Group 1 - The upcoming Federal Reserve meeting minutes are notable for the rare occurrence of two board members voting against the majority, a situation not seen since 1993, indicating significant internal division which is often viewed as a signal for a shift in monetary policy [1] - The main points of disagreement among the Federal Reserve members revolve around three key areas: the outlook on inflation, the assessment of the labor market recovery, and the timing of balance sheet reduction [1][2] - The global central banks are facing similar decision-making dilemmas, with the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan also at critical junctures regarding their monetary policies, influenced by upcoming economic data releases [4] Group 2 - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell's upcoming speech at the Jackson Hole meeting is highly anticipated, as he is expected to provide clarity on the "divided minutes" and potentially offer guidance on the balance sheet reduction path and adjustments to the inflation target framework [4] - The decisions made by central banks globally are crucial as they could trigger chain reactions in the financial markets, affecting capital flows between safe-haven assets and emerging markets [4][5]

Summary of Federal Reserve Meeting Insights Industry Overview - The insights pertain to the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and the broader U.S. economy, particularly focusing on interest rates and economic performance. Key Points and Arguments Federal Reserve's Decision on Interest Rates - The Federal Reserve maintained its policy interest rate between 4.25% and 4.5%, aligning with market expectations. However, there were two dissenting votes advocating for a 25 basis point cut in July [2][3][19]. - Market expectations for rate cuts in September and October decreased significantly, with probabilities dropping from 66% to 46% and from 82% to 65%, respectively [4][5]. Economic Performance - The U.S. economy showed resilience, with a year-on-year growth of approximately 2% in the first half of the year. The second quarter saw an annualized growth rate of 3%, indicating positive economic momentum [3][6]. - Employment data remained strong, contributing to the Fed's decision to maintain the current interest rates [3][6]. Inflation and Tariff Impact - Inflation pressures were described as manageable, with limited impact from tariffs. Although there was a slight increase in goods inflation, it was absorbed by manufacturers, and service inflation showed a moderate decline [8][9][16]. - The current Consumer Price Index (CPI) stands at 2.7%, with core CPI at 2.9%, suggesting that inflation is under control [16]. Internal Disagreements within the Federal Reserve - There is a notable division within the Federal Reserve regarding the timing and necessity of rate cuts, with some members advocating for two cuts within the year while others oppose any immediate reductions [10][19]. - The dissenting votes in July's meeting highlighted this division, which is unusual for the Fed's decision-making process [10][19]. Market Reactions - Following the Fed's meeting, U.S. Treasury yields rose, and the Dow Jones index fell by 0.35%, indicating market adjustments to the revised expectations for interest rate cuts [12]. - The dollar strengthened while gold prices declined, reflecting changes in market sentiment regarding future monetary policy [12]. Future Considerations - The Fed's balance sheet reduction is nearing a halt, with minimal reductions in June. The potential for seasonal liquidity tightness in September is a point of concern [7][18]. - The Fed's cautious approach to monetary policy suggests that any future adjustments will depend on incoming economic data, particularly regarding employment and inflation trends [14][17]. Conclusion - The Federal Reserve's current stance reflects a careful balancing act between maintaining economic growth and managing inflation. The internal divisions and market reactions indicate a complex landscape for future monetary policy decisions [19].

FOMC Statement - The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is expected to pass the interest rate decision with a voting ratio of 9-2, with Governors Bowman and Waller likely voting against it [1] - There is an anticipation of minimal substantive changes in the wording, possibly simplifying the expression of economic uncertainty and acknowledging the slowdown in economic growth during the first half of the year [1] - The balance sheet reduction is likely to remain unchanged, with monthly reductions of $50 billion in U.S. Treasuries and $35 billion in MBS [1] Interest Rate Outlook - There is a focus on how to interpret the "two rate cuts" implied by the June dot plot and whether there will be any clues regarding a potential rate cut in September [1] - The emphasis on economic data is expected to continue, maintaining a data-dependent and meeting-by-meeting decision-making communication style [1] - The stance on inflation and tariffs may remain cautious, reiterating the commitment to price stability; if tariffs are highlighted as an upward risk to inflation, it could indicate a more hawkish tone than anticipated [1] Term and Independence - In response to frequent pressures from Trump, it is likely that there will be no substantial response, with a reaffirmation of maintaining independence and professionalism during the term [1]

海外宏观周报 美国贸易政策风险再升 证券分析师 | 张璐 | 投资咨询资格编号 | | --- | --- | | | S1060522100001 | | | ZHANGLU150@pingan.com.cn | 范城恺 投资咨询资格编号 S1060523010001 FANCHENGKAI146@pingan.com.cn 平安观点： 海外宏观 2025 年 7 月 14 日 宏 观 报 告 宏 观 周 报 证 券 研 究 报 告 海外经济政策。1）美国：政策方面，特朗普宣布一系列关税政策：7月 7日，特朗普签署行政令，将"对等关税"暂缓日期由 7月9日推迟至8 月 1 日，同日宣布对来自日本和韩国等 14 个国家的进口产品征收 25% 至 40%不等的关税；7 月 9 日，特朗普宣布对来自巴西和菲律宾等 8个 国家的进口产品征收 20%至 50%不等的关税，同日宣布将对所有进口到 美国的铜征收 50%的关税；7月10日，特朗普宣布将对加拿大商品加征 35%关税。美联储公布 6 月会议纪要显示，官员们在何时恢复降息的问 题上有分歧，大多数美联储官员预计今年晚些时候将恢复降息。美联储 理事沃勒表示，可以考虑 ...

Market Performance - S&P 500 and Nasdaq reached new highs despite tariff concerns, with Tesla's stock rising by 4.7% due to the expansion of its Robotaxi business [1] - Nvidia achieved a three-day streak of record highs, increasing its market capitalization to $4 trillion [1] - MP Materials, a rare earth mining company, saw its stock surge nearly 51% [1] - Delta Airlines regained its profit guidance for the year, resulting in a 12% stock increase [1] Tariff Developments - Myanmar is negotiating with Trump for potential zero tariffs on exports to the U.S. before the August deadline [1] - Brazilian President announced plans to negotiate tariffs with the U.S., threatening reciprocal measures if negotiations fail [1] - Trump announced a 50% tariff on copper starting August 1, prompting traders to expedite shipments to Hawaii [1] - HSBC indicated that the August 1 tariff could be a turning point for copper prices in Shanghai and London [1] Federal Reserve Insights - Trump urged the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates quickly, praising Nvidia's stock performance [1] - Federal Reserve Governor Waller suggested considering a rate cut in July and supported continued balance sheet reduction [1] - There are differing opinions within the Federal Reserve regarding the lasting impact of tariffs on inflation, with some expecting effects to persist into next year [1] Industry Developments - OPEC+ is reportedly discussing a pause in production increases starting in October [1] - OpenAI released its first "open weights" model in six years, potentially challenging Microsoft's exclusive agreement [1] - Grok 4 was officially launched, boasting the strongest computational training capabilities to compete with GPT-5 and Claude 4 Opus [1] - Ant Group plans to introduce Circle stablecoin and is considering applying for licenses in multiple regions [1] - U.S. rare earth stocks surged in pre-market trading, with MP Materials receiving investment from the Pentagon for factory expansion [1]

美联储理事沃勒支持缩表并调整资产结构 金十数据7月11日讯，美联储理事沃勒表示，应继续缩减资产负债表规模，包括调整资产结构以增加短 期资产比重，但可能无需过度削减。"我认为我们很可能在未来一段时间继续允许到期和提前偿付的证 券自然退出资产负债表，从而减少准备金余额，"沃勒周四在为达拉斯联储活动准备的讲话稿中表示。 沃勒在整篇聚焦资产负债表的演讲中主张缩表，但幅度应小于部分美联储观察人士和经济学家建议的水 平。他提出，目前银行准备金仍处于"充裕"水平（高于美联储设定的"充足"标准），理想规模应维持在 约2.7万亿美元。若加上美联储持有的流通货币及财政部一般账户余额，总资产负债表规模将达到5.8万 亿美元，而当前规模为6.7万亿美元。 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The discussion revolves around the Federal Reserve and potential candidates for the next Federal Reserve Chair. Core Points and Arguments 1. **Potential Candidates for Federal Reserve Chair**: The Trump administration is considering Kevin Warsh, Kevin Hassett, and Christopher Waller as potential candidates for the next Federal Reserve Chair, all of whom are Republicans with economic backgrounds and prior experience at the Federal Reserve [1][3][4]. 2. **Divergent Economic Outlooks**: The three candidates have differing views on the U.S. economic outlook. Hassett is the most optimistic, believing Trump's policies will drive growth without rising inflation. Warsh sees the economy as fundamentally strong, while Waller aligns with Federal Reserve officials, indicating a moderate economic slowdown [5]. 3. **Policy Preferences on Interest Rates**: All three candidates generally favor continued interest rate cuts and balance sheet reduction. Hassett is the most dovish, advocating for rate cuts to stimulate growth, while Warsh takes a hawkish stance, suggesting that balance sheet reduction should precede rate cuts [6][7]. 4. **Impact of Fiscal Policy on Bond Yields**: U.S. fiscal issues, particularly the proposed tax cuts, are expected to significantly increase the net deficit by $2.8 trillion over the next decade, contributing to high U.S. Treasury yields [8]. 5. **Historical Concerns on Fiscal Expansion**: Past Federal Reserve Chairs have expressed concerns about fiscal sustainability, emphasizing the need for budget balance and prioritizing anti-inflation goals during non-crisis periods [9]. 6. **Candidates' Views on Fiscal Deficits**: Warsh and Waller believe that excessive fiscal expansion is unsustainable, but they assert that debt repayment is not the Federal Reserve's responsibility. Hassett, due to his current role in the White House, has been less vocal on monetary policy [10]. 7. **Upcoming Changes in Monetary Policy Framework**: The Federal Reserve is expected to revise its monetary policy framework in late summer 2025, potentially reverting to a 2% inflation target, which could influence future rate cuts [11][18]. 8. **Differences in Current Economic Environment**: The current economic environment differs from that of 2020, with higher interest rates and elevated long-term inflation expectations, which may affect the Federal Reserve's policy decisions [13][15]. Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content 1. **Independence of the Federal Reserve**: Regardless of who becomes the next Chair, maintaining the independence of the Federal Reserve is likely to remain a priority for the candidates [10]. 2. **Potential Economic Consequences of Policy Decisions**: Continuing to follow an average inflation target could lead to unnecessary cooling of the job market, potentially increasing unemployment rates [14][17]. 3. **Flexibility in Monetary Policy Operations**: The current higher interest rate environment provides policymakers with greater flexibility in monetary policy operations compared to the previous low-rate environment [16].

智通财经6月25日电，美联储主席鲍威尔表示，美联储在缩表方面仍有一些工作要做，缩表方面正处于 正轨。 ...

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、王茂宇 联系人 | 王茂宇 摘要 对等关税落地已有数月，但美国通胀表现却持续弱于预期，与联储6月FOMC例会释放的 "鹰派"信息形成 反差。为何关税未能推升通胀、下半年美国通胀会否"卷土重来"？ 大类资产&海外事件&数据：美债拍卖强于预期，5月美国零售弱于预期 发达市场多数下跌，美元指数小幅反弹。 当周，标普500下跌0.2%，日经225上涨1.5%；10Y美债实际收 益率下行至2.1%；美元指数上涨0.6%至98.76，人民币兑美元持平前值；WTI原油上涨1.2%至73.8美元/ 桶，COMEX黄金下跌2.0%至3363.2美元/盎司。 美国财政部公布4月国际资本流动报告。 4月海外持有美国国债规模下降360亿美元至9.01万亿美元，其中 海外官方下降40亿美元，海外私人机构下降320亿美元。日本4月持有美债环比增长40亿美元，为连续第 四个月增加；英国环比增长284亿美元，为美债第二大持有国。 美国5月零售弱于市场预期，日央行放缓缩表。 5月美国零售销售弱于市场预期，环比-0.9%，市场预 期-0.6%，但零售控制组表现仍不弱。美国5月新屋开工环比-9 ...

Group 1: Potential Candidates for the Next Federal Reserve Chair - The three main candidates for the next Federal Reserve Chair are Kevin Warsh, Kevin Hassett, and Christopher J. Waller [1][4][5] - Warsh is viewed favorably by Trump and emphasizes the need for balance sheet reduction before interest rate cuts, while Hassett is the most dovish, advocating for rate cuts to stimulate economic growth [1][7] - Waller predicts a moderate economic slowdown and supports rate cuts under specific conditions, such as rising unemployment and declining inflation [1][7] Group 2: Economic Perspectives of Candidates - Warsh believes high inflation is primarily due to quantitative easing (QE) and that the economy remains strong despite external shocks [6][7] - Hassett is optimistic about the economic outlook, asserting that tax cuts and deregulation will exert downward pressure on inflation [6][7] - Waller anticipates a slight increase in unemployment and temporary inflation spikes due to tariffs, indicating a more cautious approach [6][7] Group 3: Monetary Policy and Fiscal Responsibility - The candidates generally agree on the need for the Federal Reserve to maintain independence and not intervene in government debt management [2][9] - Warsh and Waller express concerns about unsustainable deficit growth, while Hassett downplays these worries, suggesting that historical debt ceilings will be resolved [2][9][13] - The article discusses the historical context of Federal Reserve responses to fiscal expansions, noting that past chairs have often called for fiscal discipline [10][12] Group 4: Basis for Interest Rate Cuts - The Federal Reserve's shift to an average inflation targeting framework aims to support employment growth in a low inflation environment [3][14] - Recent comments from Powell suggest that the current economic conditions may require a reevaluation of the emphasis on maintaining low inflation, potentially allowing for higher inflation to support employment [14][15] - The upcoming adjustments to the monetary policy framework may influence future decisions on interest rate cuts, with a focus on balancing inflation and employment goals [14][15]