美联储理事沃勒：就业市场依然坚挺，但开始出现一些迹象，例如应届毕业生失业率上升。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article indicates that the U.S. economy is showing signs of a downward trend, but the probability of a significant downturn is low. Key indicators across employment, inventory, investment, consumption, and financial conditions suggest a weakening economic structure [2]. Group 1: Employment Market - The employment market is experiencing structural weakening, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. Job openings are at 4.4%, below the 12th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor demand compared to pre-pandemic levels [5][20]. - Labor supply is also weak, with a participation rate of 62.4%, which is below the 38th percentile since 2018. The labor market's supply-demand gap is at 1.0, indicating a significant cooling [21]. - Leading indicators suggest a downward trend in the employment market, with rising unemployment claims pointing towards an increase in the unemployment rate [23]. Group 2: Inventory - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory growth turning positive in 2024 but at a low rate. The manufacturing PMI has been fluctuating around 50, indicating alternating active and passive replenishment [6][27]. - Three leading indicators suggest a low probability of large-scale inventory replenishment in the near future, with the manufacturing PMI indicating weak inventory investment [30]. Group 3: Private Sector Investment - Non-residential investment is expected to continue declining in the next six months, with leading indicators such as manufacturing PMI and new orders showing weakness [7][34]. - In the real estate sector, weak demand, high inventory, and elevated financing costs are expected to hinder improvement in real estate investment [39]. Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer income growth is slowing, with disposable income growth recorded at 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the historical average of 5.2% [10][58]. - The wealth effect is diminishing, with a significant drop in excess wealth from $14.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion, a decrease of 26% [65]. - Despite reduced consumer spending capacity, the health of household balance sheets remains strong, with low leverage and manageable interest payment burdens [73]. Group 5: Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, with the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index turning positive again after a tightening period due to tariff policies [78]. - The Chicago Fed's National Financial Conditions Index also indicates a loose financial environment, remaining at the 42nd percentile since 2018 [80].

就业市场并不要求美联储降息一次。 在掌握关税影响之前，难以知晓该如何反应。 鲍威尔：（政策）利率并不是非常高，政策具有适度的限制性。 美联储政策必须是前瞻性的。 希望在调整政策之前看到关税对于美国通胀的一些影响。 ...

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is expected to maintain interest rates in the upcoming decision, with market focus on the potential for two rate cuts this year [1][3][5] - Recent comments from Fed officials indicate reluctance to lower rates due to concerns over tariffs potentially reigniting inflation, posing a dual threat to their dual mandate of low inflation and high employment [3][5] - The upcoming dot plot from the Fed will provide insights into officials' views on rate cuts, with the last plot indicating a consensus for two cuts this year [7] Group 2 - Economic data, including inflation and employment figures, will significantly influence the Fed's future actions, with a stable unemployment rate allowing for prolonged maintenance of current rates [3][5] - The geopolitical situation in the Middle East is impacting the Fed's policy outlook, as rising oil prices could hinder global economic stability and complicate rate cut plans [5][7] - Market reactions will depend on the Fed's signals; a reinforced outlook for rate cuts could support the stock market, while a strong stance against cuts may hinder recovery [9]

证券研究报告 宏观 研究员 易峘 evayi@htsc.com 研究员 胡李鹏，PhD SAC No. S0570525010001 SFC No. BWA860 hulipeng@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 联系人 赵文瑄 SAC No. S0570124030017 zhaowenxuan@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 虽然中东地缘政治冲突推高油价，但联储主要关注国内就业市场和通胀走 势，预计 6 月会议大概率维持利率不变。中东地缘政治冲突一度显著推高 原油价格，近期已有所回落，对美国经济和通胀影响较为有限。5 月联储会 议以来，美国就业和通胀数据指示联储大概率维持利率不变。一方面，5 月 会议以来，中美关税降级，市场对美国经济衰退的担忧下降，美国就业市场 有序降温：4-5 月新增非农人数连续超预期，但 3 个月移动均值整体下行； 周度首申、续申人数也显示就业市场放缓，但未大规模裁员。另一方面，5 月 CPI、PPI 通胀整体不及预期，关税对通胀的推升暂不明显，但高频数据 前瞻指引方面，预计鲍威尔继续强调未来政策利率路径依赖于数据；预计 联储将下调 2 ...

Employment Market - The employment market is showing structural weakness, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. The job vacancy rate is currently at 4.4%, which is at the 12th percentile since 2018, slightly below the 4.5% average from 2018-2019[3] - The labor force participation rate is at 62.4%, at the 38th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor supply compared to pre-pandemic levels[3] - The ratio of job vacancies to unemployment (V/U) is currently at 1.0, at the 6th percentile since 2018, reflecting a significant cooling in labor market supply-demand relationships[3] Inventory and Investment - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory year-on-year growth turning positive in 2024 but at a weak pace[5] - Leading indicators suggest that non-residential investment may continue to decline in the next six months, as manufacturing PMI and new orders are both weak[6] - The probability of large-scale inventory replenishment by businesses in the U.S. is low, as indicated by three leading indicators: manufacturing PMI, OECD leading indicators, and the self-inventory to customer inventory ratio[8] Consumer Spending - Consumer spending capacity is weakening, with disposable income growth slowing to 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the 5.2% average from 2018-2019[10] - The wealth effect has diminished significantly, with excess wealth dropping from $14.9 trillion in Q4 2024 to $11.1 trillion in Q1 2025, a decline of 26%[10] - Despite reduced spending capacity, the risk of consumer liquidity issues is low due to healthy household balance sheets and low interest payment pressures[11] Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, as indicated by the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index and the Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI)[12] - Recent fluctuations in financial conditions were influenced by tariff policies, but conditions have returned to a more accommodative stance since early May 2025[12]

Group 1 - The recent surge in gold prices is primarily driven by Israel's new airstrikes on Iran, escalating tensions in the Middle East, leading investors to flock to traditional safe-haven assets like gold, U.S. Treasuries, and the yen [1] - Currently, gold is the preferred choice for hedging geopolitical risks, overshadowing the U.S. dollar, which has seen a slight rebound but is not the main recipient of safe-haven flows [1] Group 2 - Despite the prevailing risk sentiment in the gold market, the Federal Reserve's policy direction remains a key variable influencing long-term gold prices. The Fed maintained interest rates this week and hinted at possibly only one rate cut for the remainder of the year [3] - Market expectations suggest that if future inflation data declines more than anticipated or if the labor market shows signs of slowing, the Fed may adopt a more dovish stance, potentially providing new upward momentum for gold prices [3] Group 3 - The weekly bullish trend for gold is expected to continue, with significant upward potential. After a recent decline, gold prices have stabilized above the mid-range, indicating a strong upward trend [5] - Short-term price movements show a recent rise to 3447 followed by a correction to 3420, which is seen as a key support area. If this support is tested, it may present a buying opportunity [5] Group 4 - The outlook for next week suggests continuing to buy gold in the range of 3415-20, with a stop-loss at 08 and a target towards 3450-56 [7]

Evercore分析师克里希纳·古哈（Krishna Guha）指出，选择最终人选需在政策立场、市场认可以及维护 美联储政治独立性之间艰难权衡： 对特朗普而言，核心挑战在于物色一位既能强力推进降息议程，又具备足够公信力以顺利通过参议院确 认程序的人选。尽管共和党在参议院占有多数席位，但优势微弱，且部分党内资深议员仍坚定维护美联 储不受政治干预的传统。 前波士顿联储主席埃里克·罗森格伦（Eric Rosengren）在接受CNBC采访时强调，希望新任主席能恪 守"货币政策应基于联储法定的充分就业和物价稳定双重目标制定，而非屈从于政治压力"的原则。但他 坦言，最终人选能否坚守这一底线"仍存在变数"。 凯文·沃什：拥有深厚的联储政策经验，市场与联储内部对其熟悉，被认为具有独立性同时与政府 关系良好。但其过往在通胀问题上立场偏鹰派，对大规模资产购买持保留态度，这与后金融危机 时代的主流政策思路存在差异。 斯科特·贝森特：近期成为热门人选，具备市场背景，在政府内部被视为"冷静的力量"。然而，其 缺乏直接的货币政策制定经验，且与政府关系过于紧密，可能引发对其独立性的质疑。 凯文·哈塞特：经济学专业背景扎实，但在货币政策领 ...

Group 1 - The number of initial unemployment claims in the U.S. rose to 247,000, the highest level in eight months, indicating potential job market weakness due to trade policy uncertainties [1][3] - Many companies, including Procter & Gamble, Dow, Starbucks, Southwest Airlines, Microsoft, and Meta, have announced significant layoffs, with Procter & Gamble planning to cut 7,000 jobs, approximately 15% of its non-production workforce [2] - The U.S. private sector added only 37,000 jobs in May, significantly below the expected 115,000, marking the lowest level since the beginning of 2023, reflecting a slowdown in hiring [3] Group 2 - The Federal Reserve has maintained the benchmark interest rate at 4.3% for the third consecutive time, with concerns about rising unemployment and inflation complicating its dual mandate [1] - Economic uncertainty stemming from the Trump administration's trade policies has led to decreased employer hiring intentions, contributing to a softening labor market [3][4] - Reports indicate that states like Kentucky and Tennessee have seen a notable increase in unemployment claims, potentially linked to layoffs in the automotive sector due to import tariffs [3]

本周迎来CPI数据！就业市场和关税战将会如何博弈？黄金如何布局？阿汤哥正在用订单流实时分析， 点击观看 相关链接 实时黄金订单流分析 ...