Group 1 - The core argument is that the dollar is facing a "anchor" crisis due to the diminishing effectiveness of its traditional backing, such as gold reserves and industrial production capacity, leading to a potential structural adjustment in the international monetary system [1][4][12] - The transition from the gold standard to the gold-exchange standard established a long-lasting credit system for the dollar, which was initially supported by abundant gold reserves [5][7] - The Bretton Woods system expanded the gold-exchange standard globally, with the dollar being pegged to gold, but this system eventually collapsed due to the Triffin dilemma, highlighting the limitations of gold as a backing for the dollar [8][10] Group 2 - The "petrodollar" system was established to create a new anchor for the dollar, linking it to oil trade, which significantly increased the demand for dollars in international transactions [11][12] - The current geopolitical landscape and the rise of alternative currencies, such as the euro and yuan, are challenging the dominance of the dollar, as countries seek to reduce reliance on it for trade [12][14] - The U.S. is attempting to find new anchors for the dollar, such as high-tech products and critical minerals, but faces significant challenges in establishing these as viable alternatives to the "petrodollar" [15][16] Group 3 - The emergence of stablecoins as a potential means to maintain dollar dominance raises questions about their stability and the underlying assets they are tied to, which may not provide a reliable foundation for the dollar's future [18][19] - The volatility of the underlying dollar assets poses risks to stablecoins, as seen during the Silicon Valley Bank crisis, which affected the value of stablecoins like USDC [18][19]

Group 1 - The recent decline of the US dollar index (DXY) to 97.48 represents a significant drop of over 10% this year, erasing all gains from the previous year [1][3] - Trump's intention to nominate a new Federal Reserve chair before Powell's term ends is aimed at influencing market expectations and potentially altering interest rate policies [3][4] - The leading candidate for the new chair is Kevin Walsh, who has previously supported rate cuts, indicating a possible shift towards a more dovish monetary policy [3][4] Group 2 - Historical trends show that the dollar's performance is closely tied to the Federal Reserve chair's policy stance, with a dovish shift likely to weaken the dollar further [4][5] - A weaker dollar is expected to benefit gold and commodities, as it makes these assets cheaper for holders of other currencies [5] - Investors should monitor key dates: the announcement of the new chair this summer or fall, and the official transition in May next year, as these could lead to significant market volatility and investment opportunities [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report suggests a high possibility of a shift towards a multipolar currency system, indicating that the international monetary landscape is likely to evolve away from the dollar's dominance, which may lead to the appreciation of Chinese assets and a long-term bullish trend in commodities [3][4][5] - The report highlights that the current systemic cracks in the dollar's cycle are primarily due to the obstruction of excess profit repatriation, which may drive global capital flows into a new configuration [5][4] - It emphasizes that the dollar's hegemonic status is unsustainable, and the establishment of a multipolar currency system is a crucial pathway to mitigate the crisis within the dollar system [4][5] Group 2 - The report discusses the historical context of the gold standard's collapse, noting that the inherent contradiction between limited gold supply and global credit expansion led to a depletion of credit derivation capacity [5][6] - It outlines the lessons learned from the Great Depression, particularly the impact of monetary policy decisions, such as the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes, which triggered a debt-deflation spiral [26][39] - The analysis indicates that the transition from a gold-backed currency to a more flexible monetary system is essential for economic recovery and stability [5][6] Group 3 - The report projects that under the current conditions, commodities are expected to experience a long-term bullish trend, driven by the anticipated depreciation of the dollar and the expansion of the renminbi [5][4] - It also notes that the systemic crisis of the dollar necessitates a downward revaluation of dollar assets over the long term, which could further enhance the attractiveness of Chinese assets [5][4] - The report suggests that the global economic landscape is shifting, with the potential for increased capital flows towards emerging markets, particularly in Asia [5][4]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming selection of the next Federal Reserve Chair is becoming increasingly significant, with potential candidates including Scott Bessent, Kevin Warsh, Christopher Waller, and Judy Shelton, which may impact the Fed's independence and inflation targets [1][3]. Candidate Profiles - Christopher Waller has been a prominent figure in the Fed, advocating for a dovish stance and suggesting that tariffs will have a temporary effect on inflation, indicating a potential for interest rate cuts this year [2][3]. - Kevin Warsh, previously considered for the Fed Chair position by Trump, has criticized the Fed's quantitative easing policies and is seen as a potential candidate, although he has shown some flexibility in his recent statements regarding interest rate cuts [4][5]. - Judy Shelton, known for her controversial views advocating for a return to the gold standard and opposing Fed independence, could cause significant market volatility if nominated [6][7].

以下文章来源于巴顿比格斯 ，作者巴顿比格斯 巴顿比格斯 . 历史不会重复，但是它自然成韵。 文 | 巴顿比格斯 来源 | 巴顿比格斯 编辑 | 杨兰 审核 | 浦电路交易员 近期沪银期货价格创上市以来新高，国际白银ETF连续增仓的情况下，欧美降息预期抬升、叠加宏观市场情绪转暖预期提振白银工业 属性，沪银表现强于黄金、金银比小幅修复。 此前黄金屡创新高，白银被低估，金银比一度逼近105（历史均值60-80），随着避险情绪升温，白银成为"价值洼地"，资金涌入推动 其补涨，金银比回落至90。全球最大白银ETF持仓量持续增加，CFTC（美国商品期货交易委员会）净多头持仓攀升，显示出资金对 白银强烈的看涨情绪。 2025年全球货币体系发生深刻变化，美元霸权遭遇挑战。特朗普政府的一系列政策，如强推制造业回流、关税壁垒等，导致全球美元 回流美国，美元流动性减少，且面临 "特里芬难题" 升级版，即美联储在加息抑制通胀与降息刺激经济维持贸易逆差之间两难抉择， 这削弱了美元信用。 投资者对美元信心下降，转而寻求其他避险资产，白银作为传统的避险资产之一，受到投资者青睐。全球政治经济不确定性增加，如 地缘政治冲突、贸易政策不稳定等， ...

Core Viewpoint - The current international monetary system is undergoing profound changes due to the long-term disorderly expansion of U.S. public debt, the "weaponization" of the dollar during the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and various policy proposals during the Trump 2.0 era, which erode the credibility of the dollar as the world's reserve currency [2]. Group 1: Triffin Dilemma Misinterpretations - The "Triffin Dilemma" has evolved into two versions post-Bretton Woods: one concerning the current account and the other regarding "safe assets," both of which contain significant misunderstandings [4][13]. - Misconceptions include confusing net capital with total capital inflows, mixing "earned" and "borrowed" foreign exchange reserves, and conflating bilateral with multilateral capital flows [17][19][20]. - The supply of dollar liquidity is not necessarily linked to the U.S. current account deficit, as the U.S. maintained a current account surplus for about 30 years after becoming the primary reserve currency [14][21]. Group 2: U.S. Stocks as Safe Assets - Overseas funds have shifted from U.S. Treasury bonds to U.S. stocks, leading to the disappearance of the equity risk premium in the S&P 500, indicating that investors now view U.S. stocks as safe assets [5][23]. - This shift is driven by declining safety perceptions of U.S. debt and the stable long-term growth of U.S. stocks, with significant capital inflows into the U.S. stock market [26][30]. Group 3: U.S. Reserve Currency Status - The U.S. is unlikely to relinquish its status as the world's reserve currency due to the substantial benefits it provides, including the international seigniorage revenue [6][32]. - The unique asset-liability structure of the U.S. allows it to benefit from dollar depreciation, effectively transferring payment burdens globally [36][39]. Group 4: Declining Economic Share vs. Rising Financial Dominance - While the U.S. share of the real economy is declining, its share in international finance is increasing, primarily due to the offshore dollar being the most important financing currency and onshore dollars being viewed as safe assets [7][40][44]. - The expansion of cross-border capital flows has outpaced trade growth, reinforcing the dollar's financial position [46]. Group 5: Dollar Cycles - The dollar exhibits cyclical characteristics influenced by fundamentals, policies, and capital flows, with positive feedback mechanisms amplifying these cycles [8][48][52]. - The dollar's appreciation impacts global economies asymmetrically, benefiting the U.S. while constraining other economies [53]. Group 6: The Dollar's Global Impact - The U.S. often emerges unscathed from global crises, with the adverse effects disproportionately affecting non-U.S. economies due to the asymmetrical impact of U.S. monetary policy [56][58]. - The dollar's status as a reserve currency provides the U.S. with unique advantages, including lower financing costs and the ability to conduct fiscal stimulus without immediate repayment pressures [57]. Group 7: Need for an International Monetary System - The current trend towards a multi-polar world raises questions about the necessity of an international monetary system, with the dollar still playing a central role in global trade and finance [62][63]. - A multi-currency system may be preferable to a non-system, as it allows for currency competition and provides space for emerging currencies like the renminbi [64]. Group 8: Transitioning to a Multi-Currency System - Transitioning from a dollar-centric system to a multi-currency system requires policy coordination among major currency issuers and flexible exchange rate arrangements [11][65].

美联储的印钞机还未停，美国佛罗里达州已经要给美元制造新的法币对手、成为"去美元化"的一支力 量。 当地时间5月27日周二，佛罗里达州州长德桑蒂斯（Ron DeSantis）签署一项法案，要建立完整的贵金 属货币法律框架，正式承认黄金和白银为该州法定货币，声称要让佛州民众免受美元贬值的冲击。 该法案明确要求支票兑现机构或PayPal等支付服务商必须接受金银支付，还免除了符合条件且被归类 为"法定货币"的金币和银币在佛罗里达州缴纳销售税。 根据该法案，从2025年7月1日起，所有金银硬币必须标注重量、纯度和铸造来源。企业如要接受贵金属 支付需获得许可，政府机构也可通过电子转账或借记卡方式接受金银硬币缴税。 德桑蒂斯强调： 政治算盘：DOGE失利后的"金本位"牌 议员指1971年后美元购买力暴跌90% HB 999法案的发起人、共和党州众议员Doug Bankson用数据展示美元贬值的残酷现实：自1971年尼克 松总统宣布美元与黄金脱钩以来，美元的购买力已暴跌超过90%。 Bankson举例称，1979年购买一套平均价格7.5万美元的住房需要268盎司黄金。如今同样的房产价值53.1 万美元，但仍只需268盎司黄金 ...

美国人现在慌得连底裤都不要了。国会老爷们一边往俄乌战场砸钱，一边偷偷摸摸往提案里塞"恢复金本位"的私货，这操作比赌徒输红眼押上祖传金表还魔 幻。看看美联储的骚操作就更离谱：嘴上喊着"美元地位不可撼动"，背地里却让纽约联储官网挂出警告——"美元无法永久称王"。这波左右互搏的功夫，连 马保国看了都直呼内行！ 纽约曼哈顿街头的美国国债时钟疯了！每秒钟跳动3.8万美元的债务增量，把37万亿的赤字数字顶得比帝国大厦还高。就在五角大楼忙着往全球撒战争账单 时，中东油轮正满载人民币结算的原油驶向中国——今年前四个月，沙特对华石油出口的20%已经甩开美元，人民币直接拿下数千万吨原油订单。这场持续 了半个世纪的石油美元霸权，终于被撕开了第一道裂缝！ 为啥急着搬出金本位这块遮羞布？ 美国的债务窟窿已经大到能吞下整个日本GDP，光是去年利息就烧掉1.2万亿美元，比五角大楼军费开支还吓人。更绝的是借钱速度——今年一季度狂发6.9 万亿国债，三个月顶过去三年，这印钞机开得比双十一快递分拣线还忙活。国会预算办公室的预测更刺激：2031年就要掉进"财政悬崖"，社保基金2033年彻 底见底，到时候别说航母维护费，连退休金都得打白条。 二、石 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical performance of gold, its long-term returns, and factors influencing its price fluctuations, emphasizing the importance of understanding these elements for investment decisions [1][38]. Long-term Returns of Gold - Gold's long-term annualized return, adjusted for inflation, is approximately 0.6% from 1802 to 2021, indicating it has outperformed inflation over time [3][4]. - From 1971 to April 2025, gold's long-term annualized return is significantly higher at 8.6% [6]. Historical Bull and Bear Markets - The first bull and bear market occurred from 1971 to 2000, where gold surged from $37/oz to $850/oz, a 22-fold increase, followed by a 70% decline over the next 20 years [11]. - The second cycle from 2001 to 2016 saw gold rise to $1921/oz during the financial crises, followed by a 44% drop over six years [13]. - Post-2016, gold prices have been on an upward trend due to global uncertainties, including the pandemic and regional conflicts [15]. Volatility and Risk - Gold's volatility is around 28.93%, with a maximum drawdown of approximately 44%, comparable to a mixed fund with 60-70% equity exposure [17]. - Historical bear markets in A-shares have seen declines of up to 71%, indicating gold's risk level is slightly lower than equities but higher than bonds [17]. Factors Influencing Gold Prices - The primary factors affecting gold prices include: 1. **U.S. Dollar**: The real interest rate (nominal rate minus inflation) significantly impacts gold prices. A decrease in real rates typically leads to higher gold prices [21]. 2. **Mining Costs**: Current mining costs are around $1500/oz, and prices below this level may indicate a buying opportunity [24]. 3. **Geopolitical Risks**: Events like regional conflicts and financial crises often drive investors towards gold as a safe haven, increasing its price [25]. Investment Strategies and Considerations - Investment in gold can be categorized into three purposes: 1. **Decorative**: Jewelry, which has high premiums and is not primarily for investment [32]. 2. **Short-term Investment**: Gold funds, which are convenient for trading but may have management fees [33]. 3. **Long-term Hedge**: Physical gold, which serves as a hedge against extreme risks and is typically held long-term [35]. Conclusion - Gold remains a significant asset class for investment, with a long-term return that has improved since the end of the gold standard in 1971 [38]. - Key factors influencing gold prices include real interest rates, mining costs, and geopolitical risks, while its volatility is comparable to a mixed equity fund [39][40].

1969年7月20日，当全美民众围坐在黑白电视机前为阿波罗登月欢呼时，白宫地下掩体里，尼克松正对着一张泛黄的世界地图喃喃自语："黄金， 该死的黄金..." 两年后，这位以"终结越战"为竞选口号的总统，却在马里兰州森林深处的戴维营别墅里，悄然发动了一场比登月更震撼的金融政变 ——1971年8月15日那个闷热的夏夜，当尼克松在镜头前抹掉额头的冷汗，宣布"美元与黄金永久脱钩"时，华尔街的交易员们突然发现，自己手中 的证券代码正化作流沙，而远在东京的主妇们尚不知晓，她们存折上的数字即将开始一场长达半个世纪的慢性蒸发。 脱钩后的美元像脱缰野马般狂奔。1973年石油危机中，洛杉矶的加油站前排起三英里长队，主妇们攥着配给券在超市争抢最后罐装玉米；1980年 当金价飙升至800美元时，华尔街的交易员们发明了"恐慌指数"，而普通人的养老金却在14%的通胀中缩水成皱巴巴的废纸。更致命的是，挣脱黄 金枷锁的美国政府开启了疯狂印钞模式——1971年3980亿美元的国债如今已膨胀成36万亿的金融肿瘤，相当于每个新生儿降临美国时就背负着22 万美元的债务。 这场货币叛变的真正赢家悄然浮出水面。当硅谷新贵们在纳斯达克的电子屏前开香槟时，底 ...