报告由中国企业改革与发展研究会在2025能源转型大会开幕式上发布。报告指出，当前，全球能源转型 正处在挑战与机遇并存的十字路口。政策方面，多国能源政策面临分歧，受地缘政治与能源安全需求影 响，部分国家调整能源政策；技术方面，清洁能源技术发展明显分化，太阳能光伏、风电、电动汽车等 领域成果显著，绿氢等技术仍存在瓶颈。 今年是能源转型大会连续第七年在北京市昌平区未来科学城"能源谷"举办。本届大会为期三天，主题聚 焦"加快企地协同创新，共谋绿色转型发展"，包括一场开幕式暨全体大会、两场重点活动、一场技术交 流活动、六场专题会议，设置"能源谷"参观、项目路演等多样化活动。(完) 中新社北京11月22日电 (记者 陈杭)22日在北京发布的《全球能源转型报告(2025)》显示，全球能源转型 已进入化石能源向新能源跨越的关键阶段，呈现出从高碳到低碳，从低碳向零碳的发展趋势。 报告指出，展望未来，全球能源贸易流向正发生转变，随着大力发展可再生能源，中国已从全球最大的 能源进口国转型为全球最大的清洁技术出口国；人工智能与能源将协同进化，人工智能在能源预测、电 网优化等领域的应用，正重塑能源全产业链效率。 报告显示，全球能源转型 ...

Core Insights - The global data center investment is projected to reach $580 billion, surpassing investments in the oil sector, which are estimated at $540 billion [8] - The International Energy Agency (IEA) emphasizes that the current surge in electricity consumption is not limited to emerging economies but is also significantly driven by developed economies due to the demand from data centers and artificial intelligence [2][3] - By 2035, global energy demand is expected to rise from 654 exajoules (EJ) to 705 EJ, with electricity demand projected to increase by approximately 40% under current and stated policy scenarios [1][3] Investment Trends - The IEA forecasts that total investment in the energy sector will reach approximately $3.3 trillion in 2025, marking a 2% increase from 2024 and setting a historical high [1] - Investment in low-emission power, grids, low-emission fuels, energy efficiency, and end-use sectors is expected to rise from $1 trillion a decade ago to over $2 trillion by 2024, accounting for more than 60% of global investment [3] Electricity Demand Dynamics - The demand for electricity is anticipated to grow explosively, particularly driven by data centers and AI, with a projected annual growth rate exceeding 4% starting in 2024 [8] - By 2030, AI-optimized server electricity consumption is expected to increase fivefold, leading to a doubling of global data center electricity usage from current levels [8] Renewable Energy Outlook - Renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind, are expected to meet the rising electricity demand, with solar photovoltaic demand growing the fastest [9] - The global nuclear power capacity is projected to increase by at least one-third by 2035, indicating a potential revival of nuclear energy [9] Infrastructure Challenges - The IEA highlights that while investment in generation has surged nearly 70% since 2015, annual investment in the grid has not kept pace, raising concerns about energy security [11] - Over 85% of new data center capacity is expected to be concentrated in the US, China, and the EU, which may exacerbate existing grid burdens [11] Strategic Mineral Supply Concerns - The market for critical minerals essential for the energy transition is highly concentrated, with a single country dominating the refining of 19 out of 20 strategic minerals [12] - Approximately 7.3 billion people still lack access to electricity, with significant disparities in coverage, particularly in rural and underdeveloped areas [12]

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) released the "World Energy Outlook 2025" report, highlighting that approximately 730 million people globally still lack access to electricity and that climate risks are intensifying [1] - The report indicates that global targets for energy accessibility and climate change response have not been met, but achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century could help limit long-term temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees Celsius [1] Energy Demand Trends - The report forecasts that electricity demand will grow at a rate significantly faster than overall energy consumption, driven primarily by data centers and artificial intelligence, particularly in developed economies and China [1] - Renewable energy, especially solar photovoltaic, is expected to see the fastest growth in demand, with China maintaining its position as the largest renewable energy market globally [1] Nuclear and Fossil Fuels Outlook - A revival in nuclear energy is anticipated, with global nuclear power capacity expected to increase by at least one-third by 2035 [1] - In the short term, global oil and natural gas supplies are projected to be generally sufficient, although geopolitical risks remain a concern [1] Recommendations for Future Energy Strategy - The IEA urges countries to accelerate the diversification of energy structures and deepen international cooperation to address future uncertainties and risks [1]

新华社巴黎11月12日电 （记者崔可欣）国际能源署12日发布的《2025年世界能源展望》报告说，全球 约有7.3亿人仍无法获得电力供应，并且气候风险日益加剧。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年11月13日 14 版） 报告说，在能源可及性和应对气候变化方面，全球尚未达标。但报告也指出，如果全球在本世纪中叶实 现净零排放目标，长期升温幅度仍有望控制在1.5摄氏度以内。 (责编：赵欣悦、袁勃) 报告还探讨了未来能源的发展趋势。在报告预设的情景中，电力需求的增长速度远超整体能源使用量， 数据中心和人工智能带来的电力需求爆炸式增长主要集中在发达经济体和中国；以太阳能光伏为代表的 可再生能源需求增速最快，中国将维持其全球最大可再生能源市场的地位；核能有望复苏，预计到2035 年，全球核电装机容量至少将增长1/3；短期内全球石油和天然气供应总体充足，但地缘政治风险仍 存。 国际能源署呼吁各国加快能源结构多元化，深化国际合作，应对未来的不确定性与风险。 ...

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) report highlights that approximately 730 million people globally still lack access to electricity, while climate risks are intensifying [1] - The report indicates that global energy accessibility and climate change response have not met targets, but achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century could keep long-term temperature rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius [1] - The report discusses future energy trends, noting that electricity demand is expected to grow significantly faster than overall energy use, driven mainly by data centers and artificial intelligence in developed economies and China [1] Energy Demand and Supply - Renewable energy demand, particularly solar photovoltaic, is projected to grow the fastest, with China maintaining its position as the largest renewable energy market globally [1] - Nuclear energy is expected to see a revival, with global nuclear power capacity projected to increase by at least one-third by 2035 [1] - In the short term, global oil and natural gas supply is generally sufficient, although geopolitical risks remain a concern [1] Recommendations and Future Outlook - The IEA calls for countries to accelerate energy diversification and deepen international cooperation to address future uncertainties and risks [1]

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) emphasizes that energy issues are central to economic and national security due to immediate threats and long-term risks [1] - The energy landscape is increasingly shaped by geopolitical tensions and supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly concerning critical minerals [2] Group 1: Energy Security and Supply Chain Risks - The supply chain for critical minerals is highly concentrated, with a single country dominating the refining of 19 out of 20 strategic minerals, averaging a market share of about 70% [2] - Over half of the strategic minerals are subject to some form of export control as of November 2025, highlighting the urgent need to enhance resilience against weather-related risks and cyber threats [2] Group 2: Electricity Demand and Economic Impact - Electricity demand is projected to grow approximately 40% by 2035 in established and committed policy scenarios, and over 50% in net-zero scenarios by 2050 [3] - Data center investments are expected to reach $580 billion by 2025, surpassing global oil supply expenditures of $540 billion, indicating a significant shift in energy consumption patterns [3] Group 3: Shifts in Global Energy Demand - The center of global energy demand is shifting from China to emerging economies like India and Southeast Asia, with these regions increasingly shaping energy market dynamics [4] - From 2010 onwards, China accounted for over half of the global oil and gas demand growth, but this trend is expected to diversify as new emerging economies contribute to future growth [4] Group 4: Renewable Energy Growth - Renewable energy, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV), is growing faster than any other major energy source, with China expected to account for 45%-60% of global deployment in the next decade [5] - The growth of renewable technologies is accompanied by significant advancements in energy efficiency [5] Group 5: Nuclear Energy Revival - Over 40 countries are incorporating nuclear energy into their strategies, with more than 70 GW of new nuclear capacity currently under construction, marking the highest level in 30 years [6] - The global nuclear capacity is expected to increase by at least one-third by 2035, driven by innovations and new business models [6]

Core Insights - The rise of the Global South is a tangible economic and technological reality, marking a return to development autonomy and reflecting the inherent requirements of inclusive multilateralism advocated by the United Nations [3] - Africa's energy independence is crucial for its development, emphasizing the need for African nations to control their energy resources and transition towards sustainable energy solutions [4][10] Group 1: Global South and Energy Trends - The Global South's rise is no longer a conceptual political narrative but a concrete economic and technological reality, indicating a shift towards development autonomy [3] - By 2030, Africa is expected to increase its renewable energy capacity by approximately 70 gigawatts, doubling its existing installed capacity, with South Africa contributing to 40% of this growth [3] - The African Energy Chamber aims to ensure that Africa not only participates in the global energy transition but also occupies a significant position in the new energy landscape [3] Group 2: Challenges to Energy Independence - Despite the potential, Africa faces significant challenges on the path to energy independence, including policy uncertainty and financing issues, which are critical constraints on renewable energy adoption [5] - High-interest rates in Global South countries can consume up to 60% of the costs of clean energy projects, while inadequate grid infrastructure remains a key bottleneck [5] Group 3: Sino-African Energy Cooperation - China has become an indispensable strategic partner for African nations, with significant investments in renewable energy projects, particularly solar and wind, which account for 59% of China's energy projects in Africa [6] - From 2020 to 2024, China's exports related to solar and wind energy to Africa surged by 153%, highlighting the growing collaboration in the energy sector [6] Group 4: Diverse Energy Cooperation Areas - Sino-African energy cooperation is diversifying, with solar photovoltaic industries leading renewable energy growth in Africa, and significant investments in energy infrastructure by Chinese companies [8] - Africa is developing a diverse energy structure based on its resource advantages, with Ethiopia increasing its hydropower capacity by 4.2 gigawatts through the Grand Renaissance Dam [8] Group 5: Future Prospects and Inclusive Energy Development - The future of African energy development is promising, with projected capital expenditures in the oil and gas sector reaching $43 billion by 2025 and $54 billion by 2030 [9] - African nations are actively pursuing emerging fields like green hydrogen, with countries such as Mauritania, Namibia, and South Africa leading large-scale development efforts [9]

在强有力的政府政策、丰富的太阳能与风能资源以及宏大的净零目标共同推动下，澳大利亚正经历一场 快速的能源转型。 全球领先的数据分析公司GlobalData发布报告称，预计到2035年，可再生能源将占澳大利亚总发电量的 73.3%。GlobalData的最新报告《澳大利亚电力市场按容量、发电、输电、配电、法规、主要参与者分 析和预测至2035年》揭示，可再生能源也将在澳大利亚的装机容量结构中占据主导地位，到2035年占比 将达到77.8%。这标志着一次显著转变：2024年，可再生能源仅占装机容量的48%和发电量的31.6%，而 火电则占据了44%的装机容量和63.4%的发电量。 GlobalData电力分析师穆罕默德·齐亚丁（Mohammed Ziauddin）评论道："澳大利亚的能源转型正得到多 项政策的支持，包括'可再生能源目标（Renewable Energy Target, RET）'、'容量投资计划（Capacity Investment Scheme, CIS）'和'重塑国家电网（Rewiring the Nation）'倡议，以及各州层面的可再生能源 目标。这些措施，加上屋顶太阳能的广泛普及和大规模 ...

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that global renewable energy generation capacity will double by 2030, increasing by 4600 GW, with solar power accounting for nearly 80% of this growth [1][2]. Group 1: Renewable Energy Growth - By 2030, global renewable energy generation capacity is expected to double, adding 4600 GW, equivalent to the total generation capacity of China, the EU, and Japan combined [1]. - Solar photovoltaic capacity is projected to more than double, leading the growth in renewable energy due to low costs, faster approval processes, and broad social acceptance [2]. - Wind energy capacity is also expected to nearly double, reaching over 2000 GW, despite facing supply chain issues and rising costs [2]. Group 2: Policy Impact and Regional Variations - The growth forecast for global renewable energy capacity has been slightly downgraded by 5% due to policy changes in the US and China, with the US forecast reduced by nearly 50% [2][3]. - India is expected to become the second-largest growth market for renewable energy, with capacity projected to increase 2.5 times by 2030, driven by higher bidding volumes and support for rooftop solar projects [3]. - The Middle East and North Africa region saw a 25% upward revision in forecasts, primarily due to rapid solar growth in Saudi Arabia [3]. Group 3: Financial Challenges in the Industry - Major manufacturers of solar and wind energy report significant losses, with solar prices in China dropping over 60% since 2023, leading to a profit margin of -10% for the largest manufacturers [4][5]. - Despite financial challenges, renewable energy developers have maintained or increased their deployment targets for 2030, with 20% of surveyed developers raising their goals [5]. Group 4: Supply Chain and Integration Challenges - The offshore wind industry faces multiple challenges, with growth forecasts downgraded by over 25% due to policy shifts and rising costs [6]. - The supply chain for solar photovoltaic and wind turbine components is highly concentrated in a single country, raising supply chain security risks [6]. - By 2030, intermittent renewable energy is expected to supply nearly 30% of global electricity, necessitating increased flexibility and investment in grid infrastructure [6]. Group 5: Renewable Energy in Heat and Transport - The share of renewable energy in transport energy demand is projected to rise from 4% to 6% by 2030, driven by electric vehicle usage and liquid biofuels [7]. - Renewable energy is expected to account for 18% of global heat demand by 2030, up from 14%, with a 42% increase in renewable heat consumption primarily from industrial and building sectors [7].

Core Insights - The Middle East is at a critical juncture between old and new growth models, driven by global energy transition, technological revolution, and geopolitical rebalancing, leading to profound structural changes in this traditionally resource-based economy [1][2][5] - Governments in the region are pushing for economic diversification and localization of industries, with long-term development visions such as Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and the UAE's Centennial 2071, indicating a clear trajectory towards diversification, digitization, and greening of the economy [1][5][29] Economic Trends - The Middle East is experiencing a mild recovery, with economic growth driven by the expansion of non-oil industries, accelerated infrastructure investment, and the implementation of structural reforms [5][7] - GCC countries maintain moderate to high growth due to fiscal stability and policy continuity, while non-GCC countries face economic disparities influenced by inflation and debt pressures [7][12] Investment Landscape - The region's non-oil industries, particularly tourism, finance, and ICT, are becoming new growth engines, supported by government policies [7][12] - The political landscape is characterized by low-intensity conflicts, affecting investment expectations and energy supply chains, while countries with stable diplomatic relations are emerging as political buffers and strategic intermediaries [13][16] Social Dynamics - The demographic structure shows a significant polarization, with a high proportion of young people providing potential consumer and labor force benefits, contrasted by high unemployment rates in non-GCC countries [16][50] - Digital transformation is a core driver of social restructuring, with GCC countries moving towards digital governance, enhancing market transparency and marketing efficiency [16][60] Trade Relations - In 2024, trade between China and the Middle East is projected to approach $490 billion, reflecting a trend of declining resource trade and increasing high-tech product trade [22][24] - GCC countries are becoming key investment and cooperation hubs for Chinese enterprises, marking a shift towards deeper interconnectivity in economic relations [22][24] Sectoral Opportunities - Advanced manufacturing is viewed as a key engine for economic diversification, with countries attracting global manufacturing enterprises through industrial clusters and free zone policies [60] - AI and digital economy are becoming central to the competitive landscape, with significant investments in data centers, cloud infrastructure, and AI governance frameworks [63][65]