资金利率

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大类资产早报-20250512
Yong An Qi Huo· 2025-05-12 06:47
1. Report Information - Report Title: Big Asset Morning Report - Research Team: Macroeconomic Team of the Research Center - Report Date: May 12, 2025 [2] 2. Global Asset Market Performance 2.1 10 - Year Treasury Yields of Major Economies - On May 9, 2025, the 10 - year Treasury yields of the US, UK, France, etc. were 4.380, 4.566, 3.264 respectively. The latest changes, weekly changes, monthly changes, and annual changes varied across different economies. For example, the US had a 0.000 latest change, 0.206 weekly change, 0.085 monthly change, and - 0.285 annual change [3]. 2.2 2 - Year Treasury Yields of Major Economies - On May 9, 2025, the 2 - year Treasury yields of the US, UK, Germany, etc. were 3.780, 3.902, 1.781 respectively. The latest, weekly, monthly, and annual changes also differed. For instance, the US had a 0.000 latest change, 0.040 weekly change, and - 1.110 annual change [3]. 2.3 Dollar - to - Major Emerging Economies Currency Exchange Rates - On May 9, 2025, the exchange rates of the dollar against the Brazilian real, Russian ruble, South African rand, etc. were presented. The latest, weekly, monthly, and annual changes were provided. For example, the dollar - to - Brazilian real exchange rate had a - 0.16% latest change, 0.59% weekly change, - 5.95% monthly change, and 10.51% annual change [3]. 2.4 Stock Indexes of Major Economies - On May 9, 2025, the closing prices of major stock indexes such as the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and NASDAQ were 5659.910, 41249.380, 17928.920 respectively. The latest, weekly, monthly, and annual changes were different. For example, the S&P 500 had a - 0.07% latest change, 1.78% weekly change, 13.59% monthly change, and 10.98% annual change [3]. 2.5 Credit Bond Indexes - The latest, weekly, monthly, and annual changes of credit bond indexes including US investment - grade, euro - zone investment - grade, and emerging - economies investment - grade were given. For example, the US investment - grade credit bond index had a 0.06% latest change, - 1.02% weekly change, 1.09% monthly change, and 6.74% annual change [3][4] 3. Stock Index Futures Trading Data 3.1 Index Performance - The closing prices of A - shares, CSI 300, SSE 50, ChiNext, and CSI 500 were 3342.00, 3846.16, 2684.01, 2011.77, 5721.72 respectively, with corresponding percentage changes of - 0.30%, - 0.17%, 0.17%, - 0.87%, - 0.90% [5]. 3.2 Valuation - The PE (TTM) of CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, S&P 500, and German DAX were 12.44, 10.84, 28.80, 24.21, 18.87 respectively, with corresponding环比 changes of - 0.01, 0.03, - 0.24, - 0.02, 0.12 [5]. 3.3 Risk Premium - The risk premium (1/PE - 10 - year interest rate) of S&P 500 and German DAX were - 0.25 and 2.74 respectively, with环比 changes of 0.00 and - 0.06 [5]. 3.4 Fund Flows - The latest values and 5 - day average values of fund flows for A - shares, main board, small - and - medium - sized enterprise board, ChiNext, and CSI 300 were presented. For example, the latest fund flow of A - shares was - 1156.52, and the 5 - day average was - 265.74 [5]. 3.5 Trading Volume - The latest trading volumes and环比 changes of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, CSI 300, SSE 50, small - and - medium - sized board, and ChiNext were given. For example, the latest trading volume of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 11920.10, with a环比 change of - 1013.67 [5]. 3.6 Main Contract Premium or Discount - The basis and percentage changes of IF, IH, and IC were - 37.56 (- 0.98%), - 17.81 (- 0.66%), - 116.92 (- 2.04%) respectively [5] 4. Treasury Futures Trading Data - The closing prices and percentage changes of Treasury futures T00, TF00, T01, TF01 were 109.060 (0.19%), 106.095 (0.17%), 109.215 (0.18%), 106.435 (0.16%) respectively. The money market rates R001, R007, SHIBOR - 3M were 1.5221%, 1.5805%, 1.6960% respectively, with daily changes of - 13.00BP, - 7.00BP, - 2.00BP [6]
一周流动性观察 | 月初资金面季节性转松叠加降准降息落地 资金利率“下台阶”
Zhong Guo Jin Rong Xin Xi Wang· 2025-05-12 02:39
四是,税期扰动相对有限。由于五一假期,5月纳税申报截止日推迟至22日,23、26日走款,16日起借 入7天资金才可跨税期,税期对下周资金面的扰动有限。 转自:新华财经 新华财经北京5月12日电(刘润榕)人民银行12日开展430亿元7天逆回购操作,操作利率为1.40%;鉴 于当日无逆回购到期,公开市场实现净投放430亿元。 上周(5月6-11日)央行公开市场实现净回笼7817亿元,资金面季节性转松,叠加降准降息落地,资金 利率明显下行。截至5月9日收盘,隔夜利率下探至1.50%一线,R001加权平均利率降至1.52%,DR001 加权平均利率报1.49%。R007加权平均利率、DR007加权平均利率同样降至1.60%水平以下,分别报 1.58%、1.54%。 在华西证券首席经济学家刘郁看来,两大因素共同推动资金利率下行。其一,季节性因素,月初资金利 率往往呈季节性下行态势。一般而言,由于上月末财政资金支出的支撑以及月初银行融出意愿回升,月 初资金面通常转松。 其二,货币政策发力,降准降息等一揽子宽货币政策落地,推动资金利率中枢下移。5月7日, 中国人 民银行、国家金融监督管理总局、中国证券监督管理委员会三部门联 ...
货币政策的增量信号
Minsheng Securities· 2025-05-11 11:12
固收周度点评 20250511 货币政策的增量信号 2025 年 05 月 11 日 [Table_Author] 分析师:谭逸鸣 研究助理:何楠飞 执业证号:S0100522030001 执业证号:S0100123070014 邮箱:tanyiming@mszq.com 邮箱:henanfei@mszq.com 5/8,债市全线走强,曲线牛陡。早盘降息落地,带动资金利率显著下行, 提振债市做多热情。日内股市走强对债市形成一定压制,涨幅一度收窄,但资金 利率的破位下行对债牛形成较强支撑。当日 1Y、5Y、10Y、30Y 国债收益率分别 变动-3.3、-1.5、-0.9、-1BP 至 1.41%、1.5%、1.63%、1.84%。 5/9,债市未能延续昨日涨势。资金仍延续平稳宽松态势,但或受止盈情绪 影响,叠加午后权益市场走强、关税博弈下 4 月出口增速环比回落但仍显韧性, 债市演绎调整行情。当日 1Y、5Y、10Y、30Y 国债收益率分别变动 0.4、-0.5、 0.2、0.5BP 至 1.42%、1.5%、1.64%、1.84%。 ➢ "双降"落地,曲线走陡 本周(5/6-5/9)债市震荡走强。5/7"双降 ...
流动性月报:宽货币的路径选择-20250506
SINOLINK SECURITIES· 2025-05-06 11:09
Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core View of the Report The central bank's attitude has eased, with increased reverse repurchase and MLF投放, and falling interest rates. The downward space for funds is greater than the upward space. The central bank's response to the tariff shock has been calm, and the decline in interest rates has been limited. The weakening fundamentals may drive interest rates down further. There are two possible "broad money" models, and the second model is more likely, with the negative impact of monetary factors on the bond market decreasing [5][6][37]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 4 - Month Review: Lowered Fund Center, but Weak Expectations for Interest Rate Cuts - **Central Bank's Attitude**: The central bank's attitude in April was "stable with a slight easing." Net 7 - day reverse repurchase was 320.8 billion yuan, and 1 - year MLF had a net injection of 50 billion yuan, with a total open - market operation injection of 820.8 billion yuan. However, the net withdrawal of outright reverse repurchase was 50 billion yuan. The central bank's current attitude towards the funds remains stable, but has eased compared to the beginning of the year [2][12]. - **Fund Price**: The central level of fund interest rates for all terms decreased in April compared to March. DR001 and DR007 decreased by 10bp and 15bp to 1.67% and 1.73% respectively; R001 and R007 decreased by 15bp and 19bp to 1.71% and 1.77% respectively. The spread between DR007 and the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate narrowed to 23bp [3][13]. - **Certificate of Deposit**: In April, the issuance volume and price of certificates of deposit decreased. The total issuance volume of inter - bank certificates of deposit by state - owned and joint - stock banks dropped from 2.7 trillion yuan to 1.7 trillion yuan. The weighted average issuance rates of state - owned and joint - stock banks' inter - bank certificates of deposit decreased by 23bp and 22bp respectively, and the yields to maturity of 3M, 6M, and 1Y certificates of deposit decreased by 21bp, 21bp, and 19bp respectively [3][14]. - **Interest Rate Cut Expectations**: The market has not restarted "interest rate cut trading." From the perspectives of IRS:FR007 and FR007 spread, floating - rate and fixed - rate bond YTM spread, and the monetary tightness and looseness expectation index, the expectation of interest rate cuts in the bond market in April was volatile, mainly affected by changing tariff policies and the "determination" of domestic monetary policy [4][15]. 5 - Month Outlook: External and Internal Pressures Cause Disturbances, and There May Be Room for Funds to Go Down - **Central Bank's Attitude and Interest Rate Space**: Compared with the "abnormally high" fund - policy spread in Q1, the central bank's attitude has eased, with increased reverse repurchase and MLF投放, and falling interest rates for two consecutive months. The downward space for funds is greater than the upward space [5][25]. - **Tariff Impact**: The central bank has been "calm" in the face of the tariff shock. The decline in interest rates since the trade friction has been limited compared to historical shock events. From March to April, the spread between DR007 and the policy rate only narrowed by 39bp [5][25][26]. - **Fundamentals**: The fundamentals do not support a trend of rising fund prices. The PMI and building materials composite index have declined, and the negative impact of trade friction on the economy has been reflected in multiple dimensions. If the fundamentals weaken, it may drive interest rates down further [5][29]. - **Government Bond Financing**: In May, the net financing scale of government bonds is expected to increase significantly compared to April. The estimated net financing scale of national bonds is about 970 billion yuan, and that of local bonds is about 450.3 billion yuan, with a total of about 1.4 trillion yuan [32]. - **Liquidity Gap**: The liquidity gap in May may narrow slightly compared to April, mainly due to the lower maturity of outright reverse repurchase. However, attention should be paid to the disturbance of government bond issuance [33][34]. - **Broad Money Path**: There are two possible "broad money" models for the central bank. The second model (first compressing the spread and then cutting the policy rate) shows more signs of implementation, and the negative impact of monetary factors on the bond market is decreasing [6][37].
2025年5月流动性展望:降准降息落地前,资金利率有望继续向政策利率靠拢
Xinda Securities· 2025-05-05 14:32
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Before the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, the funding rate is expected to continue to approach the policy rate. The probability of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts in the second quarter is relatively high, but the specific timing needs to be observed based on the overall rhythm of the package of policies. The reserve requirement ratio cut in Q2 has a high probability of implementation, and the central bank is likely to cut interest rates in Q2. The funding rate in May still has room to decline further [2][3]. - Although the market's reaction to the statement of "timely reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts" has significantly dulled, considering the current policy focus and the impact of trade frictions on the fundamentals, reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts are still expected to be implemented within the second quarter [3]. - The increase in MLF volume in April is likely not to replace reserve requirement ratio cuts but rather to extend the maturity of medium - term liquidity injection. The necessity of reserve requirement ratio cuts has increased as the long - term liquidity released by the September 2024 reserve requirement ratio cut has been basically exhausted [3]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 March: Counter - seasonal Decline in Excess Reserve Ratio, but Increased Bank Lending Kept the Funding Market Stable - In March, the excess reserve ratio decreased by 0.2 percentage points month - on - month to 1.0%. The main reason was the significant decline in the central bank's claims on other depository corporations, which was much higher than the net withdrawal through OMO and the decline in other depository corporations' liabilities to the central bank [6]. - Although the excess reserve ratio decreased in March, the central bank may have supported banks implicitly to stabilize the funding market, as the bank's net lending increased significantly, and the funding rate center decreased compared to February. However, the funding gap index was relatively high, and the central bank's desired funding rate was still higher than the policy rate [8]. - In March, the increase in required reserves due to high credit growth and a significant decline in non - bank deposits, the decrease in government deposits, cash inflows, and the decline in foreign exchange holdings were all within the expected range. The use progress of special bonds was relatively fast, but the expenditure rhythm of replacement bonds was slightly lower than expected [10]. 3.2 April: Reserve Requirement Ratio Cuts and Interest Rate Cuts Did Not Materialize, but Increased Bank Lending Continued to Push Down the Funding Rate Center - In April, the general fiscal deficit was expected to be at a neutral level in recent years. The government bond supply pressure was higher than in previous years, but the expenditure of replacement bonds might lead to additional government deposit injections. The government deposits were expected to increase slightly by about 10 billion yuan, and the consumption of excess reserves was significantly weaker than in previous years [12]. - Credit issuance in April was expected to be weak, and the required reserve scale might decrease by 30 billion yuan, which would supplement liquidity. The currency issuance was expected to decrease by about 100 billion yuan, and foreign exchange holdings might continue to withdraw about 50 billion yuan [12]. - The central bank's net injection of pledged reverse repurchase in April was 320.8 billion yuan, MLF was over - renewed by 500 billion yuan, but the net withdrawal of outright reverse repurchase was 500 billion yuan. The central bank's claims on other depository corporations were expected to increase by about 320 billion yuan month - on - month. The excess reserve ratio in April was expected to increase by 0.1 percentage points to 1.1%, but it was still at a relatively low level in non - quarter - end months [12][13]. - The reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts did not materialize in April. The central bank might wait due to the need to coordinate with a package of policies. However, due to increased fundamental uncertainties, the central bank might support banks implicitly, pushing up bank net lending and making the funding rate approach the policy rate. The gap between R and DR reached the lowest level since May 2024 [31][32]. - The cross - month progress of various institutions in April was generally fast, at a relatively high level in the past five years, which kept the month - end liquidity relatively stable [34]. 3.3 May: Increased Government Bond Supply Pressure, and the Excess Reserve Ratio May Decline Again - In May, although the general fiscal deficit was expected to be at a relatively high level in recent years, and the expenditure of replacement bonds might lead to additional government deposit injections, the government bond supply pressure was significantly higher than in previous years. The government deposits were expected to increase by about 360 billion yuan [39]. - The required reserve in May was expected to increase seasonally, withdrawing about 30 billion yuan. The currency issuance was expected to decrease by about 100 billion yuan, supplementing the funding market. Foreign exchange holdings might continue to withdraw about 50 billion yuan [39]. - In the open market, the balance of pledged reverse repurchase at the end of May was assumed to drop to about 1 trillion yuan, with a net withdrawal of about 620 billion yuan. However, considering the significant increase in government bond net supply pressure, the central bank might use MLF and outright reverse repurchase to release medium - and long - term liquidity. The central bank's claims on other depository corporations were expected to decrease by about 140 billion yuan month - on - month. The excess reserve ratio in May was expected to be about 1.0%, a 0.1 - percentage - point decrease from April, at a historically low level [39]. - The Politburo meeting in April mentioned "timely reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts" again. Although the market's reaction was dull, considering the current policy focus and the impact of trade frictions, reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts were still expected to be implemented within the second quarter, but the specific timing needed to be observed [52]. - The increase in MLF volume in April was likely not to replace reserve requirement ratio cuts but to extend the maturity of medium - term liquidity injection. The necessity of reserve requirement ratio cuts has increased as the long - term liquidity released by the September 2024 reserve requirement ratio cut has been basically exhausted [53][56]. - Due to the increased unexpected changes in excess reserves and bank lending in recent years, the actual impact of reserve requirement ratio cuts has decreased. The central bank's attitude towards the funding market and policy rates may be more important. The central bank is likely to cut interest rates in Q2, but DR007 needs to return close to the policy rate first. Although the DR007 rate center may not directly drop to around 1.5% in May, the funding rate still has room to decline [59].
利率专题:博弈资金进一步转松?
Minsheng Securities· 2025-04-30 11:30
博弈资金进一步转松? 2025 年 04 月 30 日 ➢ 刚性的资金、盘整的债市 利率专题 4 月以来,资金面整体呈现"供需结构改善、价格相对稳定"的状态,在市 场对于资金面季节性转松的期待中,公开市场投放确实出现了改善,但资金价格 仍在政策利率上方窄幅震荡。 而受制于较为刚性的资金价格,短端下行空间已相对有限,长端的约束在加 大,当前 10 年-1 年国债利差仍在 2024 年以来的较低分位,曲线平坦化已进入 相对极致的状态,长端继续下探的动力也相对不足。 当前随着债市步入横盘震荡期,交易难度在增加,对此,如何看待? ➢ 货币政策取向再理解 由于当前实体消费和投资意愿待进一步提振,仅货币政策的扩张在提振经济 上或难以发挥出最大功效,若增量资金不断涌入债市、资金利率持续处于偏低水 平,也将增加利率风险。此外,当前外部环境复杂多变,货币政策保持定力,或 也旨在为后续应对留足空间。而运行于政策利率上方、呈现窄幅震荡的资金利率 便是多重考量下的均衡之举,与货币政策的支持性立场不矛盾,具体而言: (1)近年来,我国货币信贷增长已逐渐由供给约束转为需求约束,金融机 构此前在"规模情结"的驱使下,信贷投放力度较大,超出 ...
债券聚焦|适时降准降息窗口临近
中信证券研究· 2025-04-28 05:58
▍ 上 周债市震荡偏弱。 2 0 2 5年4月2 1日至2 0 2 5年4月2 5日,债市震荡偏弱。1 0年期国债收益率从上周的1 . 6 4 9 3%变动至1 . 6 6 0 6%;1 0年期国开债收益 率从上周的1 . 6 8 1 0%变动至1 . 6 9 6 1%;TS、TF、T、TL主力合约收盘价分别变动- 0 . 1 5 /- 0 . 3 0 /- 0 . 2 6 /- 0 . 0 2元。 文 | 明明 周成华 丘远航 赵诣 在贸易冲突背景下,预计从4月PMI开始,数据层面将逐步反映压力,适时降准降息时点临近,收益率曲线先牛陡后牛平的概率 更大。 ▍ 风险因素: 美国关税政策继续反复;货币政策、财政政策超预期;央行公开市场操作投放超预期;信用违约事件频发等。 本文节选自中信证券研究部已于 2025年4月27日 发布的《 每周债券策略聚焦20250426—适时降准降息窗口临近 》报告,具体分析内容(包括相关风险提示等)请详见报告。若因对报 告的摘编而产生歧义,应以报告发布当日的完整内容为准。 ▍ 具体看单日表现。 周一,LPR维持不变,现券收益率有所上行。周二,税 期尾声,资金利率回落,债市修复。周三 ...
事件点评:政策未超预期,经济或超预期
KAIYUAN SECURITIES· 2025-04-27 07:59
1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core Views of the Report - The key to economic recovery lies in the direction of the cash - flow statement, not "policy exceeding expectations". The economy may continue to recover even without super - expected policies, and subsequent economic conditions may remain favorable [2][4] - The pre - condition for interest rate cuts is an economic downturn, which may not be met currently. If conditions are triggered, the central bank is more likely to cut interest rates by 10BP [6] - There is an upward risk for the 10 - year Treasury bond yield. The report is optimistic about the convertible bond market in 2025, favoring domestic demand in the second and third quarters and external demand in the fourth quarter [6][7] 3. Summary by Related Content Economic Recovery and Policy Impact - Economic recovery does not rely on "policy exceeding expectations". For example, from Q4 2024 to Q1 2025, there were no super - expected policies, but the economy exceeded market expectations. Also, past policy measures like interest rate cuts and special bond issuances did not always lead to positive market responses [2][3] - The key to economic recovery is the direction of the cash - flow statement. Fiscal policy (accelerating bond issuance and use), debt resolution methods (expanding cash - flow statements after September 2024), and monetary policy (moderately rising social financing stock growth) all contribute to economic recovery. Incremental policies in finance, currency, and real estate are expected to further expand the cash - flow statement [4] - Although exports may decline due to US tariffs, the decline may be better than expected. After Q4 2024, with the cash - flow statement turning upward and policy support, the economy may maintain a good level [5] Interest Rate Cut Conditions - "Timely" and "opportunistic" for reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts are just different in applicable levels. The condition for "timely reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts" in the Politburo meeting may be an obvious downward economic trend. As the economy has not shown a significant downward trend in the past 5 months, the measure has not been implemented. If the economy stabilizes and recovers in Q2 and Q3 2025, the condition for interest rate cuts may not be triggered. If triggered, the central bank may cut interest rates by 10BP [6] Bond Yield and Convertible Bond Market - The current pricing of the 10 - year Treasury bond yield implies a significant decline in DR007 or OMO interest rate cuts. If the capital interest rate does not decline significantly from late April to May, there is an upward risk for the 10 - year Treasury bond yield. The triggers for bond yield increases may include capital, economic, and stock market factors [6][7] - The report is optimistic about the convertible bond market in 2025. If the market corrects after the April 2025 Politburo meeting, it may present an opportunity similar to that in January 2025. It favors domestic demand in the second and third quarters and external demand in the fourth quarter, with possible reasons including China's industrial chain trends, China - EU negotiation progress, and China's substitution of US exports [7]
流动性与机构行为跟踪40:基金配长缩量
Tebon Securities· 2025-04-07 03:15
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the given content. 2. Report's Core View - In the week from March 31 to April 3, after the cross - quarter, the capital interest rate declined, the net financing of large banks' lending increased, the net financing of certificates of deposit increased, and the issuance interest rates of certificates of deposit with various maturities generally decreased. In the cash bond trading, the main buyers were funds, but the scale of their net purchases decreased, mainly concentrated in 7 - 10Y interest - rate bonds and credit bonds within 1Y [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Monetary and Capital Market - **Open - market operations**: There were 1186.8 billion yuan of reverse repurchases due this week. The central bank injected 684.9 billion yuan of reverse repurchases from Monday to Thursday, with a net liquidity injection of - 501.9 billion yuan for the whole week [5][10]. - **Funding rates**: As of April 3, R001, R007, DR001, and DR007 were 1.66%, 1.74%, 1.62%, and 1.7% respectively, with changes of - 12.02BP, - 51.42BP, - 9.58BP, and - 35.28BP compared to March 28, and were at the 26%, 13%, 26%, and 9% historical quantiles respectively [5][13]. - **Net financing of main institutions**: The net financing of major lending institutions (large commercial banks/policy banks and joint - stock commercial banks) was 347 billion yuan for the whole week (March 31 - April 3), an increase of 1058.7 billion yuan compared with the previous week. The net financing of fund companies and securities companies was - 5.58 billion yuan and 3.02 billion yuan respectively, with a decrease of 27.74 billion yuan and 3.03 billion yuan compared with the previous week [5][16]. - **Pledged repurchase volume and overnight repurchase ratio**: The average daily trading volume of pledged repurchase was 60.8 trillion yuan, a 4% decrease from the previous week's average daily value. The average daily proportion of overnight repurchase was 86.4%, an increase of 4.53 percentage points from the previous week's average daily value, and was at the 60.4% quantile as of April 3 [5][23]. - **Leverage ratios of institutions**: As of April 3, the leverage ratios of banks, securities, insurance, and broad - based funds were 103.0%, 198.2%, 129.1%, and 105.4% respectively, with changes of 0.09BP, 1.51BP, - 3.17BP, and - 0.07BP compared to March 28, and were at the 9%, 17%, 77%, and 37% historical quantiles respectively [5][24]. 3.2 Certificates of Deposit and Bills - **Issuance and net financing of certificates of deposit**: The total issuance of certificates of deposit was 272.01 billion yuan, a decrease of 557.69 billion yuan from the previous week. The total amount due was 101.54 billion yuan, a decrease of 718.38 billion yuan from the previous week. The net financing was 170.47 billion yuan, an increase of 160.69 billion yuan from the previous week [5][29]. - **Issuance by bank type**: Joint - stock commercial banks had the highest issuance scale. The issuance scales of state - owned banks, joint - stock commercial banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks were 54.76 billion yuan, 107.63 billion yuan, 81.88 billion yuan, and 18.05 billion yuan respectively, with changes of - 321.10 billion yuan, - 72.82 billion yuan, - 148.51 billion yuan, and - 18.28 billion yuan compared to the previous week [29]. - **Issuance by maturity type**: The 1Y certificates of deposit had the highest issuance scale. The issuance scales of 1M, 3M, 6M, 9M, and 1Y certificates of deposit were 18.81 billion yuan, 82.13 billion yuan, 2.95 billion yuan, 19.72 billion yuan, and 148.4 billion yuan respectively, with changes of - 62.91 billion yuan, - 229.59 billion yuan, - 108.97 billion yuan, - 53.27 billion yuan, and - 102.95 billion yuan compared to the previous week [30]. - **Interest rates of certificates of deposit**: The issuance interest rates of certificates of deposit of all banks and all maturities decreased. As of April 3, the one - year issuance interest rates of joint - stock commercial banks, state - owned banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks decreased by - 2.18BP, - 3BP, - 7.36BP, and - 5.07BP respectively compared to March 28, and were at the 5%, 7%, 2%, and 2% historical quantiles. The issuance interest rates of 1M, 3M, and 6M certificates of deposit decreased by - 15.38BP, - 3.19BP, and - 2.23BP respectively compared to March 28, and were at the 12%, 8%, and 4% historical quantiles [40]. - **Bill interest rates**: As of April 3, the 3M direct - discount rate, 3M transfer - discount rate, 6M direct - discount rate, and 6M transfer - discount rate of state - owned and joint - stock banks were 1.25%, 1.09%, 1.14%, and 1.12% respectively, with changes of - 58BP, - 66BP, - 25BP, and - 21BP compared to March 28 [5][46]. 3.3 Institutional Behavior Tracking - **Main buyers and sellers of cash bonds**: The main buyers of cash bonds this week were funds, with a net purchase of 125.5 billion yuan, a decrease from the previous week. The main sellers were joint - stock commercial banks, with a net sale of 184.4 billion yuan, also a decrease from the previous week [5][48]. - **Net purchases of different institutions**: - **Funds**: Net - bought 125.5 billion yuan of cash bonds, including an increase of 70.7 billion yuan in interest - rate bonds, 37.1 billion yuan in credit bonds, 33.5 billion yuan in other bonds (including Tier 2 capital bonds and perpetual bonds), and a decrease of 15.7 billion yuan in certificates of deposit. In terms of maturity, interest - rate bonds were mainly concentrated in the 7 - 10Y range, and credit bonds were mainly within 1Y [48]. - **Wealth management products**: Net - bought 50.2 billion yuan of cash bonds, including an increase of 12.3 billion yuan in interest - rate bonds, 8.7 billion yuan in credit bonds, 6.3 billion yuan in other bonds, and an increase of 23 billion yuan in certificates of deposit. Interest - rate and credit bonds were mainly within 1Y [49]. - **Rural financial institutions**: Net - bought 39.7 billion yuan of cash bonds, including a decrease of 24.8 billion yuan in interest - rate bonds, an increase of 200 million yuan in credit bonds, an increase of 2.3 billion yuan in other bonds, and an increase of 61.9 billion yuan in certificates of deposit. Interest - rate bonds were mainly reduced in the 7 - 10Y range, and credit bonds were mainly increased in the 1 - 3Y range [49]. - **Insurance companies**: Net - bought 30.2 billion yuan of cash bonds, including an increase of 23 billion yuan in interest - rate bonds, 1.6 billion yuan in credit bonds, a decrease of 6.3 billion yuan in other bonds, and an increase of 11.8 billion yuan in certificates of deposit. Interest - rate bonds were mainly concentrated in the 15 - 20Y range, and credit bonds were mainly in the 3 - 5Y range [49].