Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the frameworks for analyzing the ten-year government bond yield, emphasizing its relationship with nominal GDP growth, dividend yield, supply-demand dynamics, and monetary policy [2][3][4]. Group 1: International Experience Framework - The ten-year government bond yield represents the risk-free rate of a country and should correspond to its economic growth and investment returns [2]. - Before unconventional monetary policies are implemented, a nominal GDP growth of 4%-5% typically corresponds to a ten-year bond yield of 2%-5% [2][22]. - Currently, China's nominal GDP growth is approximately 4.2%, while the ten-year bond yield is around 1.85% [7][22]. Group 2: Supply-Demand Perspective - The "scissors difference" between corporate and household deposits indicates strong demand for funds in the real economy, leading to upward pressure on bond yields [10][11]. - Over the past year, this scissors difference has increased by 9%, suggesting a higher probability of rising ten-year bond yields in the coming year [11][30]. - The non-bank investment gap has been trending upward since October 2024, indicating a higher risk appetite among financial institutions [13][34]. Group 3: Policy Perspective - The ten-year bond yield has declined more than the policy rate in recent years, with a difference of 12 basis points in 2022, 38 basis points in 2023, and 30 basis points in 2024 [3][37]. - Given the current strong equity market and the central bank's focus on preventing fund idling, the downward space for the ten-year bond yield is relatively limited [3][39]. - The expectation for unconventional monetary policy in 2025 has cooled, suggesting that the ten-year bond yield may gradually return to a normal range [4][39].

事件： 12月12日，央行公布2025年11月中国金融数据，信贷余额同比下降0.1个百分点至6.4%，社融存量 同比持平于8.5%，M1同比下行1.3个百分点至4.9%。 核心观点：M1增速回落源于财政节奏"错位" 11月金融数据中，M1增速回落或源于财政化债节奏错位。 2024年11月，财政部启动大规模化债政策，发 行2万亿元置换债为企业注入流动性，当月及12月单位活期存款环比增速显著高于正常季节性水平。2025 年化债资金发行"前置"，支撑了上半年M1与经济增长，但导致年底M1增速缺乏改善动力，这或是11月 M1增速下滑的主因之一。 此外，M1增速回落或与居民存款下降相关，这直接与居民信贷收缩关联。 10-11月居民信贷需求持续收 缩，同比分别少增5204亿、4763亿元，其中短期贷款合计收缩5144亿元，或令居民活期存款走弱，进而 拖累M1增速。居民信贷与就业紧密相关，11月BCI企业前瞻指数回暖至57.37，但最近12月中枢偏低，或 是居民信贷谨慎的主因。 11月企业贷款仍以短期融资为主，尽管PPI已中枢抬升（从7月-3.6%回升至11月-2.2%），但企业投资仍 持观望态度。 当月企业短期贷款及票据 ...

Core Viewpoint - The decline in M1 growth is attributed to the misalignment of fiscal debt issuance timing, with significant liquidity injections from the issuance of 2 trillion yuan in replacement bonds in November 2024, which supported M1 and economic growth in the first half of 2025 but led to a lack of improvement in M1 growth by the end of the year [2][8][49] Financial Data Summary - As of November 2025, the credit balance decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 6.4%, while the total social financing stock remained flat at 8.5%, and M1 fell by 1.3 percentage points to 4.9% [1][7][47] - The M1 growth decline is also linked to a decrease in household deposits, which is directly related to a contraction in household credit demand, with significant reductions in short-term loans [2][11][38] - In November, corporate loans were primarily short-term, with a slight increase in short-term loans and bill financing, while medium to long-term loans saw a minor decline, indicating a cautious investment attitude among enterprises despite rising PPI [16][49] Social Financing and Government Debt - The growth rate of social financing stock showed signs of recovery, primarily due to a narrowing decline in government debt net financing, which decreased by 1,048 billion yuan year-on-year, significantly less than the 5,643 billion yuan decline in October [3][21][49] - The government debt net financing plan for December indicates a remaining quota of 1.2 trillion yuan, while the financing for December 2024 is projected to be as high as 17,566 billion yuan, which may again pressure social financing growth [21][49] Monetary Policy Outlook - Following the Central Economic Work Conference's emphasis on promoting stable economic growth and reasonable price recovery as key considerations for monetary policy, future monetary policy may become more proactive [23][49] - The People's Bank of China has indicated a flexible and efficient use of various monetary policy tools, including potential reductions in reserve requirements and interest rates, to adapt to macroeconomic conditions [23][49] Regular Tracking of Financial Indicators - In November, new credit totaled 390 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 190 billion yuan, primarily due to a reduction in household loans [4][50] - The structure of deposits showed a year-on-year decrease in household deposits by 120 billion yuan, corporate deposits by 94.7 billion yuan, and fiscal deposits by 190 billion yuan [38][50]

密集宏观事件落地，虽未有超预期 增量政策，但建议偏乐观看待 0755-23375161 chenzy@wkqh.cn 从业资格号：F03098415 交易咨询号：Z0020771 陈张滢（黑色建材组） 锰硅周报 2025/12/13 CONTENTS 目录 01 周度评估及策略推荐 04 供给及需求 02 期现市场 05 库存 03 利润及成本 06 图形走势 产业链示意图 01 周度评估及策略推荐 周度要点小结 ◆ 天津6517锰硅现货市场报价5700元/吨，环比-20元/吨；期货主力（SM603）收盘报5730元/吨，环比-28元/吨；基差160元/吨，环比+8元/吨， 基差率2.74%，处于历史统计值的偏高水平。 ◆ 利润：锰硅测算即期利润（不含折旧等费用）维持低位，内蒙-551元/吨，环比+27元/吨；宁夏-707元/吨，环比-42元/吨；广西-671元/吨， 环比+76元/吨。（利润为测算值，仅供参考） ◆ 成本：测算内蒙锰硅即期成本（不含折旧等费用)在6071元/吨，环比-37元/吨；宁夏在6187元/吨，环比+2元/吨；广西在6271元/吨，环比- 26元/吨。（成本为测算值，仅供参考） ◆ 供 ...

Group 1: Economic Policy Directions - The meeting proposed five new "musts," which are an iteration of last year's five "musts," reflecting a deeper understanding of economic work[16] - Fiscal policy continues to be described as "more proactive," focusing on improving fiscal revenue, maintaining debt intensity, and optimizing expenditure structure[18] - Monetary policy remains "appropriately loose," with an emphasis on policy effectiveness, balancing between broad money supply and credit[22] Group 2: Key Economic Tasks - Expanding domestic demand remains the top priority, with expectations for a "rural and urban resident income increase plan" and efforts to stabilize investment[24] - Risk prevention in key areas, particularly in real estate, focuses on stabilizing housing prices and improving supply-demand dynamics, with "deepening housing fund system reform" as a major highlight for next year[28]

本文转自【人民网】； 中国人民银行（以下简称"央行"）公告表示，为保持银行体系流动性充裕，2025年12月15日，央行将以固定数量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展6000 亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为6个月（182天）。 | | | | 中国人民银行 THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF CHINA | | 货币政策司 Monetary Policy Department | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 信息公开 | 新闻发布 | 法律法规 | 货币政策 | 宏观审慎 | 信贷政策 | 金融市场 | 金融稳定 | 调查统计 | 银行会计 | 支付体系 | | | 金融科技 | 人民币 | 经理国库 | 国际交往 | 人员招录 | 学术交流 | 征信管理 | 反洗钱 | 党建工作 | | | 服务互动 | 政务公开 | 政策解读 | 公告信息 | 图文直播 | 央行研究 | 音频视频 | 市场动态 | 网上展厅 | 报告下载 | 报刊年鉴 | | | 网送文告 | 办事大厅 | ...

11月新增社融约2.5万亿，同比小幅多增1597亿元，对应单月社融增 速持平于8.5%。结构上，少增部分主要是政府债和信贷，政府债少 增1048亿元，其次是人民币贷款同比少增1163亿元。其他方面多同 比多增，其中：企业债券受益于科创债延续多增以及债贷相对性价 比的提升（1YLPR-1YAA+中短票收益率之差10-11月整体上升）， 实现同比多增1788亿元；非标融资在低基数下同比多增1328亿元， 人民币升值背景下外币贷款同比多增246亿元。 25年11月金融数据：社融改善，信贷和存款仍 有待修复 2025年12月13日 事项：2025年12月12日，央行发布25年11月金融数据，新增社融 24885亿，同比多增1597亿元，高于wind市场预期的2.02万亿；信贷 口径，新增人民币贷款3900亿元，同比少增1900亿元，较市场预期 低1143亿元。 1 社融同比多增，主要是非标融资+企业债券多增贡献 3 存款活化趋势+流失压力，M1-M2剪刀差回落，存款结构上回落 分布相对均衡 M1、M2增速延续回落，M1-M2增速剪刀差下降。10月基数效应消退 后，M1增速重新回到回落区间，11月M1增速进一步回落1. ...

出台实施增量政策 韩文秀：明年还将根据形势变化 12月13日，2025-2026中国经济年会召开，主题为"贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神，以高质量发展 为'十五五'开好局"。中央财办分管日常工作的副主任、中央农办主任韩文秀，国家发展改革委副秘书 长肖渭明，中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣发表演讲。 韩文秀表示，做好明年经济工作，要坚持稳中求进，提质增效，加大逆周期和跨周期调节，切实提升宏 观经济治理效能。去年9月26日中央政治局会议以来，先后出台实施了一系列政策措施，明年还将根据 形势变化出台实施增量政策。要协同发挥存量政策和增量政策的集成效应，推动经济稳中向好。市场经 济很大程度上是预期经济，要健全预期管理机制，做好经济宣传和舆论引导，及时回应市场关切，有效 提振社会信心。 要深入扩大高水平对外开放，进一步拓展中间品贸易。培育服务出口新增长点，引导外资更多投向先进 制造、现代服务、高新技术、节能降碳环保的领域，扎实推动共建"一带一路"高质量发展，研究一批扩 大自主开放单边开放的新举措。以海南自贸港全岛封关为契机，不断完善政策制度体系，加快推进区域 和双边贸易投资协定进程，扩大和丰富高标准自由贸易区域网络。 ...

"具体来说，央行已经建立起了一套流动性管理工具组合拳，可通过各种工具的配合使用，有效应对财 政税收、政府债券发行等短期波动，货币市场运行整体平稳，短端货币市场利率围绕政策利率中枢小幅 波动，银行体系流动性保持充裕。近期我国在工具创新上力度比较大，比如将国债买卖纳入货币政策工 具箱，创设两项支持资本市场的货币政策工具等，这些都将进一步提升我国流动性管理的效果。"业内 专家如是表示。 12月12日央行发布公告，为保持银行体系流动性充裕，2025年12月15日，中国人民银行将以固定数量、 利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展6000亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为6个月（182天）。 近日召开的中央经济工作会议提出要继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策延续适度宽松基调，业内 预测央行会综合运用政策工具，确保流动性充裕。 "央行中短期流动性的投放方式已经基本固定，即：每月5日左右开展3个月期买断式逆回购、15日左右 开展6个月期买断式逆回购、25日左右开展MLF操作。"招联首席研究员董希淼分析称，12月5日有10000 亿元3个月期买断式逆回购到期，当日央行开展了10000亿元3个月期买断式逆回购操作，为等量续作。 本月还有4 ...

Core Viewpoint - The global commodity market is experiencing divergent trends, with oil prices hitting a low, copper prices facing significant drops, and gold showing mixed signals, reflecting complex global economic dynamics driven by supply-demand fundamentals, industry logic, and monetary policy [1][3][5]. Oil Market - Oil prices have fallen to their lowest level since May, primarily due to an oversupply situation, with market expectations indicating that global oil supply will exceed demand next year [3]. - High production levels in the U.S. and concerns about economic prospects are suppressing demand expectations, creating fundamental pressure on oil prices [3]. - The approaching holiday season is leading to thin trading volumes, which can amplify price volatility in response to market movements, such as declines in U.S. stock markets [3]. Copper Market - Copper prices dropped by 3%, influenced by a significant decline in U.S. tech stocks, which are seen as a proxy for future demand [3]. - The market has redefined copper as the "AI metal," essential for AI data center construction and grid upgrades, making its pricing sensitive to shifts in tech stock performance [3]. - The recent price drop is viewed as a correction of previous rapid gains, but the long-term narrative surrounding global green transition and electrification remains strong [4]. Gold Market - Gold's price movements are closely tied to market perceptions of Federal Reserve policy, with recent hawkish comments from Fed officials dampening expectations for rapid rate cuts [3]. - Although gold is supported by safe-haven demand, the momentum for significant price increases has weakened, leading to a narrowing of its price gains [3]. - The core rationale for holding gold should focus on hedging against currency credit risks and extreme uncertainties rather than chasing short-term rate cut benefits [4]. Investment Strategy - For oil, the current oversupply situation suggests that it is better suited as an indicator of global demand and economic cycles rather than a long-term investment, with high short-term trading risks [4]. - For copper, the recent adjustment may provide a better entry point for investors who believe in its long-term value, emphasizing the need to distinguish between "bubble" and "value" [4]. - For gold, the current market conditions suggest a phase of high volatility, where maintaining positions for observation is preferable to aggressive buying [4].