法国巴黎银行（BNP Paribas）指出，面对美国新一轮贸易关税打击，日本当局在支持这个亚洲第二大 经济体方面所能动用的财政与货币政策手段非常有限。 "日本在财政和货币政策上几乎没有多少回旋余地来支持经济增长，"该行首席经济学家伊莎贝尔·马特 奥斯·伊·拉戈（Isabelle Mateos y Lago）5月21日在东京接受采访时表示。 "不幸的是，日本必须在几乎得不到政策助力的情况下，度过这一高度不确定的时期。" 她指出，虽然由前首相安倍晋三于2015年启动的企业治理改革举措将在一定程度上提振经济，但其效应 还需要时间逐步显现。 央行加息恐将延后 在美国总统特朗普"美国优先"政策推动下，日本汽车及零部件对美出口被征收额外25%的关税，钢铁和 铝产品亦同样被加征25%税率，其他商品则被施加所谓"对等"关税，税率为24%。 根据日本贸易振兴机构的数据，2023年出口占日本国内生产总值的约17%。美国是日本最大的出口市 场，其次是中国，这一趋势在2024年仍在延续。 鉴于关税预计将对以出口为导向的经济造成冲击，日本央行已下调了2025年和2026财年的增长预期，并 强调全球贸易前景存在"极高"的不确定性。 日本 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core View of the Report - Last week, precious metal prices showed a volatile and slightly stronger trend. The prices of gold and silver were boosted by Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating, which weakened the US dollar index and increased global market risk aversion. Meanwhile, the tax reform bill promoted by US President Trump in Congress raised concerns about the expansion of the fiscal deficit. Trump's tariff threat on Friday further boosted precious metal prices [3][6]. - The US - EU trade negotiation is ongoing. Trump initially claimed to impose a 50% tariff on EU goods starting from June 1, but later postponed the deadline to July 9. Japan is considering accepting a US tariff reduction, and India and the US are discussing a "three - stage" trade agreement expected to reach a temporary agreement by early July [3][6]. - Although the US - China trade relationship has recently eased, there is still great uncertainty in the trade negotiations between the US and other economies such as the EU and Japan. The global economic outlook remains unclear, and geopolitical risks occur frequently. Investors tend to seek more stable asset allocations, so the short - term gold price is expected to maintain a volatile and slightly stronger trend [3][8]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Last Week's Trading Data | Contract | Closing Price | Change | Change Rate (%) | Total Volume (Lots) | Total Open Interest (Lots) | Price Unit | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SHFE Gold | 780.10 | 28.30 | 3.76 | 220512 | 178255 | Yuan/gram | | Shanghai Gold T + D | 775.72 | 21.63 | 2.87 | 48148 | 210456 | Yuan/gram | | COMEX Gold | 3357.70 | 152.40 | 4.75 | - | - | US dollars/ounce | | SHFE Silver | 8263 | 162 | 2.00 | 522479 | 634627 | Yuan/kilogram | | Shanghai Silver T + D | 8244 | 131 | 1.61 | 372524 | 3454112 | Yuan/kilogram | | COMEX Silver | 33.64 | 1.21 | 3.73 | - | - | US dollars/ounce | [4] 3.2 Market Analysis and Outlook - The precious metal prices showed a volatile and slightly stronger trend last week due to Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating, the tax reform bill, and Trump's tariff threat [3][6]. - The US - EU trade negotiation is in progress. Trump postponed the tariff deadline for the EU to July 9. Japan may accept a US tariff reduction, and India and the US are expected to reach a temporary trade agreement by early July [3][6]. - The tax reform bill led by Trump will increase the federal debt by about $3.8 trillion in the next decade, causing concerns about fiscal sustainability and global bond market fluctuations. The bill will face challenges in the Senate vote [6]. - Fed officials emphasized patience in policy adjustment. The market expects a 90% probability of an ECB interest rate cut next month [6][7]. - Geopolitical risks include the ongoing Russia - Ukraine conflict negotiation and the "Gideon's Sword" operation by the Israeli Defense Forces [7]. - This week, focus on US economic data such as GDP and PCE, and events like the US trade negotiations, the Fed's May meeting minutes, and speeches by Fed officials [8]. 3.3 Important Data Information - In May, the US manufacturing PMI reached a three - month high of 52.3, and the service PMI was 52.3, with new orders growing at the fastest rate in a year. However, manufacturing export orders contracted for the second consecutive month, and the employment index declined [9]. - As of the week ending May 17, the number of initial jobless claims in the US decreased by 2000 to 227,000, a four - week low, indicating a stable employment market [9]. - In May, the eurozone manufacturing PMI improved slightly to 49.2, but the service PMI dropped to 48.9, a 16 - month low, dragging down the composite PMI to 49.5. The money market increased bets on further ECB interest rate cuts this year [9]. - In April, US new home sales reached the highest level since February 2022, with an annualized growth of nearly 11% to 743,000 units [9]. - In April, Japan's core CPI rose 3.5% year - on - year, and the price of rice increased by 98%, which may prompt the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates in October [10]. - In April, China's gold imports reached 127.5 metric tons, a 73% increase, a new high in 11 months [10]. - As of May 20, the total gold holdings of precious metal ETFs were 922.46 tons, an increase of 3.73 tons from last week. The silver holdings of ishare were 14217.50 tons, an increase of 302.60 tons from last week [10]. 3.4 Relevant Data Charts - The content provides multiple charts including SHFE and COMEX precious metal prices, inventory changes, non - commercial net long positions, and the relationship between precious metal prices and other economic indicators such as the US dollar, inflation, and interest rates [14][15][16]

Group 1: Market Overview - The Asia-Pacific stock markets experienced mixed performance, with the Jakarta Composite Index rising by 1.51% while the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index fell by 2.31% [1][3] - The Nikkei 225 Index and KOSPI Index both saw declines of 1.57% and 1.32% respectively, indicating a broader trend of downward movement in major indices [1][3] - Analysts suggest that the recent fluctuations in the Asia-Pacific stock markets are normal market volatility, influenced by global macroeconomic changes and structural adjustments within certain industries [3] Group 2: Economic Growth in Southeast Asia - Five out of six major Southeast Asian economies are experiencing a slowdown in economic growth, with Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand revising their growth forecasts downward [4][5] - Singapore's GDP growth for Q1 was reported at 3.9%, with a forecasted annual growth rate adjusted to between 0% and 2%, down from a previous estimate of 1% to 3% [4][5] - Other Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia and Vietnam, also reported lower GDP growth rates compared to previous quarters, indicating a regional trend of economic deceleration [5][6] Group 3: Impact of U.S. Tax Policies - The potential implementation of U.S. tax cuts under President Trump is raising concerns about increasing deficit rates, which could negatively affect investor sentiment towards Asian capital markets [2][6] - The anticipated rise in U.S. deficit rates and the resulting high bond yields may lead to a shift in investment strategies, causing some Asian markets to weaken [2][6] Group 4: Japanese Bond Market Dynamics - The Japanese bond market is facing significant pressure, with a notable decline in demand and a rise in yields, attributed to higher inflation and potential fiscal stimulus measures [7] - The supply-demand imbalance in the Japanese bond market has contributed to upward pressure on global bond yields, particularly affecting U.S. Treasury yields [7]

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 美东时间 5 月 16 日 ， 美国众议院预算委员会 否决了共和党预算协调法案草案（ House Reconciliation Bill ）。该委员会以 21 票对 16 票否决了该 法案，保守派共和党人要求对法案进行修改。 5 月 21 日 ，美国众议院共和党人对税收与支出法案进行了最后修改，众议院预算委员会通过"大而美"（ big and beautiful bill ）法案，该法案将进入众议院全体会议审议程序。 第二， 什么是预算协调程序（ Budget Reconciliation Process ）？预算协调程序是一种"快速通道"预算程序 ，旨在让国会能够用"简单多数"在参议院通过影 响赤字和债务的立法，而无需通常的 60 票门槛。预算和解程序通常需要通过 6 个步骤：通过预算决议（ budget resolution ）、委员会审议并修改（ committee markups and floor vote ）、议事规则审查（ Byrd 规则）、两院协商统一文本；两院最终投票、总统签署法案生效 ...

Core Viewpoint - Concerns over the expanding deficit threatening the U.S. safe-haven status are reflected in the weak demand for a $16 billion 20-year Treasury auction, leading to declines in U.S. stocks, bonds, and the dollar [3][4]. Group 1: Treasury Auction Results - The U.S. Treasury auctioned $16 billion of 20-year bonds with a winning yield of 5.047%, marking the second instance of yields surpassing 5% since the bond's introduction five years ago [3]. - The winning yield was 24 basis points higher than April's 4.810% and approximately 1.2 basis points above the pre-issue rate of 5.035%, indicating a significant tail risk [3]. - This auction is considered one of the worst performances for this maturity since its launch, reflecting deteriorating investor sentiment towards U.S. Treasuries [3]. Group 2: Market Reactions - The weak auction results exacerbated a multi-week sell-off in Treasuries, highlighting growing investor dissatisfaction with increasing U.S. debt levels [3][4]. - The S&P 500 index fell by 1.5%, while the 10-year Treasury yield reached 4.607%, the highest since February 13 [3]. - Analysts noted that the market's reaction to the auction signals a collective avoidance of U.S. debt by foreign buyers, with rising financing costs putting pressure on the stock market [4]. Group 3: Political and Economic Implications - The White House intensified pressure on Republicans to approve Trump's tax plan, which could add trillions to the already ballooning budget deficit [6]. - Concerns were raised that the current administration is unlikely to make meaningful cuts to the deficit, as highlighted by former Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin [6]. - The bond market is seen as a barometer for fiscal sustainability, with rising yields indicating that investors are increasingly wary of the government's fiscal policies [7]. Group 4: Debt and Deficit Statistics - The U.S. public debt-to-GDP ratio is approximately 100%, with interest payments projected to reach about $880 billion in 2024, exceeding defense spending [8]. - The amount of outstanding debt surged from under $14 trillion at the end of 2016 to nearly $30 trillion [8]. - The annual sales of U.S. government debt reached a record $2.6 trillion last year, indicating a significant increase in borrowing [8].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury's auction of $20 billion in 20-year bonds was disappointing, leading to a significant sell-off in long-term U.S. Treasuries and raising concerns about future financing costs and fiscal sustainability [1][5]. Group 1: Market Reactions - The U.S. stock market experienced a sharp decline, with the Dow Jones falling by 816.80 points (1.91%), the Nasdaq down by 270.07 points (1.41%), and the S&P 500 dropping by 95.85 points (1.61%), marking the worst single-day performance for the indices since April 21 [2]. - The rise in bond yields, particularly the 10-year Treasury yield reaching 4.61% and the 30-year yield surpassing 5%, has put pressure on stock valuations and increased investor risk aversion [1][2]. Group 2: Economic Concerns - Market sentiment is affected by uncertainties surrounding U.S. fiscal policy, including tariff issues and budget disputes, which have led to a lack of confidence in long-term fiscal sustainability [2][3]. - The ongoing concerns about the U.S. fiscal deficit and the government's ability to support its debt issuance are central to current market anxieties, with implications for economic growth [3][5]. Group 3: Sector-Specific Impacts - Retail sector performance has been weak, exemplified by Target's disappointing earnings report, which caused its stock to drop by 5.21%, contributing to the overall market decline [3]. - The technology sector saw mixed reactions, with Alphabet's stock rising over 2.7% at one point, but overall market sentiment was dampened by concerns regarding fiscal sustainability and bond market performance [3]. Group 4: Alternative Investments - The U.S. dollar showed signs of weakness, with the ICE Dollar Index falling by 0.52%, while gold and Bitcoin prices increased by 0.97% and 0.03%, respectively, indicating a shift towards alternative assets as investors seek to hedge against sovereign credit risks [4].

Core Viewpoint - Investors are resisting President Trump's tax cut plan, leading to a rise in the 30-year U.S. Treasury yield to 5.1%, close to a 20-year high, which has negatively impacted U.S. stock markets and the dollar [1][2] Group 1: Market Reactions - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield has surpassed 5%, nearing the peak levels of 2023 [2] - There has been a significant sell-off in the bond market, reflecting investor disappointment with the U.S. government's increasing debt [4] - Demand for the 20-year U.S. Treasury auction was unexpectedly low, indicating further deterioration in investor confidence [1][4] Group 2: Fiscal Concerns - The tax plan is expected to add trillions to an already inflated budget deficit, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [1][6] - The U.S. public debt is approximately 100% of the economy, with interest payments projected to reach $880 billion in 2024, exceeding defense spending [6] - The total outstanding U.S. debt has surged from under $14 trillion in 2016 to nearly $30 trillion, driven by tax cuts and pandemic-related borrowing [6] Group 3: Investor Sentiment - The bond market is signaling policymakers to address fiscal sustainability issues, which are now affecting risk sentiment in equity and credit markets [4] - The phenomenon of "bond vigilantes" is re-emerging, where investors sell government bonds to pressure the government into reducing spending [4][5] - Investors are currently demanding higher returns for long-term bonds, not just in the U.S. but also in Japan and the UK [4]

新华财经北京5月22日电作为穆迪下调美国主权信用评级后的首场长债发行，美国财政部周三（5月21 日）发行的160亿美元20年期国债受到市场高度关注。由于发行结果不佳，引发美国长期限国债收益率 全面上涨超过11BP。 其中，10年期美债收益率上涨11BP至4.60%，创逾三个月新高。此前在5%关口附近徘徊的20年期和30 年期美债收益率分别上涨13BP和12BP，至5.12%和5.09%，均为2023年11月以来新高。期限在10年以下 的美债收益率也普遍上涨5-10BP。 发行结果显示，本次招标的20年期美债中标利率为5.047%，较4月的4.810%高出24BP，一举站上5%大 关，较预发行利率5.035%高出约1.2BP，是去年12月以来的最大尾部利差；投标倍数为2.46，低于4月的 2.63，为2月以来最低。 衡量海外需求的间接认购比例为69.02%，低于上月的70.7%，但仍高于67.2%的近期均值。衡量美国国 内需求的直接认购比例为14.1%，高于上月的12.3%。一级交易商获配比例为16.9%，稍低于上月的 17.0%。 结果公布后，盘中本就处在涨势的美债收益率出现一轮显著拉升；美股急挫，三大股指跌 ...

Core Viewpoint - Japan's government bonds are facing significant challenges, with rising yields and poor auction results raising concerns about fiscal sustainability, similar to the situation in Greece [1][3][4]. Group 1: Market Reactions - Japan's long-term government bond auction results have been disappointing, leading to record high yields, with the 20-year bond yield reaching its highest level since 2000 [2][3]. - The bid-to-cover ratio for the recent 20-year bond auction was only 2.5 times, the lowest since 2012, indicating weak investor demand [2]. - The overall debt-to-GDP ratio for Japan has surpassed 250%—263%, significantly higher than Greece's 180% during its debt crisis, intensifying market concerns [1][3]. Group 2: Central Bank Actions - The Bank of Japan is gradually reducing its bond purchases, aiming to lower the monthly purchase amount to around 3 trillion yen by early 2026, which raises concerns about finding alternative buyers [3][4]. - There is speculation that the Bank of Japan may need to adjust its Yield Curve Control (YCC) policy or intervene in the market to stabilize bond prices amid rising yields [4]. Group 3: Economic Sentiment - A recent survey indicated that nearly two-thirds of Japanese companies are urging the Bank of Japan to pause its interest rate hike plans, reflecting concerns over economic stability [5][6]. - The unexpected contraction of Japan's economy in the first quarter and uncertainties stemming from U.S. trade policies are contributing to the cautious sentiment among businesses [6].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market is reacting negatively to Trump's tax cut plan, raising concerns about the potential for significant increases in the budget deficit over the coming years [1][9] Group 1: Bond Market Reactions - The 20-year U.S. Treasury auction showed unexpected weakness, with the winning yield surpassing 5%, marking one of the worst performances in five years, which heightened concerns about increasing debt [1] - Following the auction results, the 30-year Treasury yield surged to 5.1%, nearing a 20-year high, while the 10-year yield rose to 4.595% [2] - Investors are flocking to safe-haven assets like gold and Bitcoin to hedge against rising government debt and inflation risks, with long-term bond yields increasing by approximately 14 basis points since last Friday [5] Group 2: Political and Economic Implications - Conservative Republican lawmakers are beginning to oppose Trump's tax cut plan, citing rising bond yields as a warning signal [7] - The current U.S. debt is unprecedented, with interest payments exceeding the defense budget, and the total public debt has surged from under $14 trillion in 2016 to nearly $30 trillion [9] - The market's sharp reaction indicates that investors are unwilling to tolerate continuous government borrowing, seeking to enforce fiscal discipline through higher borrowing costs [9] Group 3: Broader Economic Concerns - The rise in bond yields is driven by fears of deficits and higher inflation expectations rather than strong economic fundamentals [10] - There is a mismatch between signals from the stock and bond markets, with stock investors largely ignoring concerns about increasing deficits and inflation [11] - Retailers, including Walmart and Target, are planning to raise prices due to tariffs, contributing to inflationary pressures, which has led to a decline in stock prices [11]