Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that macroeconomic policies are crucial for maintaining stable economic operations and advancing high-quality development in China [1] - In 2025, China will implement a more proactive fiscal policy for the first time in 14 years, alongside a moderately loose monetary policy, to support economic recovery [1] - The 2026 macroeconomic policy will focus on stability while seeking progress, enhancing quality and efficiency, and integrating existing and new policies to improve governance effectiveness [1] Group 2 - The proactive fiscal policy will include increased deficit rates, larger government bond issuance, and enhanced transfer payments to local governments to support growth, structural adjustments, and risk prevention [2] - There is a need to address local fiscal difficulties by establishing mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, ensuring the sustainability of fiscal policies [2] - The national public budget expenditure for 2025 is projected to reach 29.7 trillion yuan, with 10.3 trillion yuan allocated for transfers to local governments, highlighting the tight fiscal environment [3] Group 3 - The monetary policy in 2025 will involve timely reductions in reserve requirements and interest rates, providing a favorable financial environment for economic recovery [4] - The central economic work conference emphasizes the importance of stabilizing economic growth and ensuring reasonable price increases as key considerations for monetary policy [4] - A variety of monetary policy tools will be employed flexibly to support the real economy while maintaining financial system health [4] Group 4 - The effectiveness of macroeconomic policies relies on precise implementation, enhancing the financial service quality for key sectors such as domestic demand expansion and technological innovation [5] - There is a growing need to balance internal and external economic relationships, ensuring the stability of the RMB exchange rate [5] - The complexity of the current economic environment necessitates a coherent approach to policy-making to avoid conflicting effects and enhance market expectations [5] Group 5 - Strengthening policy coordination and consistency is essential to prevent issues like "composite fallacy" or "decomposition fallacy" in macroeconomic governance [6] - The integration of fiscal and monetary policies, along with reform measures, is crucial for achieving consistent macroeconomic policy outcomes [6] - Effective management of market expectations and timely communication with the public are vital for boosting social confidence in the economy [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes a monetary policy approach focused on reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts as the primary tool, supplemented by interest rate cuts, to work in tandem with more proactive fiscal policies to stabilize economic operations [1] - The current external environment and domestic economy exhibit significant uncertainty, leading to a preference for gradual monetary policy adjustments rather than aggressive actions [1] - RRR cuts are deemed more relevant for the current Chinese economy, as the banking system plays a dominant role in the financial framework, with over 60% of government bonds and nearly 80% of local government bonds held by commercial banks [1] Group 2 - Caution is advised regarding substantial interest rate cuts due to the narrowing net interest margins of commercial banks, which have decreased to approximately 1.42% as of the end of Q3 2025, significantly lower than historical highs [2] - The reliance on indirect financing and the stability of the banking system are critical, as pressures on the financial system combined with real estate risks could pose greater challenges to macroeconomic stability [2] - There is still potential for interest rate cuts, given the low domestic price levels and positive real interest rates, with future adjustments likely to be gradual rather than drastic [2] - The importance of structural monetary policy tools is expected to rise, directing credit resources towards key areas such as technological innovation and the real estate "white list," enhancing policy support without significantly lowering overall interest rates [2]

Core Viewpoint - The central theme of the discussion emphasizes the need for a combination of investments in physical assets and human capital to stabilize and promote investment recovery, alongside the establishment of a long-term government debt management mechanism that aligns with high-quality development [1][3]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy Recommendations - The recommendation for a more proactive fiscal policy includes maintaining necessary overall strength while continuously optimizing structural direction [3]. - The approach advocates for a synergistic effort between "investment in physical assets" and "investment in human capital" to solidify the foundation for economic recovery [3]. Group 2: Government Debt Management - Debt management should not merely focus on reduction but rather on scientific management to align debt scale with the demands of promoting high-quality development and modern industrial system construction [3]. - Key strategies for effective debt management include: 1. Establishing a cross-cycle medium-term budget framework to break free from annual balance constraints [3]. 2. Strengthening the efficient coordination between fiscal and monetary policies to enhance the transmission mechanism of monetary policy [3]. 3. Optimizing the structure of central and local government debts [3]. 4. Improving the management of special bond usage to stimulate effective investment vitality through multiple measures [3].

同时公布的美国2025年12月失业率则从前值4.5%下降至4.4%，好于预期值4.5%。 笔者认为，美联储的货币政策与美国财政部的财政政策之间的配合存在错位，这给美国经济平添了阻 力，增加了美国经济的下行风险和不确定性。 JerryZang 免责声明：本文内容及观点仅供参考，不构成任何投资建议。投资者据此操作，风险自担。一切有关市 场的准确信息，请以相关官方公告为准。市场有风险，投资需谨慎。 上述最新的美国就业数据表明，美国的就业市场并未大幅恶化。这给美联储官员们在即将召开的1月议 息会议上斟酌货币政策带来了回旋余地。市场普遍认为，美联储在1月议息会议上更大的可能将会维持 利率水平不变。 不过，美国财政部长贝森特近日呼吁美联储尽快降息，以便给予美国经济更大的支撑。然而，在今年5 月美联储主席鲍威尔卸任前，美联储很可能对于降息采取更加谨慎的态度。 从过往几年的情况看，美联储的货币政策往往会滞后于市场，在通货膨胀加剧时加息过慢，而在经济面 临下行压力时又非常谨慎地降息。 2026年1月9日公布的数据显示，美国2025年12月非农就业人口从前值5.6万人小幅下降至5万人，不及预 期值6万人。 ...

Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index has risen above 4100 points, with trading volume exceeding 3.1 trillion yuan, indicating active trading sentiment [1][7] - The People's Bank of China emphasized the continuation of a moderately loose monetary policy, focusing on expanding domestic demand and optimizing supply as key points for this year's monetary policy [1][7] Economic Indicators - In December 2025, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 0.2% month-on-month and 0.8% year-on-year, while the core CPI (excluding food and energy) rose by 1.2% year-on-year [2][8] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 1.9% year-on-year, with the decline narrowing by 0.3 percentage points compared to the previous month [2][8] - The stable CPI indicates a steady domestic consumption demand, providing room for maintaining a moderately loose monetary policy [2][8] Gold Market - As of the end of 2025, the total value of official gold reserves held by non-U.S. central banks is estimated at approximately $3.93 trillion, surpassing the total value of U.S. Treasury securities held by these countries, which is about $3.88 trillion [2][8] - This milestone reflects a long-term trend of diversification in foreign exchange reserve assets among central banks, providing solid support for long-term demand for gold [3][9] Stock Market Performance - On January 9, 2026, the A-share market saw all three major indices rise, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 4120.43 points, up 0.92% [4][10] - The Shenzhen Component Index rose by 1.15% to 14120.15 points, while the ChiNext Index increased by 0.77% to 3327.81 points [4][10] - Among the sectors, media, comprehensive, and defense industries showed significant gains, with increases of 5.31%, 3.60%, and 3.29% respectively [4][10] Fund Tracking - The market turnover reached 31,525.96 billion yuan, an increase from the previous trading day [5][11] - The margin trading balance reported at 26,206.09 billion yuan, also showing an increase compared to the previous day [5][11]

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content Core Viewpoints - In 2026, fiscal policy may maintain the general deficit ratio basically stable compared to 2025, and monetary policy has room for two 10BP interest rate cuts and 1 - 2 times of 25BP reserve requirement ratio cuts. The coordinated fiscal and monetary policies have a significant impact on interest rates. The bond market in 2026 is expected to remain range - bound with band trading opportunities, especially when the 10 - year Treasury yield approaches or reaches 1.9% [3][57]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Fiscal, Monetary Policy Coordination and the Bond Market Relationship - Fiscal and monetary policy coordination is crucial for bond market interest rates. An expansionary fiscal policy shifts the IS curve to the right, putting upward pressure on interest rates, while an expansionary monetary policy shifts the LM curve downward, exerting downward pressure on interest rates. When both policies are implemented simultaneously, the net impact on interest rates depends on which policy is more active [11]. 2. Overall Ideas for Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination in 2026 - The 2025 Central Economic Work Conference called for a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy in 2026. The central bank aims to promote stable economic growth and reasonable price recovery, and keep the social comprehensive financing cost at a low level. The Ministry of Finance will continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy, focusing on improving the efficiency of fiscal funds [16][17][18]. 3. Review of China's Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination in 2025 - In 2025, China's fiscal policy remained strong, with the ratio of fiscal total expenditure to GDP rising again. Fiscal revenue as a share of GDP declined, including budget - internal revenue and government - funded revenue. As a result, government bond supply grew at a high rate. The monetary policy met market expectations, with a 50BP reserve requirement ratio cut and a 10BP policy interest rate cut, supporting the growth of money supply and social financing [20][23][26]. 4. Analysis of the Policy Space for Demand - Side Stimulus in China in 2026 - In 2026, demand - side policies still need to be strengthened as the nominal GDP growth slowed down in the second half of 2025, possibly due to limited demand - side support. Monetary policy still has some room for action. Low - interest rates are consistent with supporting economic growth and social financing. The 10 - year Treasury yield in the range of 1.6 - 1.9% may be the central bank's perceived balance state [30][32][35]. 5. Outlook for China's Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination in 2026 - Fiscal policy may keep the general deficit ratio stable, with the ratios of fiscal total expenditure and budget - internal revenue to GDP remaining stable. The decline in government - funded revenue as a share of GDP may be limited. Monetary policy is expected to be the focus of incremental policies, with two 10BP interest rate cuts and 1 - 2 times of 25BP reserve requirement ratio cuts. If only one 25BP reserve requirement ratio cut is implemented, the central bank will increase the base money supply [43][46][47]. 6. Challenges Faced by China's Bond Market: Lack of Duration Preference - As bank deposit growth slows down, the bond market faces the challenge of a lack of duration preference. The proportion of bonds held by commercial banks and insurance institutions has decreased, making it more difficult to balance the upward pressure on yields. Therefore, it is important for monetary policy to maintain interest rates in a low - level range [52][54][55]. 7. Main Conclusions - In 2026, fiscal policy may maintain the general deficit ratio stable compared to 2025, and monetary policy has room for two 10BP interest rate cuts and 1 - 2 times of 25BP reserve requirement ratio cuts. The coordinated fiscal and monetary policies have a significant impact on interest rates. The bond market in 2026 will still be affected by the lack of duration preference, but the pressure from the expected policy combination will be less than in 2025. The bond market is expected to remain range - bound with band trading opportunities, especially when the 10 - year Treasury yield approaches or reaches 1.9% [57].

Core Viewpoint - The economic outlook for China in 2025 is expected to show steady progress, with a focus on high-quality development and structural optimization, as indicated by the Chief Economist Confidence Index of 50.32 for January 2026, reflecting a recovery from the previous month [1][4]. Economic Indicators - The average forecast for December 2025 CPI year-on-year growth is 0.8%, slightly higher than the previous month's 0.7% [8][10]. - The average forecast for December 2025 PPI year-on-year growth is -2.0%, an improvement from -2.2% in the previous month [8][10]. - The average forecast for December 2025 industrial added value year-on-year growth is 4.9%, up from 4.8% in November [13]. - The average forecast for December 2025 fixed asset investment cumulative year-on-year growth is -2.2%, an improvement from -2.6% in November [14]. - The average forecast for December 2025 social retail sales year-on-year growth is 1.8%, with a range from 0.6% to 4.9% [10][11]. - The average forecast for December 2025 trade surplus is $1113.5 billion, slightly lower than the previous month's $1116.8 billion [17]. - The average forecast for December 2025 new loans is 7182.5 billion yuan, a significant increase from the previous month's 3900 billion yuan [19]. - The average forecast for December 2025 total social financing is 1.8 trillion yuan, down from 2.5 trillion yuan in November [21]. - The average forecast for December 2025 M2 year-on-year growth is 8%, consistent with the previous month's figure [21][23]. - As of December 2025, China's foreign exchange reserves are expected to be $33579 billion, reflecting a slight increase from the previous month [23]. Policy Outlook - The macroeconomic policy for 2026 is expected to be more proactive, with an increase in fiscal deficit and government debt issuance to support economic growth [25][27]. - Monetary policy is anticipated to remain accommodative, with potential interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions to ensure liquidity and lower financing costs [26][27].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of integrated macroeconomic policies to enhance governance effectiveness and support China's economic stability and high-quality development [3][4]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Policy - Macroeconomic policies are crucial for maintaining stable economic operations and achieving high-quality development in China [3]. - In 2025, China will implement a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy for the first time in 14 years, which will significantly aid in economic recovery [3][4]. - The 2026 macroeconomic policy will focus on stability and quality improvement, continuing to implement proactive policies and enhancing counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments [3][4]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy - The fiscal policy in 2025 will increase the deficit ratio and issue a larger scale of government bonds, supporting local governments and addressing hidden debt replacement policies [4]. - There is a need to enhance local fiscal capacity and establish mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure to ensure basic public services [4][5]. - The total public budget expenditure for 2025 is projected to reach 29.7 trillion yuan, with 1.03 trillion yuan allocated for transfers to local governments [5]. Group 3: Monetary Policy - The monetary policy in 2025 will include timely reductions in reserve requirements and interest rates, providing a favorable financial environment for economic recovery [6]. - The central economic work conference highlights the importance of stabilizing economic growth and ensuring reasonable price recovery as key considerations for monetary policy [6]. - A variety of monetary policy tools will be utilized flexibly to support the real economy while maintaining financial system health [6][7]. Group 4: Policy Coordination - Effective macroeconomic governance requires a focus on the consistency and effectiveness of policies, integrating economic and non-economic policies [8][9]. - There is a need to strengthen the coordination between fiscal and monetary policies to ensure that various measures work in concert to stabilize the economy [9]. - The article stresses the importance of managing expectations and enhancing narrative capabilities to boost social confidence in the economy [9].

贵金属日报 2026-01-09 钟俊轩 贵金属研究员 从业资格号：F03112694 交易咨询号：Z0022090 电话：0755-23375141 邮箱： zhongjunxuan@wkqh.cn 图 1：金银重点数据汇总 | 金银重点数据汇总 | | 单位 | 2026-01-08 2026-01-07 | | | 日度变化 日度涨跌幅 近一年历史分位数 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄金 | | COMEX报告区间为: | 2026-01-08 2026-01-07 | | | | | | 收盘价（活跃合约） | | 美元/盎司 | 4487.90 | 4467.10 | 上涨 | 0.47% | 98.01% | | 成交量 | | 万手 | 19.19 | 19.71 | 下跌 | -2.63% | 46.03% | | COMEX黄金 | 持仓量（CFTC最新报告期：周) 万手 | | 48.19 | 49.21 | 下跌 | -2.08% | 58.49% | | 库存 | | 吨 | 1132 | 1132 | ...

Core Viewpoint - The macroeconomic policy is crucial for maintaining stable economic operations and advancing high-quality development in China, with a focus on implementing more proactive fiscal and monetary policies in 2025 and 2026 [1] Fiscal Policy - In 2025, the fiscal policy will increase the deficit ratio and arrange a larger scale of government bonds, enhancing local transfer payments to support growth, structural adjustments, and risk prevention [2] - The fiscal expenditure for 2025 is projected to reach 29.7 trillion yuan, with central government transfers to local governments amounting to 10.3 trillion yuan, indicating significant fiscal pressure [3] - There is a need to address local fiscal difficulties by establishing mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, ensuring the basic financial security for grassroots services [2] Monetary Policy - The monetary policy in 2025 will adopt a flexible approach, including timely reductions in reserve requirements and interest rates to create a favorable financial environment for economic recovery [4] - The emphasis will be on maintaining liquidity and promoting low financing costs while addressing structural economic issues through targeted monetary policy tools [4] - A diverse toolbox of monetary policy instruments will be utilized to balance short-term and long-term goals, supporting the real economy while ensuring the health of the financial system [4] Policy Coordination - There is a strong emphasis on the need for precise and effective macroeconomic policies, focusing on enhancing the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and supporting key areas such as domestic demand and technological innovation [5] - The coordination of fiscal and monetary policies is essential to prevent inconsistencies that could undermine market expectations and policy effectiveness [6] - The government aims to strengthen the consistency and effectiveness of macro policies, ensuring that various measures work in concert to stabilize the economy [6]