Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the given content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - This week, the money market faced multiple disturbances. The overnight funding rate reached a relatively high level since June, with large - bank lending first decreasing and then increasing, and non - bank lending willingness increasing. The second half of the week saw relatively stable certificate of deposit (CD) prices. Considering the 200 billion yuan MLF withdrawal on July 25, the medium - to - long - term liquidity supply in the second half of the month may rely more on MLF operations [1][20]. - Next week, the money market will still face certain pressure due to factors such as MLF withdrawal, large - scale reverse repurchase maturities, over 1 trillion yuan of CD maturities, and approaching the end of the month. However, the overall situation is controllable. The central bank's response to these disturbances is the key to the movement of funding prices. Although there are still many disturbances next week, the end of the "tax period" and the possible acceleration of fiscal expenditures at the end of the month may ease the pressure on inter - bank liquidity compared to this week. Funding prices may show a slow downward trend, but the decline may be limited due to the approaching end - of - month point [23]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Overnight Funding: Has It Reached the Peak? - This week, the money market faced multiple disturbances. In the first half of the week, the money market tightened marginally, and in the second half, there were signs of easing. The overnight funding rate reached a relatively high level since June. From July 14 - 18, the weekly averages of DR001 and R001 increased by 14.62BP and 13.37BP respectively compared to the previous week, and the weekly averages of DR007 and R007 increased by 5.82BP and 3.25BP respectively [11]. - In the first half of the week, factors such as tax payments, special treasury bond issuance, MLF withdrawal, and large - scale CD maturities led to a marginal tightening of the money market. The central bank continuously increased liquidity injections. On July 15, it conducted a 1.4 trillion - yuan outright reverse repurchase operation to inject medium - to - long - term liquidity. Both funding and CD issuance prices increased to varying degrees [11]. - From July 17 - 18, as tax payments neared completion and the central bank continued to increase liquidity injections, there were signs of easing in the money market, but the process of easing may have fallen short of market expectations. Large - bank lending increased moderately, and the weighted CD issuance price fluctuated downward, indicating some relief of money - market pressure. However, funding prices remained at relatively high levels since June, with overnight funding above 1.45% [12]. - Next week, multiple factors such as MLF withdrawal, large - scale reverse repurchase maturities, over 1 trillion yuan of CD maturities, and approaching the end of the month will put pressure on the money market, but the overall situation is controllable. The central bank's response to these disturbances is crucial for the movement of funding prices [23]. 2. Open Market: Over 2 Trillion Yuan to Mature Next Week - From July 14 - 18, the open market had a net injection of 260.11 billion yuan, including 172.68 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase issuance, 42.57 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase maturities, 140 billion yuan of outright reverse repurchase issuance, and 10 billion yuan of MLF withdrawal [27]. - From July 21 - 25, the open market will have 204.68 billion yuan of maturities, including 172.68 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase maturities, 20 billion yuan of MLF withdrawal, and 12 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed - deposit maturities [3][27]. 3. Government Bonds: Nearly 700 Billion Yuan to Be Issued Next Week - This week, the net payment of government bonds was 42.88 billion yuan, with 243.3 billion yuan of treasury bond issuance, 251.2 billion yuan of local government bond issuance, 185.2 billion yuan of treasury bond maturities, and 87.8 billion yuan of local government bond maturities [38]. - Next week, government bonds are planned to be issued worth 679.1 billion yuan, including 375 billion yuan of treasury bond issuance, 304.1 billion yuan of local government bond issuance, 395.3 billion yuan of treasury bond maturities, and 114.6 billion yuan of local government bond maturities. The net payment of treasury bonds is - 2.03 billion yuan, and the net payment of local government bonds is 26.02 billion yuan [4][38]. 4. Excess Reserve Tracking and Forecast - It is predicted that the excess reserve ratio in July 2025 will be approximately 0.97%, a month - on - month decrease of about 0.31 percentage points (the forecast for the end of June was 1.28%) and a year - on - year decrease of 0.52 percentage points (1.49% in the same period last year) [44]. - From July 14 - 18, the open market had a net injection of 260.11 billion yuan, the net payment of government bonds was 42.88 billion yuan, the predicted fiscal revenue - expenditure gap was 5.49 billion yuan, the reserve requirement was - 3.04 billion yuan, and tax payments were 169.46 billion yuan [45]. 5. Money Market: Large - Bank Lending First Decreases and Then Increases - Overnight funding rates increased significantly. As of July 18, compared to July 11, DR001 increased by 11.39BP to 1.46%, DR007 increased by 3.49BP to 1.51%, R001 increased by 8.43BP to 1.49%, and R007 decreased by 0.14BP to 1.51% [5][47]. - DR001 exceeded 1.4%. As of July 18, compared to July 11, "DR001 - OMO" increased to 5.66BP, "DR007 - OMO" increased to 10.67BP, "R001 - OMO" increased to 8.81BP, "R007 - OMO" decreased to 10.72BP, "R001 - DR001" decreased to 3.15BP, and "R007 - DR007" decreased to 0.05BP [47]. - SHIBOR rates: The weekly averages of overnight and 7 - day rates changed by 15.1BP and 4.74BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.32% and 1.47% [52]. - CNH HIBOR rates: The weekly averages of overnight and 7 - day rates changed by 8.43BP and 2.47BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.51% and 1.61% [52]. - Interest rate swap closing rates: The weekly averages of FR007S1Y and FR007S5Y rates changed by 0.07BP and 3.11BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.53% and 1.53% [55]. - Bill rates: The weekly averages of six - month national - share transfer discount rates and six - month city - commercial transfer discount rates changed by - 0.1 percentage points to 0.84% and 0.95% respectively [55]. - The average daily trading volume of inter - bank pledged repurchase was 7.2446 trillion yuan, a decrease of 966 billion yuan compared to July 7 - 11. Among them, the average daily trading volume of R001 was 6.4144 trillion yuan, with an average share of 88.5%; the average daily trading volume of R007 was 746.1 billion yuan, with an average share of 10.3% [57]. - The average daily trading volume of Shanghai Stock Exchange new - style pledged treasury bond repurchase was 2.1314 trillion yuan, a decrease of 230 million yuan compared to July 7 - 11. Among them, the average daily trading volume of GC001 was 1.8606 trillion yuan, with an average share of 87.3%; the average daily trading volume of GC007 was 199.1 billion yuan, with an average share of 9.3% [57]. - From July 14 - 18, the average net lending of the banking system was 3 trillion yuan, a change of - 83.4 billion yuan compared to last week. Among them, the average net lending of state - owned large banks was 3.62 trillion yuan, a change of - 86.84 billion yuan compared to last week, with an overnight share of 97%, a change of - 0.26 percentage points compared to last week. The average net lending of other banks was - 0.61 trillion yuan, a change of 3.44 billion yuan compared to last week [62]. 6. Certificates of Deposit 6.1 Primary Market: Maturity Volume to Increase Next Week - From July 14 - 18, the total issuance of CDs was 945 billion yuan, with a net financing of 18.36 billion yuan. Compared to last week's total issuance of 425.9 billion yuan and net financing of - 9.54 billion yuan, the issuance scale and net financing increased [70]. - By issuer, state - owned banks had the highest CD issuance scale and net financing. State - owned banks, joint - stock banks, city - commercial banks, and rural commercial banks issued 344.7 billion yuan, 215.3 billion yuan, 305 billion yuan, and 74.2 billion yuan respectively, with net financing of 64.8 billion yuan, 49.5 billion yuan, 62 billion yuan, and 14.4 billion yuan respectively [70]. - By maturity, 1 - year CDs had the highest issuance scale, and 6 - month CDs had the highest net financing. The issuance scales of 1 - month, 3 - month, 6 - month, 9 - month, and 1 - year CDs were 102.5 billion yuan, 118.7 billion yuan, 186.7 billion yuan, 62.8 billion yuan, and 474.3 billion yuan respectively, with net financing of 81.1 billion yuan, - 80.5 billion yuan, 81.3 billion yuan, 47.6 billion yuan, and 54.1 billion yuan respectively [70]. - Next week (July 21 - 27), the maturity volume of CDs will be 1.0699 trillion yuan, an increase of 308.5 billion yuan compared to this week (July 14 - 20). The maturity volume is mainly concentrated in national - share banks and city - commercial banks, and the maturities are mainly concentrated in 1 - year and 3 - month terms [80][81]. 6.2 Secondary Market: Yields Fluctuate Narrowly - This week, CD secondary market yields fluctuated narrowly and decreased slightly compared to last week. The yields of 1 - month, 3 - month, 6 - month, 9 - month, and 1 - year AAA - rated CDs decreased by 0BP, - 2BP, - 2BP, - 2BP, and - 1BP respectively to 1.51%, 1.54%, 1.58%, 1.61%, and 1.62% [94]. - The yields of most CD grades decreased. The yields of 1 - year AAA, AAA -, AA +, AA, and AA - rated CDs changed by - 1BP, - 1BP, 0BP, 1BP, and 0BP respectively to 1.62%, 1.62%, 1.65%, 1.7%, and 1.86% [94].

Group 1: Liquidity Overview - As of early July, the liquidity in the market has turned loose as expected, with a significant net withdrawal by the central bank exceeding 2500 billion CNY daily since July 1, reaching over 4500 billion CNY on some days[1][11] - The overnight funding rate has dropped below the OMO rate, with R001 decreasing from 2.30% on June 30 to 1.37% by July 4, while DR001 fell from 1.51% to 1.31%[1][11] - The issuance rate for one-year time deposits from state-owned banks has declined to below 1.60%, marking the lowest point since the Spring Festival this year[2][15] Group 2: Market Outlook - The liquidity is expected to stabilize in the upcoming week (July 7-11), with funding prices likely to remain low, and overnight rates fluctuating around OMO ±5bp[3][17] - A significant amount of 1.2 trillion CNY in reverse repos is set to mature in July, with 300 billion CNY in MLF also maturing, creating a potential liquidity gap of 1.3 trillion CNY until the MLF rollover[3][20] Group 3: Government Bonds and Bills - Government bond net payments increased to 2511 billion CNY from 341 billion CNY the previous week, with both national and local bonds seeing a rise in net payments[6][32] - The bill rates have generally increased, with the 1M bill rate rising by 32bp to 1.22% and the 3M rate up by 10bp to 1.20%[5][28] Group 4: Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The weighted issuance rate for interbank certificates of deposit fell to 1.62%, down 2bp from the previous week, while the total maturity pressure increased to 5213 billion CNY for the week of July 7-11[7][40] - The total maturity scale for July is projected to be 2.8 trillion CNY, significantly lower than June's 4.2 trillion CNY[7][40]

Group 1 - The overall liquidity in the market is balanced and loose, with DR001 falling below the 1.4% policy rate, and state-owned banks' net financing reaching a year-high of 4.55 trillion yuan [1][11][27] - Historical trends indicate that at the end of June, funding rates typically rise, but the central bank often increases liquidity support, especially during a month with significant fiscal spending [21][27] - Concerns for the upcoming cross-quarter period include a high maturity of interbank certificates of deposit exceeding 4 trillion yuan, and a recent reduction in deposit rates by major banks, which may lead to deposit outflows [26][27] Group 2 - Next week, the market will see over 10 trillion yuan in reverse repos maturing, along with the continuation of MLF operations, indicating ongoing liquidity support from the central bank [2][33] - Government bond net payments are expected to increase significantly, with a net payment of 7.498 trillion yuan, indicating a substantial fiscal activity [4][31] - The interbank certificate of deposit maturity will be 11.092 trillion yuan, which remains substantial, and attention will be paid to the pressure of renewing these deposits as the quarter-end approaches [6][31] Group 3 - The average daily net financing from state-owned banks has been rising, with a significant increase noted this week, indicating a robust liquidity position [5][27] - The issuance of interbank certificates of deposit remains stable, with no significant upward pressure on rates, suggesting a controlled liquidity environment [6][27] - The second quarter has seen an acceleration in fiscal bond issuance, which is expected to provide additional liquidity support as the quarter-end approaches [27][39]

Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Core Viewpoints - From April 27 to April 30, 2025, the central bank made a net capital injection, and the cross - month funding rates remained generally stable. From April 28 to May 4, 2025, the net financing scale of government bonds increased; inter - bank certificates of deposit (NCDs) turned to net repayment, and most of the NCD maturity yields declined; the leverage ratio of the inter - bank bond market increased, and the net financing scale of state - owned large - scale banks and policy banks continued the recovery trend. It is expected that government bonds will have a net repayment of 11.23 billion yuan from May 5 to May 11, 2025 [2]. Summary by Related Catalogs Funding Situation - From April 27 to April 30, 2025, the central bank's reverse repurchase injection was 124.03 billion yuan and the withdrawal was 50.45 billion yuan, achieving a net injection of 73.58 billion yuan. From May 5 to May 9, 2025, reverse repurchases in the open market worth 161.78 billion yuan will mature. In April 2025, the outright reverse repurchase injection was 120 billion yuan, with a maturity volume of 170 billion yuan, resulting in a net withdrawal of 50 billion yuan [6]. - From April 27 to April 30, 2025, the average values of DR001 and R001 were 1.63% and 1.67% respectively, down 1.7 basis points and up 0.1 basis points compared with April 21 - April 25, 2025; the average values of DR007 and R007 were 1.76% and 1.79% respectively, up 7.6 basis points and 7.2 basis points compared with April 21 - April 25, 2025. During the cross - month period, the central bank made a net capital injection to support liquidity, and the overnight funding rate rose significantly only on April 30, the last trading day of April [6]. Government Bonds - From April 28 to May 4, 2025, the net financing amount of government bonds was about 12.11 billion yuan, an increase of about 20.12 billion yuan compared with April 21 - April 27, 2025. Among them, the net financing amount of treasury bonds was 0 billion yuan, and the net financing amount of local government bonds was about 12.11 billion yuan. From May 5 to May 11, 2025, the net repayment amount of government bonds is expected to be about 11.23 billion yuan, including about 17.54 billion yuan of net repayment of treasury bonds and about 6.31 billion yuan of net financing of local government bonds [7]. Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit (NCDs) - As of April 30, 2025, the maturity yields of 1M and 3M NCDs were 1.6352% and 1.7300% respectively, down 6 basis points and 1 basis point compared with April 25, 2025; the maturity yield of 1Y NCDs was 1.7350%, down 2 basis points compared with April 25, 2025 [8]. - From April 28 to May 4, 2025, the net repayment amount of NCDs was about 8.6 billion yuan, while from April 21 to April 27, 2025, it was a net financing of about 17.71 billion yuan. From May 5 to May 11, 2025, the maturity repayment amount of NCDs is expected to be 52.36 billion yuan, higher than this week's 33.53 billion yuan, and the refinancing pressure will increase slightly [8]. Institutional Behaviors - From April 27 to April 30, 2025, the average calculated leverage ratio of the inter - bank bond market was 107.49%, compared with the calculated average of 107.19% from April 21 to April 25, 2025 [9]. - In terms of the structure of net financing through pledged reverse repurchases, on April 30, 2025, the net financing amount of state - owned large - scale banks and policy banks was about 2.89 trillion yuan, accounting for 53.7% of the total net financing amount; on April 25, 2025, the net financing scale of state - owned large - scale banks and policy banks was about 2.93 trillion yuan, accounting for 53.3% of the total net financing amount [9].

核 心 观 点 3月以来，央行对资金面的态度边际缓和，资金面转向均衡态势。那么，4月政府债供给有多少？流动性缺 口有多大？资金面转松了么？ 资金面有何变化？ 资金利率方面 ， 3月 短端资金利率趋于下行，资金面整体均衡偏松；流动性分层现象 接近消失，R007与DR007利差处于较低位。 央行操作方面 ，中下旬以来，央行公开市场由净回笼转为净 投放，呵护税期流动性，月末央行开展4500亿元MLF操作，为去年8月以来首次超额续作，同时价格改为 多重招标。 长债利率方面 ，3月债市快速回调后企稳，10Y国债利率较2月末上行9.8BP。 债券托管方面 ，3月债券托管规模环比增速上行，分券种看，利率债托管环比增量扩大，其中地方债继续贡献主要增 量；分机构看，2月政府债券供给大幅抬升，商业银行仍是承接的主要力量。 政府债供给多少？ 国债方面 ，4月已经公布的两只附息国债发行规模较3月进一步增长，据此我们预计4月 普通国债或将发行1.16万亿元，考虑1.2万亿元的到期量后，4月国债净融资规模约-455亿元。 地方债方面 ，我们预计4月地方政府新增债和普通再融资债规模分别为3200亿元和3800亿元；特殊再融资债预计二季 度 ...

Core Viewpoint - Since February 2025, long-term bond yields have shown an overall upward trend, with significant differentiation in trading behaviors among various institutions in the bond market. Funds and state-owned banks have primarily acted as sellers, while rural commercial banks and insurance companies have shown notable buying behavior in the long end of the curve. The market is expected to remain volatile in the short term despite a potential easing of regulatory pressure on market sentiment [1][2][4]. Recent Market Pressure - The bond market has faced overall pressure since February 2025, with the central bank tightening liquidity support. This has led to a rise in long-term government bond yields, breaking the earlier oscillating pattern. The yield curve has shown a general increase across various maturities, with the 30Y-10Y spread narrowing by approximately 20 basis points [2][3]. Institutional Trading Behavior Changes - There has been a significant divergence in trading patterns among major institutions. Insurance companies and rural commercial banks have displayed a clear tendency to buy on dips, while funds have mainly sold policy bank bonds. State-owned banks have significantly sold off various maturities of government bonds, contrasting with their previous "buy short, sell long" strategy [3][4]. Future Market Adjustment Pressures - The 10-year government bond yield has returned to levels seen before the "moderately loose" monetary policy stance was proposed. The market is now focused on the upper limits of this adjustment, with three key factors to consider: the return of policy rate anchors, the potential for substantial interest rate hikes conflicting with the goal of reducing overall financing costs, and the need to monitor liquidity and risk factors closely [4][5].