Group 1 - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1][3][4] - The prize money amounts to 11 million Swedish Krona, with half awarded to Mokyr and the other half shared by Aghion and Howitt [2][3] Group 2 - Joel Mokyr is recognized for identifying the conditions necessary for sustained growth through technological advancement, emphasizing the mutual reinforcement between scientific breakthroughs and practical applications [3][10] - Mokyr's research highlights that the modern economic growth initiated post-Industrial Revolution was not due to a single technological breakthrough but rather a paradigm shift in human inquiry [10][39] - Aghion and Howitt are acknowledged for their theory of "creative destruction," which explains that economic growth is achieved through innovation that displaces outdated products and practices [4][45] Group 3 - Mokyr's work indicates that the continuous flow of "useful knowledge" is essential for sustained economic growth, contrasting the pre-Industrial Revolution reliance on normative knowledge [28][30] - Aghion and Howitt's model illustrates that "creative destruction" is the core driver of sustained growth, where new enterprises and jobs replace outdated ones, fostering a competitive environment [35][36] - Their research suggests that both high and low market concentration can hinder innovation, indicating the need for policies to manage market dynamics effectively [37][48] Group 4 - Mokyr emphasizes the importance of societal acceptance of change, as technological advancements can create both winners and losers, necessitating support for those affected [31][38] - The collaboration between Aghion and Howitt has led to significant advancements in understanding the relationship between innovation, competition, and economic growth [22][45] - Their work has implications for various fields, including education policy and financial structures, highlighting the role of government in facilitating innovation while managing its social costs [47][48]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1] - Mokyr received half of the prize for revealing the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement, while Aghion and Howitt shared the other half for their theory on sustained growth through creative destruction [1] Group 1 - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences highlighted that the world economy has experienced unprecedented growth over the past 200 years, primarily driven by continuous technological innovation [1] - The concept of "creative destruction" is emphasized as the process where new technologies replace old ones, leading to sustained economic growth [1] - The research of the laureates deepens the understanding of long-term growth and provides insights into contemporary issues, such as the potential benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence [1] Group 2 - Joel Mokyr, born in 1946, is currently a professor at Northwestern University in the United States [2] - Philippe Aghion, born in 1956, holds professorships at the Collège de France, INSEAD, and the London School of Economics [2] - Peter Howitt, also born in 1946, is a professor at Brown University in the United States [2]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1] - The Nobel Committee highlighted Mokyr's research on historical data that explains why sustained growth has become the norm in modern economies [1] - Aghion and Howitt developed a mathematical model in a 1992 paper to explain "creative destruction," illustrating the impact on companies selling old products when new, superior products enter the market [1] - John Hassler, the chairman of the Nobel Prize Committee, emphasized the importance of maintaining the mechanisms behind "creative destruction" to avoid economic stagnation [1] - The prize amount is 11 million Swedish Krona (approximately 1.17 million USD), with half awarded to Mokyr and the other half shared between Aghion and Howitt [1] Summary by Categories Award Recipients - Joel Mokyr, born in 1946 in the Netherlands, is currently a professor at Northwestern University in the USA [1] - Philippe Aghion, born in 1956 in Paris, France, is a professor at the Collège de France, INSEAD, and the London School of Economics [1] - Peter Howitt, born in 1946 in Canada, is a professor at Brown University in the USA [1] Economic Theories - Mokyr's work reveals the historical context of sustained economic growth [1] - Aghion and Howitt's mathematical model addresses the concept of "creative destruction" and its implications for market dynamics [1] - The Nobel Committee's remarks underline the necessity of understanding and preserving the mechanisms that drive economic growth [1]

Core Insights - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [2][3] Group 1: Theoretical Contributions - Mokyr's research emphasizes the role of knowledge and institutions in long-term growth, particularly in the context of the Industrial Revolution, highlighting the importance of practical knowledge accumulation and dissemination [4][5] - Aghion's core contribution is the "Schumpeterian endogenous growth model," which posits that creative destruction drives productivity growth through quality-enhancing innovations, establishing a relationship between competition and innovation [6][7] - Howitt, in collaboration with Aghion, integrates financial frictions and market structures into the endogenous growth framework, exploring the impact of credit constraints and institutional quality on innovation [7][8] Group 2: Policy Implications - The scholars advocate for a combination of innovation policies that balance incentives and knowledge diffusion, including moderate competition, reasonable patent durations, and R&D tax incentives [9][10] - They emphasize the need for tailored industrial and green policies that consider the specific conditions of advanced and catching-up economies, suggesting differentiated tools for different economic contexts [10][11] - The research highlights the importance of inclusive growth strategies to address income inequality resulting from innovation-driven growth, advocating for education, social security, and retraining programs [11][12] Group 3: Relevance to China - The scholars have engaged with Chinese academic institutions, providing insights on enhancing competition and innovation incentives, and suggesting a "frontier-catcher" policy approach [19][20] - They recommend directionality in technological change and green transformation through carbon pricing and emission standards, particularly in sectors like renewable energy and electric vehicles [21][22] - The emphasis on building a robust knowledge ecosystem and open scientific culture is crucial for China's innovation landscape, advocating for the establishment of engineering communities and industry associations [22]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [1][2] - Mokyr received half of the prize for his work on the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress, while Aghion and Howitt shared the other half for their theory on sustained growth under creative destruction [1] Group 1: Mokyr's Contributions - Mokyr's research addresses why the Industrial Revolution occurred in 18th century Britain rather than in India, emphasizing the importance of "useful knowledge" accumulation, inclusive institutional environments, and cultural respect for experimental science [3][4] - His work highlights the role of platforms like the Royal Society in knowledge sharing, patent laws in protecting innovators, and societal attitudes towards science as critical factors for technological transformation into sustained productivity [3] Group 2: Aghion and Howitt's Theory - Aghion and Howitt's "creative destruction" model explains the dynamics of innovation, where competitive R&D leads to vertical innovation as the ultimate source of growth [7] - Their model illustrates that increased R&D activity can rapidly destroy existing innovations, thereby impacting current R&D incentives, and it provides a framework for understanding the transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles [7][8] - The model also quantifies the effects of innovation on employment and industry structure, suggesting that while old industries may decline, the overall vitality of the economic ecosystem can improve [8] Group 3: Trends in Economic Research - Recent Nobel Prize selections reflect a shift in economic research from abstract theoretical modeling to addressing real-world issues, emphasizing dynamic processes over static analyses, and integrating interdisciplinary approaches [10] - This trend is particularly evident in new economic fields, where research must consider multiple dimensions such as technological feasibility, regulatory frameworks, and consumer behavior [10]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [4][5] - This award signals a shift in economic research focus from abstract mathematical models to the role of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial spirit in driving economic activity [4][5] Group 1: Contributions of the Awardees - Mokyr's research emphasizes the historical and cultural context necessary for the emergence of entrepreneurial spirit, highlighting the importance of a society that encourages exploration and allows for disruptive ideas [5][6] - Aghion and Howitt developed the "Schumpeterian growth paradigm," which portrays economic growth as a dynamic process of continuous industry iteration, characterized by "creative destruction" where new technologies and business models replace old ones [6][7] - The combined work of these three scholars presents a more comprehensive view of economic growth, integrating cultural, institutional, and individual agency into the analysis [6][7] Group 2: Implications for Economic Research - The 2025 Nobel Prize reflects a victory for a research paradigm that acknowledges the complexity and dynamism of economic activities, emphasizing the central role of human agency [7] - Aghion's insights suggest that managing the waves of creative destruction is crucial for achieving inclusive prosperity, reinforcing the need to recognize the often-overlooked entrepreneurial spirit in economic theory [7]

来源：经济学家圈 2025年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者的贡献及其对我国发展新质生产力的启示 龚六堂 武汉大学高级研究中心 北京大学数量经济与数理金融教育部重点实验室 2025年瑞典皇家科学院宣布，将诺贝尔经济学奖授予乔尔·莫基尔（Joel Mokyr）、菲利普·阿吉翁（Philippe Aghion）和彼得·豪伊特（Peter Howitt），以表 彰他们"阐明了创新驱动的经济增长机制，为理解现代经济繁荣提供了新的理论基础"。这是继2018年授予Paul Romer后再一次授予"增长与创新"这一主 题，表明了诺贝尔经济学奖的重视，也反映出世界经济在经历科技革命、地缘冲突与结构转型之后，对创新与制度动力的新关注。 三位学者的研究共同勾勒出一个宏大的问题：经济增长的持续性从何而来？Mokyr以经济史视角揭示了人类社会技术进步与知识积累的深层逻辑，强调文 化、制度与科学精神对技术扩散的重要作用；Aghion与Howitt则在理论上继承并发展了熊彼特的"创造性破坏"思想，通过建立内生增长模型，解释了创新 如何在竞争中不断替代旧技术、推动生产率提升。他们的工作使经济学能够系统分析创新、竞争、制度与政策之间的互动关系，从而把" ...

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [3] - The prize money amounts to 11 million Swedish Krona, with half awarded to Mokyr for identifying the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological advancement [3] - Aghion and Howitt jointly received the other half for their theory of sustained growth through "creative destruction," which explains how innovation leads to the obsolescence of old products [3] Group 1: Joel Mokyr - Joel Mokyr, born in Leiden, Netherlands, is recognized for his work combining micro-historical data with macro-narratives to explain the onset of modern economic growth post-Industrial Revolution [4][6] - Mokyr argues that the key to sustained growth lies in the systematic questioning of "why" rather than just "how," marking a paradigm shift in human thought [4][22] - His influential book, "A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy," emphasizes the importance of the accumulation of useful knowledge and the interaction of culture, institutions, and cognitive structures [25][26] Group 2: Philippe Aghion - Philippe Aghion, born in Paris, comes from a prominent family and has a strong background in mathematics, which led him to a career in economic research [10][11] - Aghion has been influential in shaping policies that encourage innovation and has argued against the notion that AI will lead to mass unemployment, citing historical trends of job creation following technological revolutions [11][20] - His collaboration with Howitt on the "creative destruction" model has significantly impacted the understanding of economic growth dynamics [13][26] Group 3: Peter Howitt - Peter Howitt, a Canadian economist, is known for his meticulous approach to economic theory and has contributed to the development of macroeconomic models linking micro-innovative activities to macroeconomic growth [12][13] - His partnership with Aghion has led to the formalization of the "creative destruction" concept within economic models, providing a quantitative framework for understanding innovation's role in growth [20][26] - Howitt's work has been recognized in academic circles, and he has been identified as a strong candidate for the Nobel Prize prior to this award [13][20] Group 4: Theoretical Contributions - Mokyr's research highlights that the continuous flow of "useful knowledge" is essential for sustained economic growth, contrasting with the pre-Industrial Revolution reliance on normative knowledge [15][17] - Aghion and Howitt's model illustrates that "creative destruction" is a core driver of economic growth, where new enterprises and jobs replace outdated ones, fostering a dynamic economic environment [20][21] - Their findings suggest that market concentration levels can significantly affect innovation processes, indicating the need for policies to manage monopolistic tendencies in order to sustain growth [21][26]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to economists Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the theory of innovation-driven economic growth [1][6] - The total prize amount is 11 million Swedish Krona, approximately 8.25 million RMB, with half awarded to Mokyr and the other half shared between Aghion and Howitt [6] Group 1: Achievements of the Laureates - Joel Mokyr focuses on the economic and knowledge roots of technological progress and its impact on industrialization and social welfare, particularly during the period from 1750 to 1914 [7] - Philippe Aghion is a leading scholar in innovation economics, studying how innovation drives long-term growth and its effects on labor, environment, and finance [7] - Peter Howitt is one of the founders of the modern "Schumpeterian" framework for economic growth, emphasizing the causes and effects of inflation and the role of monetary policy in economic stability [8] Group 2: Impact of Research Findings - The award highlights the importance of innovation in socio-economic development and clarifies the mechanisms linking technological development to sustainable growth [8] - The research outcomes provide guidance for industrial policy and corporate strategic development, especially in the context of the current technological and industrial revolution [8]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [2][4] - The Nobel Committee emphasized the importance of managing creative destruction constructively to avoid hindering innovation by established companies and interest groups [4] Group 1: Economic Growth and Beliefs - Economic changes in any period heavily depend on people's beliefs, more so than most economists acknowledge [6][7] - Mokyr's work highlights that the Enlightenment era significantly influenced economic outcomes, suggesting that ideology and culture play crucial roles in economic results [6][8] Group 2: Historical Context of Economic Transformation - Between 1700 and 1850, the UK experienced profound economic changes, with the population more than doubling and urbanization increasing significantly [9][11] - By 1850, 45% of the population lived in towns, up from 18% in 1700, indicating a shift towards market dominance in daily economic activities [9][10] Group 3: The Role of Ideas and Intellectual Competition - The competition among intellectuals, scientists, and entrepreneurs during the Industrial Revolution was pivotal in shaping economic development [7][8] - The emergence of dominant ideas often depended on favorable environments, but historical uncertainty and timing also played critical roles in their success [8][9] Group 4: Industrial Revolution and Economic Leadership - The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of modern economic growth, with the UK becoming the undisputed world economic leader by the time of the Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851 [10][11] - The period saw a significant transformation in consumption patterns and living standards, with luxury goods becoming accessible to a broader segment of the population [9][10]