首先，贸易冲突的进展仍主导市场短期运行。上周贸易冲突虽然没有明显升级，但是当前高额的关 税，使得全球贸易面临重大挑战，投资者的关注重心逐渐转向其对实体经济的影响。当前国际环境下， 国内积极的宏观经济政策如何进一步推进，成为市场关注的焦点和投资线索。与此同时，国内一季度的 经济数据和上市公司的年报、季报正在进入密集披露期，投资者需要密切关注具体数据是否能够达到市 场的预期。此外，上周美国人工智能芯片的出口政策有进一步收紧的趋势，科技领域的竞争和突围势在 必行，国内科技行业的进展也将很大程度上影响市场的风险偏好。 上周，两市震荡分化，成交大幅萎缩。沪指延续了上周的反弹，总体呈现继续修复的特征。但深圳 市场表现偏弱，周一开盘几乎就是最高点，随后一路小幅回落。量能方面，上周未能延续上周的放量格 局，量能出现了明显萎缩。上周市场热点主要集中在银行地产等低估值行业以及大消费行业。投资风格 方面，大盘蓝筹明显强于中小盘和科技风格。 从市场运行节奏看，沪指在周线箱体中轨线找到支撑，正在展开超跌反弹。沪指于三月中下旬，在 去年四季度的密集成交区间遇到较强技术阻力，开始进入调整。最终在周线的箱体中轨线附近找到支撑 并展开反弹。目 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article forecasts that China's economy will face a dual contraction in supply and demand in 2025, with demand contraction expected to be greater than supply contraction, leading to overall economic performance remaining below potential levels [2][4][34]. Economic Review of 2024 - China's GDP growth for 2024 is projected at 5.0%, successfully meeting the annual target, but showing a decline from 2023 [5][4]. - The total GDP for 2024 is estimated at 13,490.84 billion RMB, with quarterly growth rates fluctuating throughout the year [5]. - Effective demand remains insufficient, significantly impacting GDP growth, with consumption and investment both showing signs of weakness [5][9]. Supply Side Analysis - Industrial output in 2024 is expected to grow by 5.8%, indicating a recovery in the industrial economy, with variations across different types of enterprises and regions [6][7]. - High-tech industries are identified as key growth points for future industrial development [7]. Demand Side Analysis - Social retail sales are projected to grow by 3.5% in 2024, reflecting a decline in consumer spending compared to previous years [8]. - Fixed asset investment is expected to increase by 3.2%, but with a downward trend throughout the year, particularly in real estate, which is projected to decline by 10.6% [9][10]. Price Trends - The inflation rate is expected to remain low, with CPI growth at 0.2% and PPI at -2.2%, indicating ongoing demand insufficiency [10][11]. Monetary and Financial Conditions - New RMB loans are projected to decrease significantly, with a total of 18.09 trillion RMB in new loans, reflecting a 20.46% decline from 2023 [12][13]. - M2 growth is expected at 7.3%, indicating a stable but low level of liquidity in the market [13]. Factors Influencing 2025 Economic Outlook - Population decline and aging are expected to exacerbate labor shortages and economic growth challenges [15]. - Weak market expectations and ongoing geopolitical risks, particularly in U.S.-China relations, are anticipated to hinder economic recovery [16][20][22]. Natural Economic Trends for 2025 - Consumption is expected to show a slight increase, driven by policy support and consumer demand for upgrades [23]. - Investment growth is projected to stabilize, influenced by prior policy effects and ongoing structural adjustments [25]. - Export and import totals are expected to rise, although geopolitical tensions may pose challenges [26]. Supply Side Trends - The potential growth rate is likely to decline due to demographic changes, technological restrictions, and fluctuating energy prices [27]. - Labor force participation is expected to decrease, further impacting economic output [28]. Summary of Economic Challenges - The economy is projected to face dual contractions in supply and demand, with GDP growth potentially declining compared to 2024 [34]. - Key risks include real estate market instability, local government debt issues, and international geopolitical tensions [35][36][40]. Policy Outlook for 2025 - The GDP growth target is set around 5.0%, with CPI growth aimed at approximately 3% [42][43]. - Employment pressures are expected to increase, with a target of over 12 million new urban jobs [44]. - A combination of demand and supply management policies will be implemented to stimulate economic growth [46].

刘伟等：2025年中国经济形势展望与政策预期 热点聚焦 内容摘要： 2024年中国GDP同比增长5.0%，经济运行"总体平稳、稳中有进"，顺利 完成年初制定的5%左右增速目标。展望2025年，全国人口减少、市场预期偏弱、支 柱产业调整、地缘政治风险、能源格局变动等国内外因素仍将影响中国经济发展。中 国经济自然走势将是供给、需求双收缩的格局，且需求收缩大于供给，整体依然低于 潜在水平。房地产风险、地方债务风险、汇率及货币风险、贸易摩擦风险等将成为未 来中国经济发展的潜在风险点。鉴于此，2025年的政策目标仍需以需求端作为主要发 力点，同时，对供给端的稳定运行和市场环境的持续改善提供必要的支持，宏观调控 政策组合应该以需求、供给双扩张为主，以市场环境管理为辅。 全文字数 | 约13000字 2024年是实现"十四五"规划目标任务的关键一年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领下， 沉着应变，综合施策，我国经济运行总体平稳，稳中有进。数据显示，2024年我国GDP同比增长 5.0%，顺利完成年初制定的增速目标。 展望2025年，中国宏观经济运行的自然走势将是供给、需求双 收缩的格局，且需求收缩大于供给，低于潜在水平 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent State Council meeting led by Premier Li Qiang, focusing on the approval of the "2025 Key Work Division Plan" and amendments to the "Interim Regulations on Express Delivery" to promote green packaging in the express delivery industry [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Policy and Measures - The meeting emphasized the need for various departments to actively implement measures to achieve the economic and social development goals set for the year, especially in light of uncertainties [1][3]. - The fiscal deficit rate for this year is set at 4%, indicating a significant fiscal expansion to stabilize the economy, with expectations of increased fiscal spending [4]. - The government is committed to a proactive fiscal policy that balances supply optimization and demand expansion, aiming to boost consumption and improve livelihoods [4]. Group 2: Green Transformation in Express Delivery - The amendments to the express delivery regulations aim to enhance the green transformation of packaging, reducing resource consumption and environmental pressure [6][7]. - The government plans to establish a comprehensive support policy for the green transformation of express packaging, which includes reducing operational costs related to packaging, recycling, and cleaning [6][7]. - By the end of 2025, a complete green packaging standard system is expected to be established, with a ban on toxic and harmful packaging materials [7].

Core Insights - The report proposes adjusting Brunei Darussalam's consultation cycle from 12 months to 24 months, enhancing the dialogue and support for policy reforms [3][4][8] - Brunei's economy remains resilient, supported by ample buffers and prudent macroeconomic policies, with a stable outlook and balanced risks [3][7] - The transition to a longer consultation cycle will allow sufficient time for the implementation of identified policy reform priorities [8][10] Recent Developments - Brunei's economic resilience is attributed to strong buffers and ongoing prudent macroeconomic policies, with a stable outlook and balanced risks [3][7] - The country meets all criteria for transitioning to a 24-month consultation cycle, with limited external spillover potential and no outstanding credit to the IMF [7][9] Economic and Financial Indicators - As of 2023, Brunei's nominal GDP is projected at 20,274 million Brunei dollars, with a per capita nominal GDP of 33,581.1 USD [12] - The unemployment rate stands at 5.1%, with a labor force participation rate of 67.2% [12] - Oil production is expected to average 74 thousand barrels per day in 2023, with natural gas production at 1,214 million British thermal units per day [12] Policy Recommendations - The report emphasizes the need for structural reforms to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil and gas [14][16] - Fiscal policies should focus on maintaining prudent stances while protecting vulnerable groups and public investments [14][16] - Enhancing revenue generation capabilities through targeted measures, including a low-rate carbon tax and subsidy rationalization, is recommended [14][16]