«——【·前言·】——» 中国扔下"稀土核弹"，向全世界发起稀土管辖。10月9日，中国商务部在一天之内密集发布6则公告，其 中第61号和第62号公告尤为引人注目。 它们不仅延续了此前对稀土金属及制品的出口限制，更首次将管制范围延伸至稀土全产业链技术及其境 外衍生品。 «——【·中方稀土管控·】——» 10月9日这一天，注定要被刻进全球稀土产业的发展史。中国商务部用一天时间密集抛出6则公告，瞬间 搅动了国际市场的神经。其中第61号与62号公告的分量尤其惊人。它们没止步于延续过往稀土金属及制 品的出口限制，直接把管控的触角伸到了稀土全产业链技术，连境外衍生品都没放过。 现在的玩法完全不同，变成了对"产业生态与核心能力"的精准拿捏。商务部新闻发言人明确表示，此举 是为了防范境外组织非法获取技术用于军事领域，既是维护国家安全，也是履行防扩散国际义务。 这记"核弹"级举措，标志着中国稀土管制彻底完成了质的飞跃。过去的管控还停留在"资源防御"的初级 阶段，核心是守住稀土原矿不流失。 全球稀土产业的格局早就注定了这步棋的威力。数据显示中国2023年稀土矿产量达24万吨，占全球 68.6%的份额。更关键的是，中国是全球唯一具 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the recent regulatory measures on rare earths by the Chinese government are leading to an increase in rare earth product prices, reflecting the effectiveness of market control [3][4] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, along with other governmental bodies, has implemented a temporary management method for the total amount of rare earth mining and separation, which is now in effect [3] - The recent export control measures on certain rare earth materials, including samarium and terbium, are aimed at regulating the market and ensuring compliance with national standards [3] Group 2 - According to Dongfang Securities, the strategic value of the rare earth sector is expected to rise as the governance capabilities of the state improve, leading to a potential increase in valuation premiums for leading companies in the sector [4] - As of July 31, 2025, the top ten weighted stocks in the CSI Rare Metal Theme Index account for 55.85% of the index, indicating a concentration of investment in key players like Northern Rare Earth and Salt Lake Co [4] - The performance of individual stocks within the rare earth sector shows positive growth, with notable increases in stock prices for companies such as Salt Lake Co (3.56%) and Northern Rare Earth (3.42%) [6]

Core Viewpoint - A significant shift in the global rare earth supply chain is underway, driven by China's stringent control measures against foreign companies hoarding resources, which is reshaping the global industrial landscape [1] Group 1: China's Control Measures - China holds 90% of global rare earth processing and 94% of permanent magnet production, maintaining this dominance for the past decade [1] - Export quotas are being dynamically tightened, with a 157.5% month-on-month increase in rare earth magnet exports in June 2025, but a 38.1% year-on-year decrease [1] - A full-chain traceability system is mandated, requiring all rare earth batches to be recorded, with any untraceable materials deemed illegal [4] Group 2: Impact on Foreign Enterprises - Foreign companies face strategic dilemmas due to strict controls; for instance, a European magnet manufacturer was blacklisted after ordering 300 tons of neodymium-iron-boron [6] - Companies like Regal Rexnord have had to relocate production to China to circumvent export controls, highlighting increased dependency on Chinese manufacturing [6] - Korean automakers have downgraded to lower-performance magnets to mitigate risks, resulting in decreased motor efficiency and increased consumer complaints [6] Group 3: Objectives of China's Regulations - The regulations aim to prevent resource abuse, with past mining practices leading to pollution exceeding standards by 2.5 times [8] - Military-related rare earths are included in control lists, while civilian applications can benefit from expedited approvals through "green channels" [8] - China's export control measures have led to a rebound in rare earth prices, significantly improving domestic company profit margins [8] Group 4: Global Consequences - The automotive industry is facing urgent shortages of neodymium-iron-boron magnets, with some models at risk of production halts [9] - Wind energy projects are stalled due to a lack of permanent magnets, and the U.S. military supply chain is disrupted, forcing the Pentagon to rely on strategic reserves [9] - Historical cases, such as the 2010 ban on rare earth exports to Japan, illustrate the vulnerability of Western nations in the rare earth supply chain [9]

Group 1 - The article critiques German media for accusing China of environmental harm and resource monopolization in the context of rare earth elements, suggesting that these claims are a form of deflection from their own shortcomings in the industry [1][3][4] - China has made significant advancements in green mining technology, reducing the use of extraction agents by 80% and nitrogen emissions by 95%, which contrasts sharply with the practices of Western countries that outsource pollution [3][4][6] - The article highlights that Western countries, including Germany, lack the technological capability and willingness to mine rare earths, instead using "environmental concerns" as a cover for their inability to compete [6][8] Group 2 - The narrative that other countries refrain from mining rare earths due to high environmental standards is dismissed as self-deception, with examples of failed mining operations in Australia and the U.S. illustrating the real challenges faced [6][8][10] - China's control over rare earth exports is framed as a defensive measure rather than coercion, particularly in light of military applications of these materials that could threaten national security [8][10][12] - The article asserts that the global order is shifting, with China's technological advancements in rare earth processing and military applications necessitating a reevaluation of international relations and trade practices [12][13] Group 3 - China's share of global rare earth production has decreased from 90% to 70%, attributed to its focus on technological innovation rather than resource monopolization, with a significant portion of green patents held by Chinese companies [13] - The article emphasizes the importance of military security in the context of rare earth elements, indicating that China's export controls are aligned with national defense strategies [13] - The potential for collaboration with Western countries is mentioned, contingent upon the cessation of sanctions and double standards, suggesting that mutual interests could lead to joint ventures in rare earth production [13]

Group 1 - The article highlights concerns over foreign countries attempting to illegally acquire China's rare earth resources through various covert methods, including mislabeling and smuggling [1][3] - It indicates that the lack of domestic extraction and refining capabilities in certain countries has led them to resort to espionage and smuggling activities to secure these strategic resources [1][3] - The article suggests that the situation reflects a broader struggle over strategic supply chains, indicating that this is not merely a trade conflict but a life-and-death struggle [3] Group 2 - The U.S. is actively investing in rare earth mining to reduce dependence on China, as evidenced by the involvement of state officials in mining ceremonies [4] - Despite this, U.S. defense contractors remain skeptical, continuing to engage in smuggling activities, which indicates a lack of trust in the U.S. supply chain efforts [4] - The article emphasizes that the real challenge lies not in the availability of rare earth resources but in the lack of refining technology and the complexity of establishing a complete industrial chain [4] Group 3 - The U.S. is applying pressure on China to relax its rare earth export controls while simultaneously lifting some restrictions, indicating a strategic maneuver to gain access to these resources [6] - Western media has criticized China's "weaponization" of rare earths and raised environmental concerns, but the article argues that China's strict controls are also aimed at supporting environmental protection [6] - The need for China to manage its rare earth exports carefully is underscored, as it seeks to balance global demand with environmental considerations [6] Group 4 - China has implemented new restrictions on the transfer of electric vehicle battery manufacturing technology, requiring government approval for overseas transfers [8] - The article points out the hypocrisy of Western media complaints, given the long history of technology suppression against China [8] - It emphasizes the necessity for China to strengthen its technology export controls in response to systemic pressures from other countries [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article reveals a hidden smuggling network exploiting China's export restrictions on gallium, germanium, and antimony, with Thailand and Mexico acting as intermediaries for U.S. buyers [1][5][11]. Group 1: Smuggling Operations - From December last year to April this year, 3,834 tons of antimony oxide were smuggled into the U.S., surpassing the total imports of the previous three years [2]. - Thailand and Mexico have suddenly become the top three destinations for China's antimony exports, despite not being in the top ten in 2023 [3]. - U.S. buyers are disguising Chinese gallium as "iron ingots," "zinc blocks," or "art pieces" to circumvent export bans, obtaining approximately 200 kg of gallium monthly [5]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The smuggling operations are costly, with logistics fees doubling, yet the high profits attract many speculators, with U.S. companies reporting profits 20% higher than normal channels despite additional costs [6]. - The lax customs regulations in Thailand and Mexico provide significant opportunities for smuggling networks [8]. Group 3: Regulatory Responses - China has initiated a crackdown on rare earth smuggling since May, with violators facing severe penalties, including up to ten years in prison for smuggling dual-use items [15]. - To address the loopholes, China is considering implementing a "digital iron curtain" using blockchain technology for tracking rare earth minerals throughout the supply chain [16]. Group 4: Strategic Context - The article emphasizes that the smuggling issue is part of a broader U.S.-China tech war, with China controlling 80% of global gallium and 60% of germanium production, critical for semiconductor and military applications [13]. - Countries like Thailand and Mexico risk long-term consequences by acting as intermediaries for U.S. supply chains, potentially undermining their own economic interests [11][17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing tensions surrounding rare earth elements, highlighting the dependency of Western industries on Chinese supplies and the implications of China's regulatory measures on the global supply chain [1][5][11]. Group 1: Industry Dependency - Rare earth elements are crucial for high-tech industries, including military, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence, with significant reliance on China for supply [1][3]. - Europe currently depends on China for 90% of its rare earth needs, raising questions about the feasibility of achieving self-sufficiency by 2030 [3][5]. Group 2: Regulatory Measures - China has implemented the "Rare Earth Management Regulations," effective from October 1, 2024, which requires companies to obtain national recognition for mining and refining, and mandates strict export controls [5][7]. - The regulations include a "one batch, one certificate" system for exports, requiring detailed information about end-users to prevent military diversion [5][11]. Group 3: Environmental and Economic Context - China has historically supplied 90% of the world's rare earths while bearing significant environmental costs, amounting to 38 billion yuan for remediation efforts [7]. - The article criticizes Western nations for enjoying the benefits of cheap rare earths without addressing environmental responsibilities, while labeling China's regulatory actions as "trade coercion" [7][8]. Group 4: Political Dynamics - The European Parliament's resolution against China's export controls is seen as hypocritical, given the historical context of Western technology embargoes against socialist countries [8][9]. - China's stance is clear: it will not compromise on its sovereign rights regarding resource management and expects reciprocity from the West in trade negotiations [11][13].

Group 1 - China's control over rare earth elements primarily impacts the United States, followed by the European Union and India [1] - The U.S. military industry is significantly affected, with the production of F-35 fighter jets facing potential shutdown due to rare earth shortages [1] - The automotive industry in the U.S. is also severely impacted, with companies like Tesla and Ford adjusting production lines due to shortages of neodymium magnets [3] Group 2 - The U.S. has softened its stance, with Treasury Secretary Yellen expressing a desire for China to expedite rare earth exports [4] - The European Union is less aware of the situation's severity, with officials like von der Leyen and Karas urging China to lift export restrictions while simultaneously imposing tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles [5][7] - German automakers, such as Volkswagen and BMW, are facing production line shutdowns due to magnet shortages, with electric vehicle production capacity potentially decreasing by 30% [6] Group 3 - India's automotive industry is on the brink of stagnation, with domestic companies facing depleting inventories and potential production halts if new supplies are not secured [12] - Despite having the fifth-largest rare earth reserves globally, India is unlikely to achieve self-sufficiency in the short term due to outdated extraction and refining technologies [13]

Group 1 - The core issue of the article revolves around the escalating tensions between the EU and China regarding rare earth exports, highlighting the EU's demands for China to lift export controls or face the cancellation of high-level meetings [3][15]. - Rare earth elements, while seemingly ordinary, are crucial for high-tech industries, making the EU's reliance on China a significant concern [5][7]. - European companies, particularly those dependent on rare earths, are facing unprecedented challenges due to supply instability, leading to production disruptions and potential job losses [21][19]. Group 2 - The EU's attempts to pressure China through ultimatums have not yielded results, as China has responded with strict measures to protect its rare earth technology and impose anti-dumping duties on EU products [17][19]. - The internal discord within the EU regarding the rare earth crisis has been exposed, with member states prioritizing their own interests over collective action [23][25]. - Despite the EU's investment of €1.7 billion in the Critical Raw Materials Act to reduce dependence on China, projections indicate that by 2030, the EU's self-sufficiency in rare earths will only reach 15%, far from meeting its industrial needs [27][29]. Group 3 - China's strategic management of rare earth resources includes a comprehensive tracking system to monitor the entire supply chain, ensuring that rare earths are not misused [37][39]. - China employs a differentiated supply strategy, providing favorable access to companies that have not participated in sanctions against it, while restricting supply to those that have [41][43]. - The global landscape shows that while many countries are attempting to reduce their reliance on Chinese rare earths, their efforts have largely been unsuccessful due to various limitations [55][60].

Group 1 - China's response to the EU's pressure has been to impose a five-year anti-dumping tax on imports of stainless steel billets and hot-rolled sheets/rolls from the EU, UK, South Korea, and Indonesia, effective July 1 [2] - This action effectively blocks these countries' steel companies from capturing the Chinese market with low-priced products, signaling that China is the dominant player in China-EU trade [2] - Historical context shows that previous attempts by the Trump administration to pressure China on rare earth controls led to a shift in strategy towards dialogue and compromise, highlighting the effectiveness of China's strong countermeasures in the rare earth sector [2] Group 2 - The EU's recent actions regarding rare earths reflect a mix of arrogance and dependency, as they have attempted to pressure China while simultaneously relying on its resources [3] - EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen accused China of "weaponizing" rare earths and creating a global shortage, which appears to be an unfounded attempt to apply pressure through public opinion [5] - The EU's envoy to China expressed anxiety over the rare earth issue, indicating a stark contrast to their previous hardline stance, revealing their vulnerability in this matter [5] Group 3 - The EU's dual approach of criticizing China while seeking its rare earth resources demonstrates a lack of awareness regarding their own dependency [7] - The EU's previous actions, such as dumping stainless steel billets below cost in the Chinese market, violate fair competition principles and have provoked China's countermeasures [7] - To secure rare earth resources from China, the EU must adopt a more sincere and conciliatory approach rather than maintaining a stance of arrogance and pressure [7]