4月2 1日，银行股冲高回落，齐鲁银行、平安银行、浦发银行、成都银行跌超1%，工商银行、建设银行创历史新高后跳水翻绿。 | 代码 | 名称 | 现价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 ▲ | 成交额 | 年初至今 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 601665 | 齐鲁银行 | 6.02 | -0.16 | -2.59% | 1.46亿 | 10.34% | | 600000 | 浦发银行 | 10.60 | -0.21 | -1.94% | 3.19亿 | 3.01% | | 000001 | 平安银行 | 11.02 | -0.16 | -1.43% | 9.00亿 | -5.81% | | 002142 | 宁波银行 | 24.27 | -0.33 | -1.34% | 4.07亿 | -0.16% | | 002966 | 苏州银行 | 7.91 | -0.10 | -1.25% | 1.93亿 | -2.47% | | 601128 | 常熟銀行 | 7.17 | -0.09 | -1.24% | 2.19亿 | -5.28% | | 002807 ...

21世纪经济报道记者 唐婧 北京报道 刚刚，央行公布4月一年期、五年期LPR利率市场报价。其中一年期LPR利率3.10%，五年期LPR利率 3.60%。维持不变。LPR利率自去年10月调整之后，目前已维持6个月不变。 LPR由各报价行按公开市场操作利率加点形成的方式报价，由全国银行间同业拆借中心计算得出，为银 行贷款提供定价参考。 综合业内分析来看，4月LPR报价保持不变主要有两点原因，一方面，作为LPR的定价锚，7天期逆回购 利率保持稳定；另一方面，银行净息差仍处在低位，商业银行缺乏下调LPR报价加点的动力。 LPR报价行目前包括20家银行，每月20日（遇节假日顺延）9时前，各报价行以0.05个百分点为步长， 向全国银行间同业拆借中心提交报价，全国银行间同业拆借中心按去掉最高和最低报价后算术平均，并 向0.05%的整数倍就近取整计算得出LPR，于当日9时公布。 招联首席研究员、上海金融与发展实验室副主任董希淼表示，从近期公布的一季度经济、金融数据看， 一季度国内生产总值（GDP）同比增长5.4%，环比增长1.2%，经济加快恢复回升；金融数据方面，无 论是社会融资规模还是人民币贷款新增，都超过预期，这表明金融 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No industry investment ratings are provided in the report. 2. Core Views of the Report - The market is currently affected by various factors such as global trade wars, US tariff policies, and domestic economic policies. Different commodities show different trends and investment opportunities based on their own fundamentals and market conditions [4]. - For futures trading, different strategies are recommended for various commodities according to their supply - demand relationships, price trends, and external factors. 3. Summary According to Related Catalogs 3.1 Macro Information - The Chinese government is taking measures to stabilize employment, the economy, and promote high - quality development, including encouraging enterprises to stabilize employment, supporting foreign investment, and promoting service consumption [4]. - Fiscal revenue in the first quarter decreased by 1.1% year - on - year, while fiscal expenditure increased by 4.2% [4]. - In Beijing, the new - start area of real estate development increased by 19.1% year - on - year in the first quarter, and the sales area of new commercial housing increased by 6.2%, but the residential sales area decreased by 2.7% [4]. - The US government is discussing forming a working group to deal with supply - chain crises caused by high tariffs on Chinese goods [4]. 3.2 Futures Market 3.2.1 Stock Index Futures - Consider IH, IM cross - variety arbitrage or stay on the sidelines. The market trading volume has shrunk, and there is a strong wait - and - see sentiment. The market is affected by policy expectations and economic data [4]. 3.2.2 Treasury Bond Futures - In the case that reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts do not exceed expectations, maintain a moderately optimistic attitude towards ultra - long - term bonds. Pay attention to reserve requirement ratio cuts, interest rate cuts, and the Politburo meeting at the end of the month [4]. 3.2.3 Shipping (Container Shipping to Europe) - Consider taking appropriate profit on short positions. The market has absorbed the expected increase in freight rates during the peak season and supply - side pressure. The freight rate may face different situations in May, with potential short - term tightness and long - term oversupply [4][5]. 3.2.4 Agricultural Products - **Cotton**: The domestic cotton price is under pressure and fluctuates at a low level. The impact of US tariffs, USDA reports, and domestic supply - demand conditions all affect cotton prices. Although there was good export data in March, the overall situation is still not optimistic [5][6]. - **Sugar**: The sugar price fluctuates due to factors such as the start of the new sugar - making season in Brazil, the reduction in India's production, and the uncertainty of the supply - demand gap [7][8]. - **Oils and Oilseeds**: Short palm oil at high prices and long soybean meal at low prices. The production of palm oil is in the seasonal increase period, while the supply of soybean meal is expected to increase in the future [9][10]. - **Eggs**: The spot price of eggs is expected to be stable and slightly strong in the short term, but the futures price is expected to fluctuate weakly. The supply is expected to increase in the future [10]. - **Apples**: Consider lightly buying near - month contracts at low prices. The spot price is firm, the inventory is low, and the market consumption is in a good state [10]. - **Jujubes**: Hold short positions and pay attention to downstream demand and abnormal changes in the production area. The supply is sufficient, and the demand is weak [10]. - **Pigs**: Consider shorting the LH2507 contract at high prices. The demand is in the off - season, and the supply is increasing [11]. 3.2.5 Energy - **Crude Oil**: The price of crude oil has rebounded slightly. OPEC+ plans to increase production in May, and the US economic slowdown and trade wars affect the demand. The market is in a state of super - decline repair, and the price is expected to be volatile and slightly strong [12]. - **Fuel Oil**: The demand for fuel oil is declining, but there is still power - generation demand in the high - sulfur summer. It is expected to fluctuate with the oil price [13]. 3.2.6 Chemicals - **Plastic**: L is expected to fluctuate weakly, while PP can be considered for long positions in the near - month contract after a correction and short positions in the far - month contract [14]. - **Methanol**: The price of methanol is expected to fluctuate weakly due to the increase in supply and the weakening of demand [15]. - **Caustic Soda**: The spot price of caustic soda is expected to be weak after a restocking cycle. The futures price is expected to follow a similar trend [16]. - **Soda Ash and Glass**: The price of soda ash is expected to fluctuate weakly due to high supply and inventory. The price of glass is expected to be weak as the market expectation is pessimistic [17][18]. - **Asphalt**: The price of asphalt is expected to be in the range of 3250 - 3350 yuan without a significant increase in crude oil prices [19]. - **Pulp**: The fundamentals are short - term weak. Pay attention to the arrival rhythm in April and the inventory rhythm [20][21]. - **Urea**: Keep a long - position idea for the UR09 contract at low prices as the supply and demand are expected to be strong in the later stage [22]. 3.2.7 Metals - **Aluminum and Alumina**: Aluminum is expected to fluctuate weakly, while alumina is expected to oscillate at the bottom and can be considered for long positions at low prices [23]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: Consider an oscillatory approach as the short - term price is mainly affected by its own supply - demand changes [24]. - **Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon**: Industrial silicon is expected to be bearish, while polysilicon has over - supply pressure in the medium term [26][27]. - **Steel and Iron Ore**: The market is expected to oscillate in the short term and decline weakly in the long term [27][28]. - **Coking Coal and Coke**: The price of coking coal and coke is expected to be weak in the short term [30]. - **Ferroalloys**: Short manganese silicon at high prices and long silicon iron at low prices [31].

记者 辛圆 他同时提到，未来LPR报价将给银行带来一定净息差收窄压力，将主要通过引导存款利率下行，全面降低银行资金成本等方式缓解。 4月7日，《人民日报》发表评论员文章《集中精力办好自己的事》，其中提出："未来根据形势需要，降准、降息等货币政策工具已留有充分调整余地，随 时可以出台。 财信金控首席经济学家伍超明也认为，从目前来看，央行的降准降息节奏或将加快。 他进一步分析称，一方面，扩大内需的逆周期政策力度需要进一步加大；另一方面，部分外需转内需会进一步加大国内供给，对物价产生下行压力。促进物 价合理回升是今年货币政策的重要考量，需要货币政策发力节奏适当靠前。此外，美国经济下行压力增加，衰退概率加大，美元或走弱，对国内政策约束减 轻。 第二，王青表示，当前银行净息差处于历史低位，报价行主动下调LPR报价加点的动力不足。总体上看，年初以来LPR报价持续不动，根本上是一季度经济 走势偏强，由此，尽管当然货币政策基调由稳健转为适度宽松，但下调LPR报价的迫切性不强。 王青在采访中分析称，综合当外部经贸环境变化，国内房地产市场和物价走势，二季度"择机降准降息"时机已经成熟，不排除提前到4月的可能。 "预计本次降息幅度 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - Short - term bullish steepening logic in the bond market is not sound. It is expected to fluctuate in the short - term. The main line of loose monetary policy remains unchanged in the medium - term. After the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cut and interest rate cut, the curve bullish steepening will open up further downward space for long - term bond yields [1][3][29]. Summary by Related Catalogs Why the short - term bullish steepening logic is not sound - From April 11th to April 16th, 2025, after the bond market priced in the hedging of tariff shocks by stable - growth policies, it turned to a fluctuating state. The yield curve showed a mixed flat trend. The yield of the 10 - year active treasury bond fluctuated between 1.63% - 1.67%. The yield of the 2 - year active treasury bond rose from 1.38% to 1.425%. The long - term and ultra - long - term bond buying sentiment was suppressed, and the gaps in treasury bond futures TL and T contracts were nearly filled. The money market rate started to rise on April 11th [10]. - **Difference 1: Central bank's attitude and policy implementation rhythm** - Under RMB exchange - rate pressure, the central bank's current attitude is restrained. In 2020, during the public health event, the central bank quickly used reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cut tools, resulting in a rapid decline in money market rates. This time, due to RMB depreciation pressure, the central bank has net - withdrawn liquidity in the open market in the past two weeks. The overnight and 7 - day money market rates are still above the policy rates, and the money market is in an overall balanced state [11]. - In the next stage, monetary policy may be more coordinated with fiscal policy, and the implementation rhythm of reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cut expectations may be slow. The central bank's restrained loosening restricts the downward space of short - term bond yields and also limits the downward space of long - term and ultra - long - term bond yields due to the low term spread and flat curve [11][12]. - **Difference 2: External environment and domestic economic situation** - The current external environment is more complex and severe, but China's ability to handle trade frictions has improved. The average contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth in the past five years has exceeded 80%. The proportion of exports to the US in total exports has dropped from 19.2% in 2018 to 13.5% in the first three months of 2025. China's economic dependence on external demand and the dependence of external demand on US exports have both declined [17]. - The economy had a good start in Q1, with domestic demand continuously warming up under policy promotion. Many economic indicators such as social financing, consumption, and industrial added value exceeded market expectations. The impact of tariff negotiations on the Q2 economy needs further observation. Policies in Q2 are expected to focus on boosting consumption, expanding investment, and stabilizing employment [17][18]. - **Difference 3: Uncertainty of tariff policy** - In 2020, the impact of the public health event on the capital market showed a "double - bottom" feature. In this tariff shock, the US's counter - tariffs and China's counter - measures basically occurred at the same time, and the market on April 7th had fully reflected this expectation. However, due to the unpredictability of Trump's policies and the complexity of tariff negotiations, whether there will be a secondary impact of tariffs on asset prices remains to be seen [25]. - **Strategy thinking** - Considering the exchange - rate stability constraint, the central bank's operations are currently restrained. Before the implementation of reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts, the possibility of a significant loosening of the money market is low. The current long - term and ultra - long - term bond yields are close to their previous lows. The bond market may fluctuate in the short - term. In the medium - term, after the implementation of the double cuts, the curve bullish steepening will open up further downward space for long - term bond yields [3][29].

Group 1: Domestic Policy Analysis - Premier Li Qiang held a meeting with economic experts and entrepreneurs, emphasizing the need to prepare for external shocks affecting China's economic stability [10][11][12] - The People's Bank of China released the "2025 Shanghai Credit Policy Guidelines" to enhance financial support for consumption [14][23] - The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Finance issued a notice to support urban renewal actions for 2025, aiming to address urban infrastructure weaknesses [14][23] Group 2: Equity Market Analysis - A-shares experienced a pullback due to the global liquidity crisis triggered by Trump's "reciprocal tariffs," with the Shenzhen Composite Index and ChiNext Index dropping over 5.5% [24][25] - The Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges held meetings with securities firms to stabilize the capital market, with significant cash dividends and buybacks announced by listed companies [25][26] - Central Huijin and other state-owned capital management companies increased their holdings in ETFs and strategic stocks to support the market [26][27] Group 3: Fixed Income Market Analysis - The expectation of a reserve requirement ratio cut increased following the impact of Trump's tariffs, leading to a more relaxed funding environment [4][25] - The central bank withdrew a total of 489.7 billion yuan in funds during the week, indicating a shift towards a more accommodative monetary policy [4][25] Group 4: Commodity Market Analysis - Precious metals experienced a V-shaped rebound, while base metals continued to decline, and pork futures broke upward [4][25] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued guidelines for industrial standards, which may influence commodity prices and demand [4][25] Group 5: Foreign Exchange Market Analysis - The US dollar index fell below 100, closing at 99.77, a decrease of 3.06% week-on-week, indicating increased volatility in the foreign exchange market [4][25] - The onshore renminbi faced depreciation pressure, trading at 7.28 against the US dollar as of April 11 [4][25]

2025.04. 15 本文字数：1564，阅读时长大约3分钟 导读 ：下一步，还要在金融支持实体经济方面明确重点领域、进一步降低融资成本等方面继续努力。 作者 | 一财评论员 加大金融对实体经济支持力度，一个重要方面是持续降低实体经济的融资成本。 当前，贷款利率总体保持在历史低位水平。数据表明，3月金融机构对企业新发放贷款（本外币）加 权平均利率约3.30%，比上年同期低约45个基点。这是近年来连续多次降准降息累积效应的具体显 现。 当然，在降准降息促进融资成本下降方面还有较大的操作空间。今年以来，中国人民银行等多部门在 多次会议上提到择机降准降息，上述中国人民银行货币政策委员会第一季度例会也强调，要根据国内 外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，择机降准降息。 新华社13日在关于一季度主要金融数据的报道中说：贷款利率关系着企业的融资成本，也影响着个 人的贷款负担。一季度贷款利率保持在历史低位，助力企业和居民"轻装上阵"。 4月13日，中国人民银行发布了主要金融数据。今年以来，宏观政策持续发力，金融机构深挖支持实 体经济的潜力，带动信贷加快增长，社会融资规模增速有所上行。 从具体数据看，今年一季度，银行金融机构 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The bond market was strong last week, with short - end credit spreads compressing and secondary perpetual bond spreads slightly rising. Before the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, the downward direction of long - end interest rates may remain unchanged. Although the implementation time of policy easing needs to wait, it is not necessarily a negative for long - term bonds. At present, the duration strategy is still relatively dominant, and the portfolio can maintain a medium - to - high duration. 3 - 5 - year medium - to - high - grade credit bonds also have allocation value [2][3][29] Summary by Directory I. The impact of the escalation of reciprocal tariffs on the fundamentals has not yet emerged, and further policy support is needed - Last week, the reciprocal tariffs between China and the United States continued to escalate, with the tariff rate increase reaching 125% on both sides, and the total US tariff rate on Chinese goods exceeding 145%. However, the US also announced a 90 - day suspension of reciprocal tariffs above 10% for other countries and exemption for some electronic products, which may ease the pressure on China's re - export trade [7] - Due to the trade shock and unstable policy expectations, the US stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets were all under pressure, with the 10 - year US Treasury yield remaining high at around 4.5% and the US dollar index falling below 100. The US has not achieved its goals of reducing the trade deficit, promoting manufacturing reshoring, and cutting the fiscal deficit, and may take other measures in the future, so the global market may still face volatility [8] - China's economy has enhanced its resilience and preparedness for potential tariff risks. The 3 - month export growth of 12.3% was mainly affected by the Spring Festival shift. After adjusting for the seasonal factor, the actual export growth has weakened marginally, but the impact of tariffs has not fully emerged. However, after the escalation of bilateral tariffs, China's exports may be affected, and it is estimated that it may impact GDP by 1.5% - 2%, so domestic policies need to be strengthened [12][15][17] II. The central bank's attitude towards the capital market is gradually returning to normal, but reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts may still need to wait - The market's expectation of looser capital has increased, but historical experiences show that significant drops in capital interest rates below policy rates are usually preceded by signals such as continuous reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts by the central bank or a continuous increase in bank net lending. Currently, the central bank's open - market operations and bank net lending do not show such signals [18] - The "Financial Times" put forward three conditions for "choosing the right time for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts", and although these factors have emerged, their impacts are not yet prominent. The central bank is still weighing between stabilizing the bond market and reducing costs. It may lower the priority of stabilizing the bond market and advance the policy normalization, with DR007 likely to return to the 1.65% - 1.7% range, but further reduction may require the coordinated efforts of fiscal and monetary policies. Reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts may still need to wait, but relevant information is likely to emerge around the Politburo meeting in April [20][21] - The loosening of the capital market last week was partly due to the large - scale net repayment of government bonds. However, this week, the net payment of government bonds will reach 797.8 billion yuan, the highest since mid - December last year. Although the probability of a significant tightening of funds is limited, the short - term capital market may not loosen significantly [22] - The March financial data was released on Sunday. The new social financing scale reached 5.89 trillion yuan, and the stock growth rate rose to 8.4%. The increase was mainly due to the rise in credit and government bond net financing. The new credit of residents and enterprises was affected by factors such as the expected increase in consumer loan interest rates and the convenience of platform working capital loans after the replacement of hidden debts. The subsequent use of replacement bonds may have a negative impact on credit, and more attention should be paid to the changes in domestic policies under external shocks [25][27][28] III. Before the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, the downward direction of interest rates remains unchanged - Although the implementation of tariffs and the degree of domestic policy hedging are uncertain, and the short - term bond market may fluctuate, the impact of tariff measures on the fundamentals has not been fully priced in the market, which is not necessarily a negative for long - term bonds. As export pressure gradually emerges, domestic policies are likely to be adjusted, and monetary easing is likely to be relatively early. Before the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, long - term interest rates may not face significant risks and may hit new lows. At present, the duration strategy is dominant, and 3 - 5 - year medium - to - high - grade credit bonds have allocation value [29]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) emphasizes the need for continued financial support to the real economy, focusing on reducing financing costs and identifying key areas for investment [1][6]. Group 1: Financial Data and Economic Support - In Q1 of this year, banks issued RMB loans totaling 9.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 586.2 billion yuan year-on-year, reflecting a robust support for the real economy [1]. - As of the end of March, the total balance of loans to the real economy reached 262.18 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 7.2% [1]. - The PBOC's monetary policy committee suggests increasing the intensity of monetary policy to guide financial institutions in boosting credit supply, particularly in technology innovation, consumption, and foreign trade [2]. Group 2: Financing Costs and Interest Rates - The average interest rate for new loans in March was approximately 3.30%, which is about 45 basis points lower than the same period last year, indicating a historical low in loan rates [3]. - The PBOC and other departments have indicated that there is still room for further reductions in reserve requirements and interest rates to lower financing costs [3]. Group 3: Support for Key Sectors - The Ministry of Finance announced the issuance of 500 billion yuan in special government bonds to support state-owned banks in enhancing their core capital, thereby strengthening their role in serving the real economy [4]. - Financial institutions have been encouraged to increase support for foreign trade enterprises, with measures introduced to lower their funding costs [5]. Group 4: Consumer and Trade Support - The PBOC and other regulatory bodies are focusing on optimizing policies to support foreign trade enterprises, especially as they transition to domestic sales [5]. - A special action plan to boost consumption has been released, with the PBOC emphasizing the need for coordinated financial and fiscal policies to meet diverse funding needs [5].

Core Viewpoint - The financial data for March indicates a positive trend in both corporate and household demand, supporting a stable economic start for the year [2][3]. Group 1: Financial Data Overview - As of the end of March, the broad money supply (M2) reached 326.06 trillion yuan, growing by 7% year-on-year, while the narrow money supply (M1) was 113.49 trillion yuan, up by 1.6% [2]. - The total social financing stock was 422.96 trillion yuan at the end of March, reflecting an 8.4% year-on-year increase [2]. - In the first quarter, new RMB loans increased by 9.78 trillion yuan, with total social financing incrementing to 15.18 trillion yuan, which is 2.37 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [2]. Group 2: Corporate and Household Loan Trends - In March, RMB loans increased by 3.64 trillion yuan, exceeding expectations with a growth rate of 7.4% [3]. - Corporate loans rose by 2.84 trillion yuan, with short-term loans and medium-to-long-term loans increasing by 1.44 trillion yuan and 1.58 trillion yuan, respectively [4]. - Household loans increased by 985.3 billion yuan, with both short-term and medium-to-long-term loans showing positive performance [4]. Group 3: Monetary Policy and Economic Outlook - The M2 growth rate remained stable at 7%, supported by increased lending and government bond issuance [5][6]. - The total social financing in March was 5.89 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 1.06 trillion yuan, indicating a recovery in financing demand [6]. - Looking ahead, there is potential for a reduction in reserve requirements and interest rates in response to external economic pressures, with expectations for continued support for consumption and investment [7].