%。 需求结构延续外需好于内需的态势，表现为新出口订单回升幅度大于内需订单。拆分需求 结构看，9 月，新出口订单指数（+0.6pct 至 47.8%）上行幅度明显好于 ...

Group 1: Industrial Profit Growth - In the first eight months of 2025, the total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 46,929.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.9% [2][4] - State-owned enterprises reported a profit of 15,156.5 billion yuan, down 1.7% year-on-year, while private enterprises saw a profit increase of 3.3% to 13,076.1 billion yuan [2][4] - The manufacturing sector achieved a profit of 35,233.5 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 7.4% [4] Group 2: R&D Investment - In 2024, China's R&D expenditure reached 36,326.8 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9% compared to the previous year [6][7] - The intensity of R&D investment, measured as a percentage of GDP, rose to 2.69%, up by 0.11 percentage points [6] - Basic research funding grew by 10.7% to 2,500.9 billion yuan, while applied research funding increased by 17.6% to 4,305.5 billion yuan [6][7] Group 3: Electricity Market Transactions - In the first eight months of 2025, the total electricity market transaction volume was 43,442 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 7.0% [9] - By August 2025, the electricity market transaction volume reached 6,550 billion kWh, reflecting an 11.6% increase year-on-year [9] Group 4: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) - In September 2025, the manufacturing PMI was recorded at 49.8%, indicating a slight improvement in manufacturing sentiment [13][21] - The non-manufacturing business activity index stood at 50.0%, showing stability in the non-manufacturing sector [18][20] - The comprehensive PMI output index was 50.6%, suggesting continued expansion in production activities [21]

Group 1: PMI Overview - In September, the manufacturing PMI was 49.8%, up from 49.4% in the previous month[2] - The non-manufacturing PMI stood at 50.0%, slightly down from 50.3%[2] - The manufacturing PMI's increase aligns with seasonal trends, with a month-on-month rise of 0.4 percentage points (pct) compared to the previous value[2] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The production index rose to 51.9% (+1.1pct), indicating stronger supply than demand[2] - The new orders index increased to 49.7% (+0.2pct), while the new export orders index was at 47.8% (+0.6pct), showing resilience in external demand[2] - Overall, the supply-demand balance remains skewed towards supply exceeding demand[2] Group 3: Price Index Trends - The price index declined after three consecutive increases, with the main raw material purchase price index at 53.2% (-0.1pct) and the factory price index at 48.2% (-0.9pct)[2] - This reflects a weakening impact of "anti-involution" policies on upstream raw material prices, shifting focus to the actual implementation of policies[2] Group 4: Sector Performance - The equipment manufacturing PMI rose to 51.9% (+1.4pct), marking the highest point since March[2] - The consumer goods sector PMI increased to 50.6% (+1.4pct), driven by seasonal demand ahead of the upcoming holidays[2] - The high-energy-consuming industries PMI fell to 47.5% (-0.7pct), consistent with previous price index trends[2] Group 5: Non-Manufacturing Sector Insights - The non-manufacturing PMI decreased by 0.3pct to 50.0%, slightly below the five-year average[2] - In the service sector, travel-related consumption saw a seasonal decline, while financial services maintained high activity levels[2] - The construction PMI was at 49.3% (+0.2pct), with weather conditions impacting project initiation[2]

——2025 年 9 月 PMI 数据点评 陈曦（分析师） 王帅中（联系人） 事件点评 2025 年 09 月 30 日 制造业持续复苏，景气水平整体保持扩张 固定收益研究团队 chenxi2@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790521100002 wangshuaizhong@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790125070016 分行业看，高技术制造业 PMI 为 51.6%（51.9%），装备制造业 PMI 为 51.9% （50.5%），消费品行业 PMI 为 50.6%（49.2%），基础原材料行业 PMI 为 47.5% （48.2%）。9 月消费品行业 PMI 重回扩张区间，装备制造业 PMI 持续提升，装 备制造业、高技术制造业和消费品行业 PMI 均高于制造业总体，处于扩张区间。 从构成指数看，生产指数为 51.9%（50.8%），新订单指数为 49.7%（49.5%），原 材料库存指数为 48.5%（48.0%），从业人员指数为 48.5%（47.9%），供应商配送 时间指数为 50.8%（50.5%）。生产指数环比提升 1.1pct，连续 5 个月位于扩张区 间，升至近 6 个月高点 ...