人民财讯9月1日电，招商银行（600036）行长王良在该行2025年中期业绩说明会上表示，从前两个季度 经营情况看，一季度经营压力巨大，主要是贷款重定价导致息差降幅进一步加大，对营收增长带来巨大 压力，但二季度已经呈现出好于一季度的态势，相信下半年招行将继续保持稳中求进、逐季向好的发展 态势。 王良表示，招行将落实好各项发展的战略，落实好董事会各项工作部署和要求，特别是在当前利率下 行、利差收窄情况下，加快战略转型，实现四大板块均衡协同发展。同时，通过加强非息收入、财富管 理收入的增长，加强资产质量管理，多措并举，实现年初确定的预算目标。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The trend of deposit "migration" is emerging, with residents shifting their bank deposits towards funds and wealth management products, as indicated by multiple brokerage reports. Despite an increase in total deposits, there are signs of funds flowing into the wealth management market, leading to significant growth in wealth management income for several banks [2][3][4]. Group 1: Deposit Trends - In the first half of the year, the total deposit balance of 13 major commercial banks reached 187.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.78 trillion yuan year-on-year, with personal deposits totaling 112.07 trillion yuan, up 11.9 trillion yuan year-on-year [3]. - The trend of deposit regularization continues, with the proportion of time deposits among these banks at approximately 59.7%, an increase from 58.48% in the previous year [8][9]. - However, in July, new deposits from households decreased by 1.1 trillion yuan, indicating a potential shift in deposit behavior [4]. Group 2: Wealth Management Growth - The wealth management business of banks is expanding, with significant growth in income from wealth management services. For example, Agricultural Bank's agency business income grew by 62.3% in the first half of the year [4][5]. - The total scale of bank wealth management products reached 30.67 trillion yuan by the end of June, with an estimated increase to 32.67 trillion yuan by the end of July [4][10]. Group 3: Cost of Deposits - The average cost of deposits for the 13 banks was 1.61% in the first half of 2025, a decrease of 34 basis points compared to the same period in 2024 [10]. - The decline in deposit rates is expected to improve the cost of liabilities for banks, with projections indicating a reduction in costs for various types of banks in the coming years [10][11]. Group 4: Net Interest Margin - The net interest margin for commercial banks continued to narrow, reaching 1.42% in the second quarter of 2025, reflecting ongoing pressure on banks' profitability [12][13]. - Most banks reported a decline in net interest margins, with the average margin for the 13 banks at 1.5%, down 12 basis points year-on-year [13][15].

2025.09. 01 第一财经还注意到，上半年存款定期化趋势依然存在。但业内认为，随着存款利率持续走低，加上定 存集中到期重定价，银行负债端成本有望较大幅度改善。Choice数据显示，今年上半年，上述13家 银行的存款平均成本率为1.61%，较2024年上半年下降34BP（基点）。 尽管如此，多数银行净息差仍存在压力。根据国家金融监督管理总局数据，2025年第二季度商业银 行净息差环比继续收窄，已降至1.42%。近期中期业绩发布会上，多家大行提及，主要是受LPR（贷 款市场报价利率）下调、存量房贷利率调整等因素影响。 银行存款是否"分流"？ 中国银河证券研究院在研报中表示，存款搬家是居民将银行存款转移到其他资产的过程，因此一要看 到存款下降，二要看到存款流向其他资产。 今年上半年，国内大行的存款是否出现下降？在财报中，并未有明显信号。 本文字数：3300，阅读时长大约5.5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 王方然 近期存款"搬家"声浪渐起，多份券商研报称，居民存款正持续向基金、理财等资管产品转移。 从最新财报来看，今年上半年，大行负债端仍"按兵不动"，13家主要商业银行个人存款余额合计为 112.07万亿元，同比增 ...

Core Viewpoint - The low interest rate environment is significantly impacting the banking industry in China, leading to a potential restructuring of the competitive landscape. China Merchants Bank (CMB) is taking various strategic measures to navigate these challenges, including accelerating internationalization, enhancing comprehensive services, leveraging AI for smart banking, and improving management and risk control [1][2]. Group 1: Impact of Low Interest Rates - The one-year and five-year Loan Prime Rates (LPR) in China have been cumulatively reduced by 70 basis points and 105 basis points from 2022 to 2024, respectively [2]. - As a result, the net interest margin for the banking sector has declined to 1.42% in Q2 of this year, putting pressure on revenue and profit growth, as net interest income accounts for over 70% of bank revenues [2]. - The low interest rate scenario is described as the biggest "gray rhino" for the Chinese banking industry, with historical precedents from Europe, the US, Japan, and Taiwan indicating that prolonged low rates can lead to significant operational difficulties for banks [2]. Group 2: Internationalization Strategy - CMB is accelerating its internationalization to adapt to the growing demand for financial services as Chinese enterprises expand overseas. The bank aims to diversify its revenue sources beyond the low-interest domestic market [5][6]. - CMB has established a global presence with branches in major financial centers such as Hong Kong, Singapore, New York, and London, and is leveraging these platforms to enhance its multi-currency operations [6]. - The bank's international business has shown significant growth, with total assets and operating income from its Hong Kong institutions increasing by 9.49% and 25.28%, respectively, in the first half of 2025 [6]. Group 3: Comprehensive Business Development - CMB has been expanding its financial licenses, recently obtaining a Financial Asset Investment Company (AIC) license, which enhances its comprehensive business model [12][13]. - The bank's subsidiaries are performing well, with total assets of major subsidiaries growing by 9% year-on-year, indicating an upward trend in its overall competitive capability [12]. - CMB is focusing on providing integrated services across various business lines to enhance customer loyalty and achieve diversified revenue streams [13]. Group 4: Differentiated Competitive Strategy - CMB emphasizes differentiation in a highly competitive banking environment, aiming to create a unique value proposition through innovation and specialized services [15]. - The bank's retail customer base has reached 216 million, with retail assets under management surpassing 16 trillion yuan, reflecting its strong performance in retail banking [15][16]. - CMB is also investing in key regional branches to enhance its presence in economically vibrant areas, which is expected to drive further growth [17]. Group 5: AI and Digital Transformation - CMB is committed to becoming a smart bank by leveraging AI technologies to enhance service delivery and operational efficiency [19][20]. - The bank has developed a comprehensive AI technology framework, with 184 application scenarios across various functions, resulting in significant labor hour savings [19][21]. - CMB's historical focus on technology adoption positions it well to capitalize on the ongoing AI competition in the banking sector [20]. Group 6: Management and Cost Control - In response to the low interest rate environment, CMB is shifting towards more refined management practices, emphasizing cost control and operational efficiency [22][24]. - The bank has implemented strict cost management measures, resulting in a decrease in business and management expenses over the past two years [22]. - CMB maintains a strong focus on risk management, with a non-performing loan ratio of 0.93% and a provision coverage ratio of 410.93%, indicating robust risk management capabilities [24].

Core Viewpoint - The company reported a slight decline in revenue for the first half of 2025, but net profit showed a modest increase, indicating resilience in its financial performance despite challenging market conditions [1] Financial Performance - The company achieved a revenue of 169.97 billion yuan in 1H25, a year-on-year decrease of 1.7%, with the decline narrowing by 1.4 percentage points compared to 1Q25 [1] - The net profit attributable to shareholders was 74.93 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 0.3%, with growth accelerating by 2.3 percentage points from 1Q25 [1] - The net interest margin stood at 1.63%, down 12 basis points year-on-year, but the decline was less severe than the 17 basis points drop in 2024 [1] Income Sources - Net interest income grew by 1.6% year-on-year to 106.09 billion yuan, supported by volume despite a slight drag from net interest margin [2] - Non-interest income saw a reduced decline, with net commission and fee income at 37.6 billion yuan, down 1.9% year-on-year, an improvement from the 2.5% decline in 1Q25 [2] - Investment income increased by 12.3% year-on-year to 21.89 billion yuan, contributing to a narrowing of the decline in other non-interest income [2] Loan Growth and Quality - The loan balance reached 7.1166 trillion yuan at the end of 1H25, a year-on-year increase of 5.5%, slightly lower than the 5.8% growth at the end of 2024 [3] - Corporate loans grew by 11.5% to 3.0897 trillion yuan, with manufacturing loans increasing by 18.4%, while real estate loans continued to decline by 8.3% [3] - Retail loans increased by 3.9% to 3.6782 trillion yuan, with a slowdown attributed to external factors affecting consumer leverage [3] Cost of Liabilities and Asset Quality - The net interest margin was 1.88%, down 12 basis points year-on-year, but the decline was less than the previous year's [4] - The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 37 basis points to 1.35%, reflecting effective management of funding costs [4] - The non-performing loan ratio was 0.93% at the end of 1H25, stable compared to 1Q25, with corporate non-performing loans improving while retail non-performing loans showed slight increases [4] Investment Outlook - The company is expected to continue benefiting from its wealth management strategy, with strong growth in retail assets under management, suggesting potential for sustained performance improvement as the economy recovers [5]

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of the "825 New Policy" in Shanghai has led to multiple banks adjusting their commercial personal housing loan interest rate pricing mechanisms, eliminating the distinction between first and second homes, allowing banks to set rates based on market conditions and individual risk profiles [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Changes - Several banks in Shanghai have announced adjustments to their commercial personal housing loan interest rate pricing mechanisms, following the issuance of a notification by six departments in Shanghai [1]. - The new pricing mechanism allows banks to determine specific interest rates based on the Shanghai market interest rate pricing self-discipline mechanism, as well as their operational conditions and customer risk profiles [2]. Group 2: Implementation Details - Different banks have varying procedures for borrowers to apply for interest rate adjustments, including in-person applications, phone notifications, and mobile banking options [3]. - The effective dates for these adjustments vary, with some banks implementing changes as early as September 1, while others may start on September 5 [3]. Group 3: Interest Rate Adjustments - For existing second-home loans, if the current interest rate exceeds the average new loan interest rate by 30 basis points, borrowers can apply for a rate adjustment [2]. - The minimum interest rate for first-time home loans is currently 3.05%, while some banks are offering a minimum of 3.09% for new second-home loans [3]. Group 4: Recommendations - It is suggested that relevant departments enhance their communication regarding the new policies to clarify the specifics of loan interest rates and ensure effective implementation to stimulate housing demand [4].

Core Viewpoint - The mid-term profit distribution plans of listed banks in A-shares for 2025 show a significant increase in total dividends, reaching 237.54 billion yuan, with state-owned banks being the primary contributors [2][3][4]. Group 1: Dividend Distribution Overview - Among 42 listed banks, 17 have announced their mid-term dividend plans for 2025, with a total dividend amount of 237.54 billion yuan [2][3]. - The six major state-owned banks contributed 204.66 billion yuan, accounting for 86% of the total dividends announced by the 17 banks [3][4]. - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China leads with a dividend of 50.40 billion yuan, followed by China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank of China with 48.61 billion yuan and 41.82 billion yuan respectively [3][4]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Dividend Decisions - The ability of state-owned banks to distribute dividends is supported by their strong capital strength, stable profitability, and ample cash flow, allowing them to maintain high dividend payouts [4][9]. - The decision to distribute dividends is influenced by a balance of capital adequacy, business expansion needs, regulatory requirements, and shareholder return expectations [4][9][10]. - Some banks, such as Zhengzhou Bank and Qingdao Rural Commercial Bank, have explicitly stated they will not distribute dividends for the first half of 2025, citing performance pressures and capital replenishment needs [8][9]. Group 3: Trends in Dividend Distribution - The trend of increasing mid-term and quarterly dividends among listed banks has been noted since the introduction of the new "National Nine Articles" policy, which encourages multiple dividend distributions within a year [2][4]. - Several joint-stock banks, including CITIC Bank and Minsheng Bank, have announced their mid-term dividend plans, with CITIC Bank aiming for a dividend payout ratio of 30.7% [4][6]. - The distribution landscape shows a clear differentiation, with some banks actively pursuing dividends while others pause due to various operational challenges [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The continuous decline in deposit rates, coupled with the concentration of fixed deposits maturing, is expected to significantly improve the cost of liabilities for banks [1][8]. Group 1: Deposit Trends - Recent reports indicate a trend of residents moving deposits from banks to other financial products such as funds and wealth management products [2][3]. - As of mid-2025, the total personal deposit balance of 13 major commercial banks reached 112.07 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.9 trillion yuan year-on-year [4][5]. - The average cost of deposits for these banks in the first half of 2025 was 1.61%, a decrease of 34 basis points compared to the same period in 2024 [12]. Group 2: Wealth Management Business Growth - The shift of deposits to wealth management products has led to significant growth in banks' wealth management income, with Agricultural Bank's wealth management income increasing by 62.3% [6]. - The total scale of bank wealth management products reached 30.67 trillion yuan by the end of June, with an estimated increase of about 2 trillion yuan by the end of July [6]. Group 3: Interest Margin and Cost of Liabilities - Despite the reduction in deposit costs, banks are still facing pressure on net interest margins, which have decreased to 1.42% as of the second quarter of 2025 [15][16]. - The average net interest margin for the 13 banks was 1.5%, down from 1.62% year-on-year [15]. - The decline in net interest margins is attributed to factors such as the reduction in the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) and adjustments in existing mortgage rates [17][18]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Analysts predict that the concentration of maturing fixed deposits will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of liabilities for banks in the coming years, with expected decreases of 17 to 24 basis points across different types of banks [11]. - The trend of increasing fixed deposits is expected to continue, with the proportion of fixed deposits among total deposits rising to approximately 59.7% in the first half of 2025 [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - The credit card industry is transitioning from a focus on scale expansion to prioritizing quality, driven by digital transformation and risk management strategies [1][11]. Industry Overview - As of June 2025, the total number of credit cards and loan cards in China was 715 million, a decrease of 12 million from the previous year, indicating a continued decline in the market [1]. - Many banks are experiencing a slowdown in credit card loan balance growth, with some reporting negative growth as they shift towards more cautious operational strategies [1]. Asset Quality - The credit card non-performing loan (NPL) ratios show a divergence among banks, with major state-owned banks like ICBC and CCB having NPL ratios above 2%, while Agricultural Bank of China has a lower ratio of 1.52% [2]. - The overall NPL ratio for the industry is under pressure, with some banks facing rising NPLs despite efforts to control them through enhanced collection and write-off measures [2]. Risk Control and Quality Optimization - Risk control capabilities are becoming a key differentiator among banks, with many adopting advanced technologies like AI and big data to enhance their risk management processes [3]. - As of mid-2025, ICBC's NPL ratio was 2.6%, CCB's was 2.35%, and ABC's was 1.52%, while CMB maintained a low NPL ratio of 1.75% [3][4]. - CMB's proactive risk management strategies have led to a stable NPL balance of 161.53 billion yuan, with a consistent NPL ratio [4]. Digital Transformation - Digital transformation is reshaping the service models and operational efficiency of credit card businesses, with banks implementing full-process digital coverage from customer acquisition to risk management [9]. - By mid-2025, the monthly active users (MAU) of mobile banking apps in China fluctuated between 650 million and 700 million, with a growth rate between -1.2% and 4.6%, indicating market saturation [9][10]. Scene Deepening and Ecological Collaboration - Banks are focusing on deepening customer engagement through targeted marketing and product offerings tailored to specific consumer needs, such as youth and travel [7]. - CMB is leveraging a dual-card model to enhance collaboration with e-commerce and other sectors, while other banks are also exploring innovative product offerings to attract younger customers [7][8]. Future Outlook - Leading banks are preparing for industry downturns and structural changes by enhancing risk management, ecological collaboration, and digital transformation [11][12]. - The future competitive edge for banks will lie in their ability to manage risks, optimize operations, and innovate continuously rather than merely expanding their scale [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - China Merchants Bank reported a slight decline in revenue but a small increase in net profit for the first half of 2025, indicating resilience in its core operations and a recovery in wealth management business [1][2][7] Financial Performance - The bank achieved a revenue of 169.97 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 1.72%, while net profit reached 74.93 billion yuan, a slight increase of 0.25% [1][2] - Net interest income was 106.08 billion yuan, up 1.57% year-on-year, supported by stable growth in scale [2] - The net fee and commission income decreased by 1.89%, showing a narrowing decline compared to the first quarter [2] Wealth Management and Fee Income - Wealth management fee income showed a recovery, reaching 12.80 billion yuan, with an 11.9% year-on-year increase, driven by a rebound in capital markets [2] - The bank's credit card transaction volume declined, leading to a 16.37% drop in card fee income [2] Asset Quality and Risk Management - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio stood at 0.93%, a decrease of 2 basis points from the beginning of the year, indicating stable asset quality [6] - The provision coverage ratio was 410.93%, reflecting strong risk mitigation capabilities [6] - The annualized NPL generation rate was 0.98%, showing a slight improvement [6] Loan and Deposit Growth - Total assets reached 12.66 trillion yuan, growing by 4.16% year-to-date, with loans and advances totaling 7.12 trillion yuan, up 3.31% [4] - Customer deposits increased to 9.42 trillion yuan, a growth of 3.58% from the start of the year [4] Strategic Developments - The bank is enhancing its retail wealth management capabilities, with total assets under management (AUM) surpassing 16 trillion yuan, reflecting a 7.39% increase [5] - The establishment of a financial asset investment company aims to strengthen equity investment and market-oriented debt-to-equity swap capabilities [5] Profitability Metrics - The net interest margin (NIM) was 1.88%, with a net interest spread of 1.79%, both showing a year-on-year decrease [3] - The average cost of customer deposits fell to 1.26%, a significant improvement of 34 basis points [3]