1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No information about industry investment ratings is provided in the reports. 2. Core Views of the Reports 2.1 Palm Oil - Affected by a mix of bullish and bearish fundamentals, palm oil futures prices will continue to trade in a range. In the domestic market, Dalian palm oil futures are consolidating, with short - term prices holding above 8,500 yuan. Attention should be paid to whether it can effectively break through the moving average resistance and whether Malaysian palm oil can hold above 4,000 ringgit [1]. 2.2 Soybean Oil - Uncertainty in the US biodiesel policy makes CBOT soybean oil vulnerable to the movements of related varieties. Although the purchase of US soybeans by Cofco this week boosted CBOT soybean prices, global soybean supply remains ample, keeping CBOT soybeans under pressure. In the domestic market, the pre - Spring Festival stocking period and reduced soybean imports are positive factors, but CBOT soybeans may still correct after a short - term rebound, and the May contract of Dalian soybean oil faces resistance around 7,950 - 8,000 yuan [1]. 2.3 Rapeseed Oil - With limited available domestic rapeseed oil in the spot market, the market is closely watching whether COFCO will start operations on the 10th. Supported by tight spot supply, the downside for rapeseed oil in the short term is limited, and the overall trend will be a wide - range shock adjustment [1]. 2.4 Red Dates - Downstream demand is on a need - to - buy basis, with more buyers inspecting goods, but there is no significant improvement in trading volume. Spot prices are weakly stable. Driven by positive sentiment in the commodity market, futures prices rebounded, and the basis narrowed. The generation of new - season warehouse receipts is accelerating. The pre - Spring Festival stocking and actual inventory - reduction progress should be monitored. In the short term, there is no obvious fundamental driver, and futures prices will fluctuate and consolidate [2]. 2.5 Corn - In the northeast, corn trading is average, and prices are stable, while in the north port, prices declined slightly due to increased arrivals. In the north China region, farmers are reluctant to sell, and the number of trucks arriving at deep - processing plants is low. However, due to profit losses, plants are not willing to raise prices, so prices are generally stable. On the demand side, low inventory at the north port supports prices, but deep - processing plants' profit losses limit their acceptance of high - priced corn, and feed companies have sufficient inventory. Policy - wise, the targeted auction of imported corn and the start of competitive sales supplement market supply but have limited short - term impact. In the short term, the reluctance to sell and downstream restocking support the futures market, but selling pressure and policy - driven supply limit the upside. Attention should be paid to policy implementation and farmers' selling attitudes [5]. 2.6 Sugar - As the Brazilian sugarcane crushing season nears its end, its influence on the raw sugar market is diminishing. The market focus has shifted to the northern hemisphere's sugarcane production. India's sugar production in the 2025/26 season is increasing, while Thailand's production is still down year - on - year. In the short term, prices are expected to trade in the range of 14.5 - 15.5 cents per pound. In the domestic market, pre - Spring Festival stocking has boosted sales, and December's Guangxi production and sales data met expectations. However, as it is the peak of the sugar - making season, market participants are cautious, and price increases face resistance. Sugar prices are expected to remain in a low - level range - bound pattern [8][9]. 2.7 Apples - With the approaching Spring Festival stocking season, the trading atmosphere in the apple market has warmed up, and the number of trucks arriving at wholesale markets has increased. High - quality apples are in short supply and prices are firm, but high prices may suppress consumption, and competition from other fruits (such as citrus) has put pressure on ordinary apples' inventory. Futures prices have rebounded, and delivery profits have improved. Attention should be paid to inventory - reduction progress [13]. 2.8 Cotton - ICE cotton futures declined due to falling crude oil prices and a stronger US dollar. In the US cotton - growing areas, rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, and an increasing drought index are in line with the winter La Nina weather pattern. USDA export sales have returned to normal levels, and shipments have slowed. In the domestic market, processing enterprises are holding firm on prices, and the basis is strong. The core drivers are the expected reduction in cotton planting in Xinjiang and downstream restocking, but low - cost foreign cotton and the off - season demand limit price increases. In the short term, cotton prices are expected to remain bullish, but there is a risk of correction after continuous price increases [16]. 2.9 Eggs - Based on previous chick sales data, the number of laying hens entering the laying period in January is expected to be lower than the number of old hens leaving the flock, potentially reducing the laying - hen inventory and easing supply pressure. After continuous price increases, the downstream market is resistant to high - priced eggs, and all sectors are actively selling. Egg prices in the production areas are mixed. Market circulation is smooth, and inventory levels are low. As the traditional consumption peak approaches, downstream stocking demand is rising, but due to relatively ample supply, the main contract is expected to trade in a low - level range [18]. 2.10 Pigs - Spot pig prices have returned to a range - bound pattern. After the New Year's Day, market demand has declined significantly. In the north, pig sales have decreased, but high prices have dampened slaughterhouses' purchasing enthusiasm. In the south, demand has dropped sharply, providing little support for prices. Some second - fattening operations are still buying, but overall enthusiasm is low due to high current prices and weak future expectations. The market is betting on pre - Spring Festival consumption, but pigs are expected to be sold in mid - to - late January, and the overall supply in January is expected to be ample. Futures prices were previously strong due to market sentiment, but the upside is limited, and there will be pressure later [19]. 2.11 Meal - Affected by funds and sentiment, US soybean prices are strong, but the global supply - demand situation remains loose, and the expected high - yield in South America continues to suppress prices. The market is waiting for the USDA supply - demand report next Monday for new trading guidance. In the domestic market, the supply of soybeans and soybean meal remains ample, but the expected future tightness supports the 3 - 5 spread and basis. The expected low arrivals in the first quarter are uncertain due to auctions and arrival schedules. The downside for soybean meal is limited, and the upside is mainly affected by policy. In the short term, with positive macro sentiment, the futures market will be range - bound and bullish [21]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Price and Spread Data 3.1.1 Oils - **Soybean Oil**: On January 7, the spot price in Jiangsu was 8,460 yuan, the May 2026 futures price (Y2605) was 7,958 yuan, up 0.58% from the previous day, and the basis was 502 yuan, down 8.39% [1]. - **Palm Oil**: The spot price of 24 - degree palm oil in Guangdong was 8,570 yuan, the May 2026 futures price (P2605) was 8,562 yuan, up 0.73%, and the basis was 8 yuan, down 88.57%. The import cost at Guangzhou Port for May was 8,930 yuan, down 0.18%, and the import profit was - 368 yuan, up 17.58% [1]. - **Rapeseed Oil**: The spot price of third - grade rapeseed oil in Jiangsu was 9,900 yuan, the May 2026 futures price (OI605) was 9,130 yuan, down 0.38%, and the basis was 802 yuan, up 4.55% [1]. - **Spreads**: The 05 - 09 spread for the three oils was 150 yuan, up 8.70%; for palm oil, it was 110 yuan, down 6.78%; for rapeseed oil, it was 14 yuan, down 73.08%. The spot soybean - palm oil spread was - 110 yuan, unchanged; the 2605 spread was - 604 yuan, down 2.72%. The spot rapeseed - soybean oil spread was 1,440 yuan, unchanged; the 2605 spread was 1,137 yuan, down 6.65% [1]. 3.1.2 Red Dates - On January 8, the price of the main contract (2605) was 9,150 yuan/ton, up 1.95%. The 5 - 7 spread was - 45 yuan/ton, up 35.71%, and the 5 - 9 spread was - 180 yuan/ton, up 18.18%. The basis for Cangzhou's top - grade red dates was - 75 yuan/ton, up 60%. The total number of warehouse receipts and valid forecasts was 3,008, up 1.72% [2]. 3.1.3 Corn - The price of the March 2026 corn contract (2603) was 2,248 yuan/ton, up 1.17%. The basis was 72 yuan, down 30.10%. The 3 - 7 spread was - 36 yuan, up 21.74%. The north - south trading profit was - 21 yuan, down 31.25%, and the import profit was 267 yuan, up 3.71% [5]. 3.1.4 Sugar - The May 2026 sugar futures price (2605) was 5,281 yuan/ton, up 0.42%. The 5 - 9 spread was - 12 yuan, up 25%. The spot price in Nanning was 5,350 yuan/ton, up 0.19%, and the basis was 69 yuan, down 14.81%. Nationwide, the cumulative sugar production was 105 million tons, down 23.24%, and the cumulative sales were 35 million tons, down 42.53% [8]. 3.1.5 Apples - The price of the main contract (2605) was 8,583 yuan/ton, down 0.32%. The 5 - 10 spread was 1,109 yuan, up 2.40%. The basis was - 1,383 yuan, up 2.19%. The total number of trucks arriving at three major fruit wholesale markets increased, and the national cold - storage inventory was 733.56 million tons, down 1.41% [10]. 3.1.6 Cotton - The May 2026 cotton futures price (2605) was 15,035 yuan/ton, up 1.21%. The 5 - 9 spread was - 190 yuan, down 2.70%. The Xinjiang ex - factory price of 3128B cotton was 15,574 yuan/ton, up 0.56%. The commercial inventory was 534.9 million tons, up 14.2%, and the industrial inventory was 98.39 million tons, up 4.7% [16]. 3.1.7 Eggs - The March 2026 egg futures price (03) was 3,011 yuan/500 kg, up 0.37%. The basis was 86 yuan/500 kg, up 69.26%. The 3 - 4 spread was - 253 yuan, down 1.20%. The price of egg - laying chicks was 2.8 yuan per chick, unchanged, and the price of culled hens was 3.95 yuan per catty, up 2.07% [18]. 3.1.8 Pigs - The price of the May 2026 pig futures contract (2605) was 12,260 yuan/ton, up 0.04%. The basis of the main contract was 1,215 yuan, up 6.58%. The 3 - 5 spread was - 475 yuan, down 6.74%. The spot price in Henan was 13,000 yuan/ton, up 0.39%. The self - breeding profit per pig was - 35 yuan, up 73.41%, and the number of fertile sows was 3,990 million heads, down 1.12% [19]. 3.1.9 Meal - For soybean meal, the spot price in Jiangsu was 3,120 yuan, up 0.65%. The May 2026 futures price (M2605) was 2,811 yuan, up 1.26%, and the basis was 300 yuan, down 4.63%. The import crushing profit for Brazilian soybeans for February shipment was 157 yuan, up 45.4%. For rapeseed meal, the spot price in Jiangsu was 2,490 yuan, up 2.05%, and the May 2026 futures price (RM2605) was 2,419 yuan, up 1.21% [21].

本报告中的信息均来源于被广发期货有限公司认为可靠的已公开资料，但广发期货对这些信息的准确性及完整性不作任何保证。本报告反映 研究人员的不同观点、见解及分析方法,并不代表广发期货或系附属机构的立场,在任何情况下,报告内审仪供参考,报告中的信息或所霖 达的意见并不构成所述品种买卖的出价或询价，投资者据此投资，风险自担。本报告旨在发送给 发期货特定客户及其他专业人士,版权归 广发期货所有，未经广发期货书面授权，任何人不得对本报告进行任何形式的发布、复制。如引用、刊发，需注明出处为"广发期货" 知识图强, 求实奉献, 客户至上, 合作共赢 | を业期现日报 | | | --- | --- | | 王涛庭 Z0019938 | 投资咨询业务资格:证监许可 【2011】1292号 2026年1月6日 | | | 原田 | | 1月5日 1月4日 涨跌 涨跌幅 | | | 江苏一级 8410 8410 0 0.00% | 现价 | | Y2605 7856 7862 -୧ -0.08% | 期价 | | Y2605 554 548 б 1.09% | 基差 | | 江苏5月 05 + 520 05 +520 0 - | 现 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings There is no information provided regarding the industry investment ratings in the reports. 2. Core Views of the Reports Oils and Fats - Palm oil: Malaysian palm oil futures may face downward pressure if they cannot hold above 4,100 ringgit, with support at 4,000 ringgit. In China, Dalian palm oil futures could break down due to bearish fundamentals, with support around 8,000 yuan. - Soybean oil: The US EIA has lowered its forecasts for renewable diesel production in 2025 and 2026. However, the Fed's potential rate cuts and the rebound of BMD palm oil support CBOT soybean oil. In China, the spot basis is shifting to the May contract, and the first - quarter soybean imports are expected to decrease, which may reduce factory soybean oil inventories [1]. Meals - US soybeans: Lack trading highlights, with slow - growing Chinese demand and high crushing demand. South American new crops are progressing well with strong harvest expectations. The market is not optimistic about medium - to - long - term US soybean prices. - Domestic soybean meal: The loose supply pattern continues, but the market is speculating on longer soybean customs clearance times, and the 1 - 5 positive spread has strengthened. The spot pressure remains, but the future supply is expected to tighten [2]. Pigs - The market has some reluctance to sell, and the spot price is stable. The southern curing demand is increasing, but there are uncertainties in the December - January market due to the potential impact of the epidemic and secondary fattening. The overall supply pressure is large, and the price is hard to improve. The futures market is struggling to rise and has fallen in the past two days [4]. Sugar - ICE raw sugar futures are under pressure below 15 cents per pound. Indian sugar production in Maharashtra is increasing. The overall raw sugar price is bearish. In China, the sugar price is weak due to the accelerated sugar - cane crushing in Guangxi and Yunnan, and the market is expected to remain in a weak - oscillating pattern [8][9]. Corn - North port corn prices rose slightly due to insufficient arrivals, while prices in the Northeast and North China were stable to weak. The demand side is cautious, with deep - processing and feed enterprises mainly making purchases based on rigid needs. The short - term corn futures are expected to oscillate, and the follow - up supply volume should be monitored [10]. Eggs - The supply of eggs is relatively sufficient, although the November national laying - hen inventory decreased slightly. The market has a normal sales speed, but the demand is weak. Egg prices are expected to oscillate weakly with limited downside [14]. Cotton - ICE cotton futures fell due to weak US export demand. In China, Zhengzhou cotton faces increasing hedging pressure during the price increase, but the downstream demand is relatively strong, and the price decline space may be limited. Attention should be paid to the 14,000 pressure level [16]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Oils and Fats - **Soybean Oil**: On December 11, the spot price in Jiangsu was 8,600 yuan, up 0.58% from the previous day. The futures price of Y2605 was 8,268 yuan, up 0.56%. The basis was 328 yuan, and the warehouse receipts remained unchanged at 25,964 [1]. - **Palm Oil**: The spot price of 24 - degree palm oil in Guangdong was 8,680 yuan on December 11, up 0.46%. The futures price of P2605 was 8,656 yuan, up 1.33%. The basis was - 75.51%. The import cost was 9,102.8 yuan, and the import profit was - 447 yuan [1]. - **Rapeseed Oil**: The spot price of third - grade rapeseed oil in Jiangsu was 10,000 yuan on December 11, up 3.09%. The futures price of OI601 was 9,443 yuan, up 1.65%. The basis was 401 yuan, and the warehouse receipts were 3,490 [1]. Meals - **Soybean Meal**: The spot price in Jiangsu was 3,060 yuan on December 11, up 0.66%. The futures price of M2605 was 2,750 yuan, down 0.15%. The basis was 310 yuan, and the warehouse receipts were 23,830 [2]. - **Rapeseed Meal**: The spot price in Jiangsu was 2,410 yuan on December 11, up 1.26%. The futures price of RM2605 was 2,323 yuan, down 0.26%. The basis was 87 yuan, and the warehouse receipts were 0 [2]. - **Soybeans**: The spot price of Harbin soybeans was 3,940 yuan, unchanged. The futures price of the main soybean contract was 4,173 yuan, up 0.29%. The basis was - 233 yuan [2]. Pigs - **Futures**: The futures price of LH2605 was 11,820 yuan on December 11, down 0.17%. The futures price of LH2603 was 11,220 yuan, down 0.80%. The 3 - 5 spread was - 600 yuan, down 13.21%. The main - contract positions increased by 3.54% to 154,716, and the warehouse receipts increased by 40.21% to 523 [4]. - **Spot**: The spot price in Henan was 11,360 yuan, up 60 yuan; in Shandong, it was 11,330 yuan, up 130 yuan; in Sichuan, it was 12,000 yuan, up 200 yuan; in Liaoning, it was 11,390 yuan, up 90 yuan; in Guangdong, it was 12,460 yuan, unchanged; in Hunan, it was 11,160 yuan, unchanged; in Hebei, it was 11,660 yuan, up 160 yuan [4]. Sugar - **Futures**: The futures price of SR2601 was 5,358 yuan on December 11, up 0.56%. The futures price of SR2605 was 5,245 yuan, up 0.38%. The ICE raw sugar main - contract price was 14.86 cents per pound, down 0.27%. The 1 - 5 spread was 113 yuan, up 9.71%. The main - contract positions increased by 62.10% to 391,467, and the warehouse receipts increased by 54.29% to 611 [8]. - **Spot**: The spot price in Nanning and Kunming was unchanged. The Nanning basis was 115 yuan, down 14.81%; the Kunming basis was 75 yuan, down 21.05%. The in - quota imported Brazilian sugar price was 4,100 yuan, up 2.07%, and the out - of - quota price was 5,195 yuan, up 2.12% [8]. Corn - **Corn**: The futures price of C2601 was 2,243 yuan on December 11, up 0.09%. The Jinzhou Port flat - hatch price was 2,290 yuan, up 0.44%. The basis was 57 yuan, up 16.33%. The 1 - 5 spread was - 24 yuan, unchanged [10]. - **Corn Starch**: The futures price of CS2601 was 2,523 yuan, down 0.36%. The Changchun and Weifang spot prices were unchanged. The basis was 67 yuan, up 15.52%. The 1 - 5 spread was - 53 yuan, down 1.92% [10]. Eggs - **Futures**: The futures price of JD01 was 3,144 yuan on December 11, down 0.29%. The futures price of JD02 was 2,968 yuan, down 0.40%. The 1 - 2 spread was 176 yuan, up 1.73%. - **Spot**: The egg - producing area price was 3.09 yuan per catty, up 0.64%. The basis was - 57 yuan, up 33.37% [14]. Cotton - **Futures**: The futures price of CF2605 was 13,850 yuan on December 11, up 0.65%. The futures price of CF2601 was 13,860 yuan, up 0.58%. The ICE US cotton main - contract price was 64.00 cents per pound, down 0.19%. The 5 - 1 spread was - 10 yuan, up 50.00%. The main - contract positions decreased by 3.02% to 460,016, and the warehouse receipts decreased by 0.10% to 2,967 [16]. - **Spot**: The Xinjiang arrival price of 3128B cotton was 14,835 yuan, up 0.03%. The CC Index 3128B was 15,013 yuan, up 0.06%. The FC Index M 1% was 12,898 yuan, up 0.40% [16].

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core View The report indicates that the international soybean market is currently in a relatively loose supply - demand situation. The US soybean market shows a relatively strong trend due to increased exports, but the Brazilian soybean market may face price pressure in the medium - term. Domestic soybean meal and rapeseed meal prices are under downward pressure, with soybean meal performing stronger than rapeseed meal. The recommended trading strategy is to stay on the sidelines for both single - side trading and arbitrage, and to use the strategy of selling wide straddles for options [3][4][7]. 3. Summary by Section 3.1 Market Review - The US soybean oil market rumors of postponed biodiesel incentive measures, leading to a decline in the US soybean oil futures price, and the US soybean futures price showed high - level fluctuations. The domestic soybean meal and rapeseed meal futures prices declined, with the spread between soybean meal and rapeseed meal slightly widening, and the inter - month spreads of both also declined [3]. 3.2 Fundamentals - The monthly supply - demand report was bullish, but the US soybean futures price faced downward pressure after the report. The US soybean balance sheet can support the price, and future prices will be more affected by exports and crushing. South American supply factors are increasing, with Brazil's new crop sowing progressing rapidly, and most institutions expect a bumper harvest. Argentina's old - crop soybean exports and crushing are increasing, but the export growth space may be limited. Overall, the international soybean market supply - demand is relatively loose [4]. - The domestic spot market is in a loose supply - demand situation, with increasing oil mill operating rates, sufficient supply, and increasing提货量. As of November 14, the actual soybean crushing volume was 2.0776 million tons, the operating rate was 57.15%, soybean inventory was 7.4771 million tons, a decrease of 1.87% from the previous week and an increase of 40.92% year - on - year. Rapeseed meal demand is gradually weakening, and the supply pressure persists [5]. 3.3 Macroeconomic Factors The macro - economic impact on the market is expected to be limited after the short - term reaction, and the market will focus more on fundamental changes. The US government ended the shutdown, and China - US negotiations sent positive signals. China resumed the soybean import qualifications of three US companies, but the impact on the long - term market supply is uncertain [6]. 3.4 Logic Analysis - The US soybean price is expected to fluctuate at a high level, and the Brazilian soybean price is expected to be under pressure and fluctuate. The domestic soybean meal price is under pressure in the medium - to - long - term, and soybean meal performs stronger than rapeseed meal. The inter - month spreads of soybean meal will fluctuate, and those of rapeseed meal may continue to decline [7]. 3.5 Trading Strategies - Single - side trading: It is recommended to stay on the sidelines. - Arbitrage: Stay on the sidelines. - Options: Use the strategy of selling wide straddles [8].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - The trading focus of the soybean meal futures lies in whether the 53 bushels per acre yield of US soybeans on the external market will continue to decline, and whether the 12 million tons of Chinese purchases claimed by the US can be reflected in the annual balance sheet. If the inventory remains around 300 million bushels, the annual price of US soybeans will fluctuate around the cost line, and the domestic soybean meal will lack a unilateral driving force. The near - term contracts will strengthen due to seasonal de - stocking, while the far - term contracts will be weak due to Brazilian supply pressure, continuing the positive spread logic [1]. - The rapeseed meal futures will maintain a state of weak supply and demand in the fourth quarter. There are additional negotiation expectations between China and Canada, and with the arrival of Australian rapeseed after November, the subsequent demand growth is limited, and supply is expected to recover. Therefore, the inventory of rapeseed meal at coastal and oil mills remains high, and it is considered weak. Attention can be paid to the registration of new warehouse receipts after the concentrated cancellation of warehouse receipts in November [2]. Summary According to the Table of Contents Chapter 1: Core Contradictions and Strategy Recommendations 1.1 Core Contradictions - **Soybean Meal**: The external market focuses on supply - side yield adjustments and demand - side Chinese purchases. The domestic market has a near - strong and far - weak pattern. Near - term contracts are affected by seasonal de - stocking, and far - term contracts are pressured by Brazilian supply [1]. - **Rapeseed Meal**: It will have a weak supply - demand situation in Q4. There are negotiation expectations between China and Canada, and Australian rapeseed arrivals will limit demand growth and increase supply expectations [2]. - **Proximal Trading Logic**: Currently, the supply of imported soybeans at ports and oil mills is high, and the oil mill crushing volume has slightly increased. The demand is limited, and the warehouse receipt pressure of soybean and rapeseed meal is about to decline, making the near - term narrative dominant [6]. - **Distal Trading Expectations**: The cost of far - month soybeans is high, and import profits are falling, indicating limited far - month purchases. Sino - US trade relations are easing, and the supply gap is expected to narrow. Rapeseed meal supply may improve, and demand is expected to weaken. Brazilian and Argentine soybean planting is progressing well, and future harvest pressure will affect domestic meal prices [17]. 1.2 Trading - Type Strategy Recommendations - **Trend Judgement**: The market will be in a range - bound state. The M2601 contract will fluctuate between 2800 - 3200 [25]. - **Strategy Suggestions**: Unilateral long positions can be reduced; consider a covered call strategy with options; hold the previously sold call options for rapeseed meal 2601; for non - holders, avoid excessive short - chasing after a Monday low - opening, and consider high - selling and low - buying or positive spread strategies [25]. - **Basis, Spread and Hedging Arbitrage Strategy Recommendations**: For basis strategies, use accumulated option purchases to reduce basis risk. For spread strategies, reduce positions in M3 - 5 and M1 - 3 spreads. For hedging arbitrage strategies, narrow the spread of soybean and rapeseed meal 2601 at high levels [26]. 1.3 Industry Customer Operation Suggestions - **Price Range Forecast**: The price range of soybean meal is 2800 - 3300, and that of rapeseed meal is 2250 - 2750 [28]. - **Hedging Strategies**: Traders with high protein inventory can short soybean meal futures; feed mills with low inventory can buy soybean meal futures; oil mills worried about excessive imports can short soybean meal futures [28]. 1.4 Basic Data Overview - **Futures Prices**: The closing prices, daily changes, and percentage changes of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, CBOT soybeans, and the offshore RMB are provided [29]. - **Spreads**: Information on the spreads between different contracts of soybean and rapeseed meal, as well as the basis and spot spreads, is presented [30]. - **Import Costs and Pressing Profits**: The import costs and pressing profits of US, Brazilian soybeans, and Canadian rapeseed are given [31]. Chapter 2: This Week's Important Information and Next Week's Concerns 2.1 This Week's Important Information - **Positive Information**: The USDA's November report shows a lower US soybean yield and production than previous forecasts. Argentina's soybean planting progress is behind schedule, and the NOPA's October report shows an increase in soybean meal production [33][34]. - **Negative Information**: Brazil's soybean planting progress is fast, and its October exports are higher than last year. The USDA has not resumed the weekly crop growth report due to the government shutdown [35]. - **Spot Transaction Information**: Downstream customers continue to purchase on a need - to - use basis [35]. 2.2 Next Week's Concerns - Monday: USDA export inspection report and domestic weekly inventory data; Tuesday: Brazil's Secex weekly report; Saturday: CFTC agricultural product position report [42] Chapter 3: Disk Interpretation 3.1 Price - Volume and Capital Interpretation - **Domestic Market**: The soybean meal futures followed the external market, first falling, then rising, and then falling again. The rapeseed meal futures continued to decline due to previous China - Canada negotiations. Key profitable seats in soybean and rapeseed meal reduced short positions and increased long positions, and the market sentiment for soybean meal turned bullish. The 1 - 5 spreads of both soybean and rapeseed meal weakened. The basis of both soybean and rapeseed meal declined, and the spot spread between soybean and rapeseed meal narrowed [39][40][44]. - **External Market**: After the USDA report, the prices of both domestic and external markets declined. Then, with the news of Sino - US soybean purchases, US soybeans rebounded, and the domestic market followed. The net long positions of CBOT soybeans returned above the zero - axis [56][60]. Chapter 4: Valuation and Profit Analysis 4.1 Production Area Profit Tracking - The pressing profits in US soybean production areas are weakening due to rising costs, while the monthly pressing volume remains high. The pressing profits in Brazilian and Argentine production areas are also weakening, and the pressing profits of Canadian rapeseed are rising due to falling prices [62]. 4.2 Import - Export Pressing Profit Tracking - After Argentina opened the export window in September, the domestic soybean meal price declined, but the decline was limited due to the lack of negative feedback from domestic purchases. Recently, although the market has rebounded, the pressing profits have not improved. The near - term domestic supply pressure and profit support limit the downward space, while the far - term market may decline after the collapse of Brazilian premium prices. The import of rapeseed has shown pressing profits, but subsequent purchases are expected to be cautious due to margin factors [67]. Chapter 5: Supply - Demand and Inventory Deduction 5.1 International Supply - Demand Balance Sheet Deduction - For the September new - crop balance sheet, the US soybean production is expected to be between 4.2 - 4.3 billion bushels. The demand for crushing will continue to grow, while the export will be weak. If Sino - US trade resumes, exports may recover. The ending inventory is expected to be moderately tight. The October balance sheet was not released due to the government shutdown, and attention should be paid to the November balance sheet [71]. - Globally, in the 2025/26 soybean balance sheet, the beginning inventory and production are expected to decline, the crushing volume will decrease, the export volume will slightly increase, and the ending inventory will decline [75]. 5.2 Domestic Supply - Side and Deduction - The import of soybeans will gradually decrease in the fourth quarter, and the supply will enter a seasonal de - stocking phase. The import of rapeseed will remain low [77]. 5.3 Domestic Demand - Side and Deduction - The domestic soybean crushing volume will remain high, and the consumption of soybean meal will have limited growth [79]. 5.4 Domestic Inventory - Side and Deduction - The domestic soybean inventory will decline in the fourth quarter and is expected to stabilize and rebound in the first quarter of next year. The soybean meal inventory will also decline and remain at around 600,000 tons in the first quarter of next year [81].

Core Viewpoint - Recent positive developments in trade relations have driven an increase in domestic and international soybean prices, but the sustainability of this trend remains uncertain [1] Group 1: Domestic Supply and Import Data - China's soybean imports in October reached 9.48 million tons, the highest for the same period historically, representing a year-on-year increase of 17.2% [2] - Cumulative imports from January to October 2025 totaled 95.68 million tons, up 6.4% year-on-year, with expectations of 8 million tons and 7.5 million tons to be purchased in November and December respectively, leading to a projected total import exceeding 110 million tons for 2025, a 5% increase from 2024 [2] - Domestic soybean supply remains ample, with port inventories rising to 10.334 million tons, significantly higher than last year's 6.8975 million tons [2] Group 2: Export Expectations and Uncertainties - Recent improvements in U.S. soybean export expectations are tempered by uncertainties in actual purchase volumes, with a notable slowdown in procurement progress for November and December [3] - The average soybean purchase volume over the past five years for November and December is 8.8 million tons, significantly lower than the 12 million tons agreed upon [3] - The high 13% tariff on U.S. soybeans has led to increased import costs, limiting the enthusiasm for purchasing [3] Group 3: Cost Dynamics and Market Conditions - The cost of South American soybeans has decreased, with the premium for December shipments dropping from 252 cents to 235 cents per bushel, enhancing Brazil's price competitiveness [4] - Current costs for Brazilian soybeans range from 3,900 to 4,050 yuan per ton, while U.S. soybean costs are between 4,500 and 4,600 yuan per ton, indicating greater losses for U.S. imports [4] - Domestic crushing margins are negative, prompting potential reductions in short-term imports to stabilize prices and improve margins [4] Group 4: Future Market Outlook - The likelihood of increased Brazilian soybean production under stable weather conditions suggests a loose global supply environment, which may limit significant price increases for soybean meal [5] - The upcoming USDA supply and demand report on November 14 is expected to adjust export forecasts upward while potentially lowering yield estimates, which could positively impact U.S. soybean prices [5] - Potential weather issues in Brazil may provide natural support for the market, reinforcing the stability of soybean meal prices [5]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - For the oilseed market, Sino-US trade relaxation leads to China's plan to purchase 12 million tons of US soybeans, causing a rebound in US soybean prices and cost - driven support for soybean meal prices. However, sufficient domestic port soybean inventories and weak demand from the aquaculture industry limit the upside of soybean meal prices. The rapeseed meal market has a generally loose supply - demand situation, with uncertainties in Canadian rapeseed imports supporting prices, while the end of the aquaculture demand peak season weakens demand support [7]. - For the oil market, US soybean price rebounds support soybean oil prices, but high oil mill operating rates, increasing inventory, and falling crude oil prices put pressure on soybean oil prices. Palm oil has significant supply pressure due to high production in major producing areas and weak demand. Canola oil has a tightening supply due to uncertainties in Canadian rapeseed imports and falling domestic rapeseed arrivals, with its decline being relatively small [39][42]. Summary by Related Catalogs 1. Soybean Meal - **Price Influencing Factors**: US soybean price rebounds due to Sino - US trade relaxation, supporting soybean meal prices. However, sufficient domestic port soybean inventories and weak demand from the loss - making aquaculture industry limit price increases [7]. - **Profit and Supply**: Oil mill crushing profits need to be repaired, and mills have a strong willingness to support prices. But high domestic port soybean inventories create supply pressure [7]. 2. Rapeseed Meal - **Supply - Demand Situation**: The overall supply - demand is loose, with limited rapeseed meal crushing volume. The low - level soybean - rapeseed meal price difference suppresses substitution demand [7]. - **Price Support**: Uncertainties in Canadian rapeseed imports support prices, while the end of the aquaculture demand peak season weakens demand support [7]. 3. Soybean Oil - **Positive Factors**: The rebound of US soybean futures prices supports soybean oil futures prices [39]. - **Negative Factors**: High oil mill operating rates, the psychology of supporting soybean meal and selling off soybean oil, increasing inventory, and falling crude oil prices put pressure on soybean oil prices [39]. 4. Palm Oil - **Supply**: High production in Indonesia and Malaysia leads to sufficient inventory and significant supply pressure [39]. - **Demand**: Weak demand from India and potential delays in Indonesia's B50 plan, along with falling international oil prices and a strong US dollar, weaken market attractiveness [39]. 5. Canola Oil - **Supply**: Uncertainties in Canadian rapeseed imports and low domestic rapeseed arrivals lead to a tightening supply and continuous inventory reduction [42]. - **Price Movement**: It follows the decline of other oils in the short term, but its decline is smaller due to supply concerns and inventory reduction, while high domestic inventory and the decline of soybean and palm oils limit its rebound [42].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The international soybean market has fully reflected the positive factors, and the subsequent upward momentum may be limited. However, there are also many uncertainties, and the downward space is expected to be limited if the overall market demand does not decline significantly [3]. - The domestic soybean meal futures market shows a volatile trend. The near - term contracts are relatively strong due to the loss of soybean crushing profit, the lack of competitiveness of US soybeans compared with Brazilian soybeans, and the tight supply in the long - term domestic market. The current domestic spot market has a relatively loose supply - demand situation, with high inventory and general trading volume [3]. - The domestic rapeseed meal futures market shows a relatively strong trend, mainly affected by the uncertainty of Canadian rapeseed supply. However, the high inventory of granular rapeseed meal limits the price increase space [4]. - For trading strategies, it is recommended to take a bearish view on the long - term contracts for unilateral trading, expand the MRM spread for arbitrage, and adopt the strategy of selling wide straddles for options [4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Comprehensive Analysis and Trading Strategies 3.1.1 Comprehensive Analysis - The US soybean market shows a high - level volatile trend. The improvement of export prospects has been fully reflected in the price. Further upward movement requires more positive changes in supply. The South American market is under pressure. Brazilian soybean export volume is expected to increase, and the price increase space is limited. Argentina also faces price pressure due to large production [3]. - The domestic soybean meal futures market has a near - term strong and long - term weak pattern. The near - term strength is due to factors such as crushing profit loss and tight long - term supply. The domestic spot market has a loose supply - demand relationship and high inventory [3]. - The domestic rapeseed meal futures market is affected by the uncertainty of Canadian rapeseed import, but the high inventory of granular rapeseed meal restricts the price increase [4]. 3.1.2 Strategies - Unilateral: Adopt a bearish view on the long - term contracts. - Arbitrage: Expand the MRM spread. - Options: Sell wide straddles [4]. 3.2 Core Logic Analysis 3.2.1 US Soybeans: Export Prospects Improve, and the Market Remains at a High Level - The US soybean futures market continues to show a high - level volatile trend. The export prospects have improved, but the price increase space is limited without a significant decline in supply. The US soybean harvest progress is expected to be fast, and the single - yield estimate has been slightly adjusted. The soybean crushing profit has declined, and the export is still slow with high uncertainty [8]. 3.2.2 South America: Sowing Slows Down, and Prices Decline - The South American soybean price shows a downward trend. The Brazilian soybean price has declined, and the new - crop price is relatively firm due to the slow sowing progress. The Brazilian soybean sowing is affected by weather, the demand is general, the crushing profit is low, and the export volume is expected to remain high. The Argentine new - crop sowing has started, and the supply is expected to decrease with limited market impact [11]. 3.2.3 Trade Relations: Changes Increase, and Soybean Meal Fluctuates at a High Level - The domestic soybean meal futures market shows a high - level volatile trend. The oil mill operating rate is expected to decline, the inventory pressure is large, and the crushing profit is average. The demand is good due to high livestock and poultry inventory, but the further inventory accumulation space is limited. The reduction of tariffs on US soybeans does not make them competitive, and the long - term soybean import is expected to decrease [14]. 3.2.4 Market Supply: Loose, and Demand Remains at a Low Level - The domestic rapeseed meal futures market shows a relatively strong trend. The market is affected by the uncertainty of Canadian rapeseed import. The supply of rapeseed for crushing is low, the inventory is low, and the demand is general. The high inventory of granular rapeseed meal makes the market supply - demand relationship relatively loose, and the price increase space is limited [17]. 3.3 Fundamental Data Changes 3.3.1 International Market - The data includes US soybean weekly sales, export inspection volume, monthly crushing volume, and weekly crushing profit; Brazilian and Argentine soybean monthly export and crushing volume [20][23]. 3.3.2 Foreign Premium - It shows the FOB prices of US Gulf, Brazil, and Argentina soybeans and the CNF price of rapeseed [25]. 3.3.3 Macro: Exchange Rate & International Shipping - It involves the exchange rates of the US dollar against the Chinese yuan, Brazilian real, and Argentine peso, and the shipping freight rates of Panamax vessels on different routes [32][38]. 3.3.4 Supply - The data includes soybean and rapeseed import volume and weekly crushing volume [40]. 3.3.5 Demand - It shows the weekly提货量 of soybean meal and rapeseed meal [42]. 3.3.6 Inventory - The data includes the inventory of soybeans, rapeseed, soybean meal, and rapeseed + rapeseed meal [45].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the reports. 2. Report Core Views 粕类产业 - The domestic soybean and soybean meal inventories are at a high level, but the cost - side support is strong. The downward space is limited. The near - month shipment crushing margin is negative, and there is still a gap of more than 8 million tons from November to January. With the strengthening support of US soybeans, it is expected to be difficult to purchase cheap soybeans in the future, and the support for soybean meal will increase [1]. 油脂产业 - Palm oil: The Malaysian BMD crude palm oil futures stopped falling and rebounded. It is expected to rebound to the 4200 - 4250 ringgit range in the short - term, and then face resistance. The Dalian palm oil futures market will maintain a volatile rebound trend, and it is expected to rise to the 8800 - 8900 yuan range. - Soybean oil: The US biodiesel policy is unclear. CBOT soybean is near the technical pressure level. CBOT soybean oil has limited upside and will maintain a narrow - range shock in the short - term. Domestically, the supply is sufficient, the demand is weak, and the basis quotation fluctuates little [2]. 生猪产业 - The spot price has declined recently, the secondary fattening has increased again, the spot supply is normal, and the slaughter enterprises have little difficulty in purchasing. The pig price fluctuates mainly. The overall slaughter progress will slow down in November, which may boost the pig price. The market is in a range - bound pattern, and the downward space is limited. It is recommended to operate cautiously and be bullish on the single - side. The 3 - 7 reverse spread can continue to be held [4]. 玉米 industry - In the supply side, the supply in the Northeast is sufficient, and the price is stable due to farmers' reluctance to sell and state reserve support. In the North China, the purchase and sale are average, and the price is also stable. In the demand side, the enthusiasm for building inventories in the trading link is average, the deep - processing inventory is stable, and the feed inventory is replenished due to being at a low level, but it is still mainly for rigid demand, and the long - term orders are few. The corn supply rhythm is okay currently, the market is in a low - level shock in the short - term, but there is still selling pressure in November [7]. 白糖 industry - The expected increase in supply surplus, weakening energy prices, and good weather in major producing areas have led to a weak trend in raw sugar prices. The domestic sugar price is also under pressure, but there is significant cost support below 5400. The spot market is tepid, and the market maintains a low - level shock [12]. 棉花 industry - The new cotton cost supports the cotton price, but there is also hedging pressure for the price to rise. The downstream demand is weak, but the finished product inventory pressure is not large, and textile enterprises have demand for purchasing cotton raw materials at low prices. The cotton price may fluctuate in a range in the short - term [13]. 鸡蛋 industry - In the short - term, the egg market has an oversupply pressure. The price may be in a dilemma of rising or falling, but with the slow recovery of demand, it may gradually rise. The egg price is expected to fluctuate widely at the bottom, with a reference range of 2900 - 3300 [16]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 粕类产业 - **Soybean meal**: The current price in Jiangsu is 3060 yuan, up 30 yuan (0.99%) from the previous day. The futures price of M2601 is 3068 yuan, down 2 yuan (-0.16%). The basis of M2601 is - 8 yuan, up 35 yuan (81.40%) [1]. - **Rapeseed meal**: The current price in Jiangsu is 2550 yuan, unchanged from the previous day. The futures price of RM2601 is 2549 yuan, up 12 yuan (0.47%). The basis of RM2601 is 1 yuan, down 12 yuan (-92.31%) [1]. - **Soybean**: The current price of Harbin soybeans is 3920 yuan, unchanged. The futures price of the main soybean contract is 4146 yuan, up 23 yuan (0.56%). The basis of the main soybean contract is - 226 yuan, down 23 yuan (-11.33%) [1]. 油脂产业 - **Palm oil**: The current price of Jiangsu's first - grade palm oil is 8390 yuan, up 10 yuan (0.12%). The futures price of Y2601 is 8188 yuan, up 50 yuan (0.61%). The basis of Y2601 is 202 yuan, down 40 yuan (-16.53%) [2]. - **Soybean oil**: The current price of Guangdong's 24 - degree palm oil is 8540 yuan, down 10 yuan (-0.12%). The futures price of P2601 is 8732 yuan, up 142 yuan (1.65%). The basis of P2601 is - 192 yuan, down 152 yuan (-380.00%) [2]. - **Rapeseed oil**: The current price of Jiangsu's third - grade rapeseed oil is 9780 yuan, up 30 yuan (0.31%). The futures price of OI601 is 9564 yuan, up 157 yuan (1.67%). The basis of OI601 is 216 yuan, down 127 yuan (-37.03%) [2]. 生猪 industry - **Futures indicators**: The price of the main contract of live pigs 2605 is 12025 yuan/ton, down 15 yuan (-0.12%); the price of live pigs 2601 is 11940 yuan, down 5 yuan (-0.04%); the 1 - 5 spread is - 82 yuan, up 10 yuan (10.53%) [4]. - **Spot prices**: The spot price in Henan is 11900 yuan/ton, up 50 yuan; in Shandong is 12020 yuan/ton, up 70 yuan; in Sichuan is 11450 yuan/ton, unchanged [4]. 玉米 industry - **Corn**: The price of corn 2601 is 2154 yuan/ton, up 20 yuan (0.94%); the Pingcang price in Jinzhou Port is 2150 yuan, unchanged; the basis is - 4 yuan, down 20 yuan (-125.00%) [7]. - **Corn starch**: The price of corn starch 2601 is 2469 yuan/ton, up 18 yuan (0.73%); the spot price in Changchun is 2510 yuan, unchanged; the basis is 41 yuan, down 18 yuan (-30.51%) [7]. 白糖 industry - **Futures market**: The price of sugar 2601 is 5448 yuan/ton, up 7 yuan (0.13%); the price of sugar 2605 is 5388 yuan/ton, down 5 yuan (-0.09%); the ICE raw sugar main contract is 14.22 cents/pound, up 0.10 cents (0.71%) [12]. - **Spot market**: The spot price in Nanning is 5750 yuan/ton, up 50 yuan (0.88%); the Nanning basis is 362 yuan, up 55 yuan (17.92%) [12]. 棉花 industry - **Futures market**: The price of cotton 2605 is 13615 yuan/ton, down 2 yuan (-0.04%); the price of cotton 2601 is 13605 yuan/ton, down 10 yuan (-0.07%); the ICE US cotton main contract is 64.48 cents/pound, down 0.59 cents (-0.91%) [13]. - **Spot market**: The Xinjiang arrival price of 3128B is 14618 yuan/ton, down 9 yuan (-0.06%); the CC Index of 3128B is 14820 yuan/ton, down 5 yuan (-0.03%) [13]. 鸡蛋 industry - **Futures indicators**: The price of the egg 12 - contract is 3227 yuan/500KG, up 10 yuan (0.31%); the price of the egg 01 - contract is 3386 yuan, up 1 yuan (0.03%); the basis is - 295 yuan/500KG, up 37 yuan (11.19%) [15]. - **Related indicators**: The egg - laying chicken chick price is 2.80 yuan/feather, up 0.15 yuan (5.66%); the culled chicken price is 4.11 yuan/jin, down 0.18 yuan (-4.20%); the egg - feed ratio is 2.38, up 0.03 (1.28%) [15].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the report 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - For vegetable oils, with a warming macro - environment and stronger external vegetable oils, domestic vegetable oils are expected to rise. It is recommended to close previous short positions and enter long positions [1][2] - For two types of meal (bean meal and rapeseed meal), macro - conditions are improving and the rise of US soybeans will drive the domestic double - meal to rebound, but the medium - long - term supply pressure increases, so the rebound space is limited, and wait for short - selling opportunities in the medium - long term [3] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Vegetable Oils 3.1.1 Market Review - On October 23, domestic vegetable oils were pressured by sufficient supply fundamentals, but showed resistance on the technical side. The closing prices and daily position changes of Y2601, Y2605, P2601, P2605, OI2601, and OI2605 contracts of soybeans, palm oil, and rapeseed oil are provided, along with price changes [1] 3.1.2 Important Information - On October 27, Sino - US economic and trade teams had their fifth face - to - face negotiation since May this year, reaching a "very substantial framework agreement", and the US "no longer considers" imposing a 100% tariff on China - NYMEX crude oil futures fell on October 24, but the weekly increase was the largest since mid - June - Brazil may not be able to increase the biodiesel blending ratio from 15% to 16% before March 2026, which may reduce the industrial demand for international soybean oil and drag down CBOT soybean oil - If Indonesia implements the B50 policy, the palm oil used for blending will reach about 17 million tons, 3 million tons more than the current B40 policy, accounting for about 35% of Indonesia's palm oil production - From October 1 - 25, Malaysia's palm oil exports decreased by 0.4% compared to September 1 - 25 - From October 1 - 20, Malaysia's palm oil production increased by 2.71% month - on - month - As of the 42nd week of 2025, the total inventory of the three major domestic edible oils decreased by 1.45% week - on - week and increased by 14.13% year - on - year [1] 3.1.3 Market Logic - Externally, the continuous sharp rise of international crude oil last week and the Sino - US phased easing are expected to boost vegetable oils. The Sino - US negotiation result made US soybeans jump, driving up US soybean oil. However, Malaysia's palm oil is pressured by increased production and decreased exports. Domestically, the supply of oilseeds in the fourth quarter is sufficient, the oil mill operating rate rises, and consumption enters a seasonal off - season. The main influencing factor at this stage is macro - factors. Macro conditions are warming, and the strength of external vegetable oils will drive up domestic vegetable oils [2] 3.1.4 Trading Strategy - Unilateral: Enter new long positions. Provide pressure and support levels for Y2601, Y2605, P2601, P2605, OI2601, and OI2605 contracts [2] - Arbitrage: No strategy provided 3.2 Two Types of Meal (Bean Meal and Rapeseed Meal) 3.2.1 Market Review - On October 23, domestic oils fell sharply, and the "buy oil and sell meal" arbitrage was decoded, supporting the double - meal. The closing prices, daily position changes, and price changes of M2601, M2605, RM2601, and RM2605 contracts of bean meal and rapeseed meal are provided [2] 3.2.2 Important Information - On October 27, Sino - US economic and trade teams had their fifth face - to - face negotiation since May this year, reaching a "very substantial framework agreement", and the US "no longer considers" imposing a 100% tariff on China - As of October 20, 2025, the soybean sowing progress in Paraná, Brazil was 52%, and the excellent - good rate was 98% - In September, China's soybean imports reached 12.869 million tons, a record high for the month - The Trump administration may announce a plan to rescue American farmers affected by the trade war and price drops, with preliminary expenditures up to $15 billion - As of the end of October, Brazil's soybean exports are expected to reach 102.2 million tons, exceeding the full - year totals of 2024 and 2023 - As of the 42nd week of 2025, the domestic imported soybean inventory increased, while the domestic bean meal inventory and contract volume decreased. The domestic imported rapeseed inventory, imported and pressed rapeseed meal inventory, and contract volume all decreased [2][3] 3.2.3 Market Logic - Externally, Sino - US reached a good agreement, and the market expects an increase in US soybean exports, causing US soybeans to jump. The market is in a wait - and - see mood on Friday, and both long and short positions reduced. The short - term main contract of Dalian meal is consolidating around 2950 yuan. Domestically, the oil mill's one - price increases slightly with the market, the near - month basis weakens locally, and the domestic bean meal inventory continues to decline. Due to poor压榨 profits, oil mills have weak willingness to purchase in the long - term. Feed enterprises adopt a strategy of replenishing inventory at low prices and giving priority to digesting existing inventory; traders face double pressures of cost inversion and slow sales, and the actual transactions are mainly negotiated, with weak willingness to chase the rise. Macro conditions are warming, and the rise of US soybeans will drive the domestic double - meal to rebound, but the medium - long - term supply pressure increases, so the rebound space is limited [3] 3.2.4 Trading Strategy - Unilateral: Cautiously participate in short - term long positions, the rebound space is limited, and wait for short - selling opportunities on rebounds in the medium - long term. Provide pressure and support levels for M2601, M2605, RM2601, and RM2605 contracts [3] - Arbitrage: No strategy provided