新华财经北京1月5日电（王菁）多层次债券市场建设再传关键信号。日前，北京证券交易所发布《非公 开发行公司债券挂牌规则（征求意见稿）》，正式就私募债业务规则向社会公开征求意见。此举不仅是 北交所自2023年10月推出公募债后，完善信用债市场产品体系的又一里程碑，更是其落实国家战略、提 升服务实体经济广度与深度的重要举措，标志着我国交易所债券市场进入产品更完备、服务更精细的新 阶段。 业内人士表示，在当前深化金融供给侧结构性改革、着力做好"金融五篇大文章"的背景下，债券市场作 为直接融资的主渠道，其功能拓展备受关注。北交所此番拟推出私募债券，正是响应市场多元化融资需 求、补齐服务短板的主动作为。从公募到私募，北交所正加速构建一个能覆盖不同规模、信用等级和融 资需求企业的全谱系债券融资平台，为资本市场注入新的活力。 规则透视：立足规范运作，筑牢投资者保护墙 具体来看，此次征求意见的《挂牌规则》共8章90条，内容全面系统，对私募债券挂牌转让的全流程、 各参与方权责利进行了清晰界定，其诸多细节设计体现了监管的匠心与远见，为私募债市场健康起步构 筑了坚实框架。 首先，在准入与流动性平衡上体现了规则的精准把握。《挂牌规则》 ...

来源：信托圈内人 当北方的寒风裹着雪花敲打着写字楼的玻璃窗，南方的阴雨漫过城投公司亮着通宵灯的会议室，每年这个时 候，中国成千上万家城投平台的融资人们都心照不宣——十二月的 "融资冲刺战"，又开打了。 这不是一场温柔的竞赛，而是一场与时间、资金、监管博弈的硬仗。 有人戏称，城投人的十二月，茶杯里泡出的不是龙井，是一张张融资协议的草稿；手机里的聊天记录，一半 是 "利率能不能再降点"，一半是 "款能不能本周到账"。若说城投是地方经济的 "基建毛细血管"，那十二月 的融资潮，就是给这些血管紧急输血的 "年度大输液"。 更棘手的是债务到期的 "堰塞湖"。城投债的到期高峰往往集中在年末，2025 年上半年城投债净融资连续五 个月为负，到了十二月，旧债的利息、本金扎堆到期，若不能及时融到新钱，轻则项目停工，重则触发区域 信用风险。山东、河南的一些区县城投，甚至要在一周内对接七八家融资中介，只为凑齐偿还非标债务的资 金——那些年化14%-20% 的高成本非标，像根扎进肉里的刺，拔不掉，又疼得钻心。 还有财政结算的 "隐形要求"。地方财政要在年末完成收支平衡，城投作为政府的 "钱袋子"，既要消化当年 的支出缺口，又要为来年 ...

Group 1: Research Conclusion and Core View - The report focuses on the opportunities brought by the pricing deviation of perpetual bonds in the credit bond market. In a low - volatility environment, the year - end support for credit bonds mainly comes from the demand of allocation - type institutions, but the intensity of pre - emptive actions should not be over - expected. The report suggests three main directions for exploring urban investment bonds: (1) conduct more credit spreading within 3 years; (2) select bonds with a steep yield curve (>25bp) and certain liquidity between 3 - 5 years; (3) pay attention to the pricing deviation of perpetual and private placement bonds [5][8]. Group 2: Credit Bond Weekly Review 2.1 Negative Information Monitoring - From November 17 to November 23, 2025, the long - term issuer credit rating of Longfor Group Holdings Limited was downgraded from "BB" to "BB -" by S&P, and its senior unsecured notes' long - term rating was downgraded from "BB -" to "B+". Also, several companies had major negative events, such as Xinyuan (China) Real Estate Co., Ltd. with debt overdue and multiple major lawsuits, and Guanghui Automobile Service Co., Ltd. involved in an execution case [13][14]. 2.2 Primary Market Issuance - From November 17 to November 23, the issuance volume of credit bonds exceeded 400 billion yuan again, reaching 403.8 billion yuan, a 49% increase from the previous period. The total repayment amount increased to 262.3 billion yuan, resulting in a net financing of 141.6 billion yuan. The number of cancelled or postponed bond issuances increased to 5, with a total scale of 5.5 billion yuan. The primary issuance cost increased slightly, with the average coupon rates of AAA and AA+ bonds rising by 5bp and 7bp respectively [15][16]. 2.3 Secondary Market Trading - Last week, the valuations of credit bonds with different ratings and maturities fluctuated narrowly, with most remaining unchanged. The credit spreads narrowed at the short - end and widened at the long - end. The 3Y - 1Y term spreads of each rating narrowed, while the 5Y - 1Y term spreads widened slightly. The AA - AAA grade spread widened by 2bp for 3 - year bonds and narrowed by 3bp for 5 - year bonds. The credit spreads of urban investment bonds in each province were mostly flat or narrowed, with Yunnan having the largest narrowing of 3bp. The industry spreads of industrial bonds fluctuated within ±1bp, with the real estate industry narrowing by 3bp. The weekly turnover rate increased by 0.19pct to 1.89%. Among real - estate enterprises, the spreads of Times Holdings, Rongqiao, Yuzhou Hongtu, and Vanke widened significantly [18][20][24].

Group 1: Investment Strategy for Industrial Bonds - The report emphasizes that the coupon strategy is superior to the duration strategy, with a focus on identifying yield enhancement opportunities [3][13] - It suggests that within the 2Y-1Y range, riding the yield curve can effectively balance risk and return, as the yield spread for industrial bonds is generally greater than that of local government bonds [19][15] - The report highlights that the yield spread for perpetual bonds is limited, but certain bonds with thicker spreads within 3Y can provide value for allocation [8][19] Group 2: Industry Analysis - In the construction sector, the report notes that the industry is facing increasing competition, with a lack of fundamental support for valuation, leading to continued volatility [8][19] - The steel industry is experiencing weak demand and cost pressures, with a focus on winter storage as a potential short-term strategy [8][19] - In the coal sector, supply constraints and expectations of a cold winter are expected to support coal prices, with a focus on high-valuation companies like Jinneng Group [8][19] - The real estate market anticipates increased policy support in Q4, with state-owned enterprises showing significant absolute returns [8][19] - In the non-ferrous metals sector, the report indicates that the copper price is expected to rise due to ongoing supply adjustments, while aluminum prices are projected to remain stable [8][19] - The cement industry is facing supply-demand imbalances, with limited opportunities for investment due to low yield spreads [8][19] - Overall, the report concludes that the value of digging deeper into industrial bonds is limited, and maintaining a conventional allocation strategy is advisable [8][19]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core View of the Report - The current bond market is in a pricing dilemma with long - term interest rates remaining flat, making band - trading difficult. Investors are turning to coupon assets. Seeking relatively cost - effective assets may be a better choice[1][10] - Focus on varieties and entities with large yield increases but slow repair processes during the July - November bond market adjustment - repair cycle, as they may experience a catch - up rally[2][10] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Credit Market Performance Analysis - From November 10 - 14, interest - rate bonds fluctuated narrowly, and the yield curve flattened. General credit bonds performed weakly with most credit spreads widening slightly. Bank secondary and perpetual (two - Yong) bonds had a catch - up rally, outperforming general credit bonds[9] - For general credit bonds, medium - to high - grade long - term varieties were severely affected and repaired slowly during the bond market adjustment. From July 7 to November 14, the yields of 7 - 15 - year AAA and AA+ urban investment bonds increased significantly by 25 - 40bp, and credit spreads widened by 6 - 10bp, with 30 - year spreads widening by 12 - 14bp[2][10] - Some private and perpetual bonds had weaker performance than ordinary bonds during the adjustment - repair cycle, with higher current variety spreads. There are opportunities to obtain higher coupons by sacrificing some liquidity[3][14] 3.2 Investment Opportunity Recommendations - For general credit bonds, pay attention to medium - to high - grade long - term varieties and some issuers of 2 - 3 - year or 3 - 5 - year credit bonds with large yield adjustments[2][12] - Focus on entities with excess returns in perpetual bonds. 37 entities were screened based on certain criteria such as implicit rating, bond stock, average yield, and variety spread[3][16] - Bank two - Yong bonds still have cost - effectiveness compared to general credit bonds. However, they face challenges due to the unimplemented new regulations on fund sales fees and are more suitable for accounts with relatively stable liability ends or those insensitive to drawdowns[3][18] - Three - year medium - to high - grade securities company subordinated bonds have a coupon advantage over the same - term and same - grade bank secondary capital bonds, suitable for accounts with low liquidity requirements[5][20] 3.3 Specific Bond Type Analysis 3.3.1 Urban Investment Bonds - From November 1 - 16, 2025, urban investment bond net financing was negative, and the outflow scale increased. The issuance rate dropped significantly to a historical low. In the secondary market, the 3 - 5 - year market cooled, and credit spreads widened slightly[26][27] 3.3.2 Industrial Bonds - In November, industrial bond issuance and net financing increased year - on - year. The 3 - 5 - year issuance proportion increased significantly, and the issuance rate declined across the board, with a larger decline in the 3 - 5 - year segment[34][35]

Core Viewpoint - The new Securities Law has significantly transformed China's bond market over the past five years, enhancing its marketization, rule of law, and internationalization, thereby injecting strong momentum into the high-quality development of the Chinese economy [1][2]. Group 1: Legal Foundation - The new Securities Law has unified the regulation of corporate credit bonds, eliminating regulatory arbitrage and establishing a solid legal foundation for the bond market [2]. - The law emphasizes a shift from administrative approval to a market-oriented registration system for bond issuance, significantly simplifying issuance conditions [3][4]. Group 2: Issuance and Disclosure - The registration system under the new law focuses on the issuer's qualifications and the authenticity of information disclosure, enhancing transparency and accountability [4]. - The average time for bond registration has been reduced to 7 working days in 2023, an 80% decrease compared to the previous approval system [4]. Group 3: Trading and Risk Pricing - The new law aims to break the myth of rigid repayment, fostering a risk pricing mechanism that respects market principles and enhances the contract spirit [5][6]. - The bond market has seen a significant reduction in the rolling default rate from 0.88% in 2019 to 0.05% in 2023, indicating a shift towards rational pricing [6]. Group 4: Regulatory Enhancements - The new Securities Law has increased penalties for securities violations, enhancing the deterrent effect against illegal activities in the capital market [7][8]. - Regulatory bodies have adopted a zero-tolerance approach to fraud and misconduct, significantly improving market integrity and investor protection [8]. Group 5: Economic Impact - The bond market has played a crucial role in stabilizing the economy during crises, such as the issuance of 1 trillion yuan in special bonds to counter the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [9][10]. - The issuance of green bonds has surged from 201.8 billion yuan in 2016 to 683.3 billion yuan in 2024, supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy [10]. Group 6: Market Structure and Innovation - The bond market has diversified its product offerings, including green bonds and innovative financial instruments, to meet the financing needs of various sectors [11][12]. - Digital transformation initiatives, including the use of blockchain technology, are enhancing operational efficiency and transparency in the bond market [12][13]. Group 7: Internationalization and Openness - The bond market has accelerated its internationalization, with the issuance of panda bonds exceeding 1 trillion yuan, reflecting growing foreign interest [14][15]. - The inclusion of Chinese government bonds in major global indices has enhanced the international influence of the renminbi [15]. Group 8: Future Outlook - The bond market must continue to strengthen risk prevention measures and enhance its regulatory framework to address challenges such as local government debt [16][17]. - Ongoing reforms should focus on improving the market's resilience and aligning with international standards to enhance competitiveness [21][22].

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the new Securities Law over the past five years has significantly advanced the legal framework of the bond market in China, focusing on registration system reform and zero-tolerance regulation, thereby enhancing the bond market's ability to support national strategies and manage risks [1][2]. Group 1: Legal Foundation - The new Securities Law has unified the regulation of corporate credit bonds, eliminating regulatory arbitrage and establishing a solid legal foundation for the bond market [3]. - The transition from administrative approval to a market-based registration system has streamlined the bond issuance process, significantly reducing the time required for bond registration [4][5]. Group 2: Trading Mechanism - The breaking of rigid repayment guarantees has led to the establishment of a risk pricing mechanism, enhancing market efficiency and accountability [6][7][8]. - The bond market has seen a reduction in the rolling default rate from 0.88% in 2019 to 0.05% in 2023, indicating a shift towards rational pricing and maturity in the market [8]. Group 3: Regulatory Environment - The new Securities Law has increased penalties for securities violations, enhancing the deterrent effect against illegal activities and improving market integrity [9]. - The regulatory framework has been strengthened to ensure that securities service institutions are held accountable for the accuracy and completeness of their reports [9]. Group 4: Economic Support - The bond market has played a crucial role in stabilizing the economy during crises, such as the issuance of 1 trillion yuan in special bonds to counter the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [11]. - The rise of green bonds has supported the transition to a low-carbon economy, with issuance growing from 201.8 billion yuan in 2016 to 683.3 billion yuan by 2024 [12][13]. Group 5: Market Structure and Innovation - The bond market has diversified its product offerings, including the introduction of innovative instruments like tech innovation bonds and real estate investment trusts (REITs) [14][15]. - Technological advancements, such as blockchain, are being integrated into the bond market to enhance efficiency and transparency [15]. Group 6: Internationalization - The bond market has accelerated its internationalization, with the issuance of panda bonds and the establishment of cross-border investment mechanisms [16][17]. - The international influence of Chinese bonds has grown, with Chinese government bonds being included in major global bond indices [17]. Group 7: Future Outlook - The bond market must focus on risk prevention, regulatory openness, and technological empowerment to address challenges posed by global economic fluctuations and local debt pressures [19][20]. - Establishing a unified rating system and enhancing local government debt management are critical for maintaining market stability [20][21][22].

Core Points - Huatai Securities Co., Ltd. has updated the status of its 25 billion yuan private placement bond project to "accepted" [1] - The acceptance date for the bond project is October 14, 2025 [1]

Core Viewpoint - HKEX's bond market serves as a crucial financing channel for listed companies and enterprises, supported by an international investor base, flexible issuance mechanisms, and a comprehensive legal framework [2]. Group 1: Issuance Conditions - HKEX has specific requirements for bond issuers, including the need for a compliant record and transparent financial status [8]. - Issuers must be listed companies on HKEX or meet the "qualified issuer" standards, such as large state-owned enterprises or financial institutions [8]. - Financial stability is essential, with basic financial metrics required to demonstrate debt repayment capability; while credit ratings are not mandatory, they are critical for attracting investors [8] [9]. Group 2: Types of Bonds - The HKEX bond market offers various types of bonds, allowing issuers to choose based on financing needs and risk tolerance [3]. - HKD bonds are popular among local and international investors, typically offering lower interest rates compared to USD bonds [4]. - USD bonds provide high global liquidity but come with currency fluctuation risks, suitable for large multinational corporations [6]. - RMB bonds, known as "Dim Sum bonds," have seen steady growth, appealing to investors interested in RMB assets [7][9]. Group 3: Issuance Process - The issuance process for public bonds on HKEX is standardized, involving several key steps, including preparation, HKEX review, and issuance [20]. - Issuers must engage intermediaries for due diligence and prepare a prospectus, which HKEX reviews for completeness and accuracy [20]. - After pricing and allocation, bonds are listed on HKEX, typically within 1-2 working days [20]. Group 4: Regulatory Requirements - The regulatory framework emphasizes disclosure, with multiple regulatory bodies involved in overseeing bond issuance [21]. - HKEX requires issuers to comply with listing rules, including regular financial reporting and significant event announcements [24]. - The SFC regulates the sales process to ensure investor protection, while the HKMA oversees the underwriting activities of financial institutions [24]. Group 5: Investor Base and Liquidity - Institutional investors dominate the HKEX bond market, accounting for approximately 80% of the investor base [22]. - Public bonds generally exhibit strong liquidity, while private bonds have lower liquidity and are primarily traded privately [22]. Group 6: Cost and Risk Management - Issuance costs typically range from 2% to 5% of the financing amount, including underwriting fees and legal costs [22]. - Risk management strategies include hedging against currency and interest rate risks, as well as maintaining credit ratings [22]. Group 7: Ongoing Management and Investor Relations - Issuers must adhere to strict ongoing disclosure requirements and maintain communication with investors to uphold market trust [23]. - Regular updates on financial performance and timely announcements of significant events are crucial for investor relations [23]. Summary - The HKEX bond market offers a robust platform for financing, characterized by diverse bond types, a structured issuance process, and stringent regulatory oversight, while emphasizing the importance of ongoing disclosure and investor relations [25].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the credit bond industry Core Insights - The report discusses the challenges of achieving excess returns in credit bond investments due to a low interest rate and low credit spread environment, emphasizing the need for effective investment strategies [5] - It outlines a framework for analyzing credit bonds, including market segmentation, historical performance during "asset scarcity" phases, and a five-factor model for credit spreads [5][7] - The report highlights the rapid expansion of the Chinese credit bond market, with total outstanding credit bonds reaching CNY 46.99 trillion by July 2025, of which non-financial credit bonds account for CNY 31.96 trillion [13][14] Summary by Sections 1. Overview of the Chinese Credit Bond Market - The credit bond market in China has expanded significantly since 2009, with a notable increase in the variety of products available [11][13] - As of July 2025, the total balance of credit bonds is CNY 46.99 trillion, with non-financial credit bonds making up 68% of this total [13][14] 2. Analysis Framework for Credit Bond "Asset Scarcity" - The report analyzes four phases of "asset scarcity" since 2015, identifying key characteristics and predictive indicators for investors [5][7] 3. Historical Review of Credit Spreads - A historical review of credit spreads since 2008 reveals significant fluctuations, with a focus on the factors influencing these changes [5][7] 4. Research Framework for Credit Spreads - The report presents a five-factor model for analyzing credit spreads, noting that while the factors remain the same, the focus has shifted in the current market context [5][7] 5. Common Investment Strategies in the Credit Bond Market - The report discusses various investment strategies, including duration management, credit selection, leverage operations, and tactical trading, which are crucial for navigating the current low spread environment [5][7]